THREE-DIMENSIONAL COUPLED IMPELLER-VOLUTE SIMULATION OF FLOW IN CENTRIFUGAL PUMP AND PERFORMANCE PREDICTION

A three-dimensional turbulent flow through an entire centrifugal pump is simulated using k-ε turbulence model modified by rotation and curvature, SIMPLEC method and body-fitted coordinate. The velocity and pressure fields are obtained for the pump under various working conditions, which is used to predict the head and hydraulic efficiency of the pump, and the results correspond well with the measured values. The calculation results indicate that the pressure is higher on the pressure side than that on the suction side of the blade; The relative velocity on the suction side gradually decreases from the impeller inlet to the outlet, while increases on the pressure side, it finally results in the lower relative velocity on the suction side and the higher one on the pressure side at the impeller outlet; The impeller flow field is asymmetric, i.e. the velocity and pressure fields arc totally different among all channels in the impeller; In the volute, the static pressure gradually increases with the flow route, and a large pressure gratitude occurs in the tongue; Secondary flow exists in the rear part of the spiral.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Micro Tip Injection in a High‑Speed Axial Compressor Rotor

A series of experiments and numerical simulations are carried out in a high-speed axial compressor to systematically investigate the influence and underlying flow mechanisms of micro tip injection on enhancing compressor stability.Different geometric structures of micro tip injection have been investigated,including the axial positions of injector port,injected mass flow rate and injector diameter.First,seven designed micro tip injection structures and one solid wall casing are tested in the compressor test rig to elucidate the influence of different micro tip injection parameters on the compressor stability.Then,numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the underlying flow mechanisms of micro tip injection with different design parameters on enhancing the compressor stability.The experimental and numerical investigation reveal that when the injection port is located upstream of the low-speed region,the compressor stability is significantly enhanced.The tip injection with larger injected mass flow can obtain higher stall margin improvement.Smaller injector diameter produces higher injection momentum and velocity,contributing to greater improvement on the compressor stability.

The Numerical Simulation of Gas Turbine Inlet-Volute Flow Field

The structural and aerodynamic performance of the air inlet volute has an important influence on the performance of the gas turbine. On one hand, it requires the airflow flowing through inlet volute as even as possible, in order to reduce the pressure loss, to avoid a decrease in the effective output power and an increase of the fuel consumption rate of the internal combustion engine which indicate the inefficiency of the entire power unit;On the other hand, it requires the size of the inlet volute to be as small as possible in order to save mounting space and production costs. The thesis builds the structure model and develops flow fields numerical simulation of several different sizes of the inlet volutes. Further, the unreasonable aerodynamic structure is improved according to the flow field characteristics and thereby, a better aerodynamic performance of the inlet volute is obtained.

Study on partition of spontaneous combustion danger zone and prediction of self-ignition in coalmine based on numeric simulation

By solving steady model of air flow diffusion and chemical reaction in loose coal, distribution of oxygen concentration and flow velocity magnitude were obtained. Compared the simulating results with critic value as well as duration of spontaneous combustion from large-scale spontaneous combustion experiment, 'three zones' of spontaneous combustion were partitioned and mining conditions to avoid spontaneous combustion were obtained. The above method was employed to partition 'three zones' in gob of fully mechanized top-coal caving long wall face and got fairly good result. Calculation of the above method is much smaller than simulating the whole process of coal spontaneous combustion, but the prediction precision can satisfy the demand of predicting and extinguishing spontaneous combustion in mining.

Numerical Simulation on Unsteady Flow Mechanism of a 1.5-Stage Axial Transonic Compressor

In this paper,a numerical simulation method is used to calculate a 1.5-stage axial transonic compressor to explore its unsteady flow mechanism.The performance curve is compared with the experimental data to verify the calculation method with a high numerical accuracy,which shows that the unsteady calculation has good reliability.According to the analysis of the data from the monitoring points under the near-stall condition,the unsteady disturbances originate from the tip region of blade and perform the strongest at the blade pressure surface with a broadband characteristic.Further analysis is conducted by combining with the characteristics of the transient flow field at the tip of blade.The results show that the unsteady pressure fluctuations are caused by the migration of the new vortex cores.These new vortex cores are generated by the breakdown of leakage vortex in the downstream,which is induced by the leakage vortex and shock wave interference.Moreover,the relationship between the unsteady flow characteristics and the working conditions is also studied.The leakage vortex intensity and the shock wave strength gradually increase with the decrease of flow rate.When the combination of the leakage vortex intensity and shock wave strength reaches the first threshold,a single frequency of unsteady disturbances appears at the blade tip.When the combination of the leakage vortex intensity and shock wave strength reaches the second threshold,the frequency of unsteady disturbances changes to a broadband.

吸力面合成射流对某亚音速轴流压气机转子性能的影响

为了研究吸力面合成射流对亚音速轴流压气机气动性能的影响,以一台高转速亚音速轴流压气机转子为对象开展数值研究。结果表明:受到合成射流激励后,压气机流量裕度减小了1.3%,但峰值效率提升了0.47%;分析内部流场后发现,叶顶泄漏及分离损失、通道损失是该压气机的主要损失来源,在叶片的吸力面布置合成射流激励能够有效减少叶顶泄漏及吸力面分离损失、通道损失和出口损失,而且合成射流的吸气作用相比吹气作用对于减少压气机损失更为有利;受到激励后,压气机通道内的气流径向速度更大且向叶顶聚集,导致叶顶堵塞反而比原型压气机更加严重,使得稳定裕度略有下降。

Effect of Tip-Blade Cutting on the Performance of Large Scale Axial Fan

The effect of tip-blade cutting on the performance of a large scale axial fan was investigated using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)methods.Experiments verified the numerical simulations.The original fan was compared with the one with tip-cutting in terms of dimensionless characteristic and aerodynamic performance in tip region under the conditions of the maximum efficiency point and near-stall point.The results showed that double leakage flow occurred in tip clearance at maximum efficiency point and spillage of leakage flow from leading edge occurred in tip-blade region at near-stall point for the both two fans;and that tip-cutting with 6% of blade height could reduce the intensity of tip-leakage vortex and increase flow capacity in tip blade region,and hold the stall margin almost the same as the original fan.The maximum efficiency of the fan with tip-cutting was improved by1%,and the ability of total pressure rising was obviously greater than the original fan.

Numerical Analysis of Factors Influencing Implosion

-By using gas-liquid two-phase flow theory, a modified mathematical model based on the computational fluid dynamics method SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations) is introduced to investigate implosion phenomena in high pressure chambers systematically. A theoretical simulation-prediction method, which is independent of experimental data, is developed in the paper and great improvement has been made on the topic. In the paper, various implosion situations have been simulated and predicted. Effects of a series of factors influencing implosion results and methods of reducing implosion danger have been analysed. The analysis results are of importance to underwater engineering practice.

Effect of Hub-Ratio on Performance of Asymmetric Dual-Rotor Small Axial Fan

Currently, domestic and abroad scholars put more attention on contra-rotating dual-rotor axial fan. But there is less scholars study on asymmetric dual-rotor small axial fan, which is one of the contra-rotating dual-rotor axial fans. Like axial fan, many factors have influence on the performance of the asymmetric dual-rotor small axial flow fan, such as the wheel hub ratio, blade shape, blade number, stagger angle and the tip clearance. Because wheel hub ratio has great impact on the performance of the fan, we choose the size of wheel hub ratio as a variable factor to study the model change. There is a different wheel hub ratio between front stage impeller and rear stage of asymmetric dual-rotor small axial fan, so it is very beneficial to select the greater wind area that the fan area of external diameter minuses the area occupied by the blades and the hub as front stage impeller. In this paper, the hub-ratio of front stage impeller is 0.72, and that of rear stage is 0.72, 0.67 and 0.62 respectively along with the front stage impeller. Three kinds of models with different hub ratio of rear stage are simulated using the CFD software and the static characteristics are obtained. Based on the experimental test results, the internal flow field of the asymmetric dual-rotor small axial fan is analyzed in detail, the impact trends of different hub-ratio on the performance of asymmetric dual-rotor small axial fan are obtained and the argument of structure optimization for dual-rotor small axial fan is provided.

主动脉穿刺型轴流血泵折边结构叶轮的数值模拟及溶血分析

为解决血泵因叶顶间隙泄漏而造成溶血和血栓等问题,引入了一种折边不等间距叶轮,采用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)进行内部流场的数值模拟,并与非折边不等间距叶轮及折边等间距叶轮进行对比分析,研究了它们的内流场动力学特性和血液相容性.结果表明:折边叶片结构血泵避免了叶顶间隙泄漏流的产生,同时折边不等间距叶轮减少了叶轮入口和出口处的回流和涡流,流道内整体切应力低于其他2种叶轮;3种叶轮的溶血指数HI均满足血泵的溶血设计指标,其中,折边不等间距叶轮血泵壁面切应力在0~150 Pa的占比达96.84%,曝光时间相对集中且满足人工血泵设计要求,溶血指数较非折边不等间距叶轮血泵下降了3.50%,较折边等间距叶轮血泵下降了12.50%,溶血性能最优.提出的折边不等间距叶轮血泵可有效降低红细胞破损概率,减少溶血和血栓的发生,可为轴流血泵的结构设计和优化提供一定参考.

基于变环量方法的农用轴流风机设计及性能优化

随着农业设施养殖空气过滤装置使用的普及,对高压农用轴流风机的需求也随之提升。为了提高农用轴流风机的气动性能并扩大工作压力范围,利用变环量设计理论,通过风洞试验和数值模拟,对风机叶片进行了重新设计。旨在改变现有叶片轮毂处结构形式,改善农用轴流风机内部流态,达到提升农业轴流风机气动性能和扩大稳定运行范围的目的。该研究以0.91 m农用轴流风机尺寸及目标风量为设计参数,利用变环量方法设计了一款叶片。通过单因素和响应面分析方法,研究了轮毂直径d、安装角α和叶片数n结构参数对风机性能和流场的影响。最佳工艺参数为d=260 mm,α=-0.369°,n=4片。数值模拟结果表明,优化后的轴流风机性能优于设计轴流风机,扩大了高压区稳定运行范围。样机试验测试表明,在高压(120 Pa)下,优化风机相较于原型轴流风机的风量提高了163%(达到18 710.99m3/h),能效比提高了18.9%(达到1.94 m3/(h·W))。该研究证明了变环量在农用轴流风机设计中的可行性,结构参数的优化可进一步降低风机的内部涡流。优化后的轴流风机减少了内部流场的二次流,提高了叶片的做功能力,改善了风机的气动性能,确保轴流风机在农业应用中能够更高效地实现空气流通与调控。

轴流式对旋除尘风机的结构优化与性能研究

为了提高轴流式对旋除尘风机的除尘性能,研究各个参数相互之间的干扰,对其一级叶轮叶片数量、二级叶轮叶片数量、一二级叶轮距离、风筒直径和叶轮至进口距离这5个主要的结构参数进行优化改进和参数匹配。采取正交试验法,通过FLUENT对各结构参数下的风机除尘过程进行模拟仿真试验,分析风机除尘作业时内部流场和进出口速度、压力分布情况,给出综合评价风机除尘性能公式,得到轴流式对旋除尘风机各个参数的影响程度由大到小分别为一级叶轮叶片数量、风筒直径、二级叶轮叶片数量、一二级叶轮距离、叶轮至进口距离,并通过计算分析得到风机结构的最佳参数组合。

外筒结构对轴流导叶式气液分离器分离性能的影响研究

气离心分离器因体积小、效率高而受到广泛的应用,提出了一种结合重力分离和离心分离的可处理复杂、不稳定两相流动的新型气液分离器。通过数值模拟对外筒结构进行优化并设计了气液分离试验以验证该分离器的分离性能。研究表明,随着分离器内外筒高度比的增大,分离效率会缓慢增大,压降也会随之增大。随着内外筒直径比的增大,分离效率会显著增大,压降会随之减小。

立式轴流泵装置叶轮与导叶间非定常流场分析

为了分析立式轴流泵装置叶轮和导叶体的非定常流场特征,采用ANSYS CFX对立式轴流泵装置全流道进行三维非定常数值计算,预测泵装置的能量性能,并通过物理模型试验进行验证。结果表明,各流量工况时,叶轮进口圆周测线的轴向速度分布均呈类正弦分布,波峰、波谷数与叶轮的叶片数相一致。小流量工况时,叶轮进口面的速度分布受叶轮的影响明显,速度加权偏流角与导叶体出口的平均涡角均最大。随着流量的增大,肘形进水流道的能量损失逐渐增大;导叶体的能量损失随着流量的增大呈先减小后增大的趋势,在最优工况时导叶体的能量损失最小,在小流量工况时60°弯管和虹吸式出水流道的能量损失之和最大。研究结果有利于立式轴流泵装置的结构优化与能效提高。

不同叶顶弯曲对离心叶轮性能影响机理

面对现代发动机对离心叶轮性能需求不断提高的背景,叶顶弯曲具备有效改善离心叶轮气动特性的能力,本文通过数值模拟的方式对不同叶顶弯曲方向、弯曲形式、弯曲程度的压气机性能进行预测,基于仿真结果对不同流动状态下压气机内部流场进行分析,给出了叶顶弯曲压气机性能变化机理。结果显示:负弯叶轮有助于提升压气机峰值效率,提高压气机堵塞流量。正弯叶轮则在损失部分效率的情况下,使压气机失速裕度得到提升。弯曲叶轮主要通过改善叶顶前缘载荷,重构叶轮通道内静压分布,从而削弱激波强度、减少二次流损失、抑制低能涡发展,达到提升压气机性能的目的。本文研究结果可为离心压气机叶片改型设计提供参考。

进出口流道对轴流泵性能影响的数值模拟分析

冷却剂流态是影响核主泵装置工作性能的重要因素,而进出水流道的结构影响着进出水流态。在保证叶轮和导叶结构不变的情况下,探究不同的进出口流道结构对泵水力性能的影响。本文基于SST k-ω湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,使用三个常用的商业计算流体力学软件对采用不同入口弯管、蜗壳和出口直管的轴流泵进行网格无关性分析和全流域稳态数值计算。经计算,两个模型的外特性参数一致,流量特性曲线几乎重合,且轴流泵的进出水流态相似。不同商业流体力学计算软件得到的曲线和云图的趋势一致,各软件计算误差均在5%以内,证明本次研究中进出口结构改型对泵的水力性能没有产生明显的影响。

喷雾降尘对旋式轴流风机结构参数设计优化

随着中国城市化和工业化的快速发展,粉尘污染问题日益突出。通过对喷雾降尘对旋式轴流风机的结构参数即一级叶轮叶片数、二级叶轮叶片数和导流叶个数进行单因素实验,将风机射程、流量及全压效率等作为评价指标,获得优化方案并仿真验证。研究表明:通过单因素分析,确定各结构参数的优选数值分别为一级叶轮叶片数为9,11,13,二级叶轮叶片数为8,10,12,导流叶个数为4,5,6;通过单因素实验及优化选定,确定优化方案为一二级叶轮叶片数分别为13,12,导流叶个数为6,优化方案较初始模型在射程提高了5.90%,流量提高了69.64%,全压效率提高到70.88%。

基于热负荷均匀分配原则的直接空冷系统轴流风机转速灵活调节策略

在直接空冷电站中,轴流风机功耗占厂用电比例较高。为获得更为高效的风机运行调整策略,以某典型2´600 MW直接空冷机组为例,基于热负荷均匀分配原则,采用数值模拟方法,研究轴流风机转速灵活调节策略。获得不同环境温度和风速条件下,各轴流风机转速分布规律以及通过空冷凝汽器单元的冷却空气质量流量分布规律。最终,计算得到不同环境气象条件下不同轴流风机转速调节策略风机总功耗变化规律。结果表明,基于热负荷均匀分配原则的轴流风机转速灵活调整策略明显优于轴流风机转速整体调节策略,结果可为直接空冷机组优化运行和深层次节能提供参考。

有限空间内电子芯片风冷系统的优化研究

芯片的冷却问题已经成为限制电子设备发展的技术瓶颈之一。本文通过数值模拟,对某人脸识别电子芯片在有限空间内的散热问题展开优化研究。研究芯片温升与轴流风扇流量、进风面积、芯片工作功率的关系,并通过多目标优化得到更加符合当前目标需求的芯片及风扇的工作参数。研究结果表明,轴流风扇流量从0增加到9CFM范围内,芯片温升下降约56%;风扇进风面积从0.031 m^(2)增大到0.196 m^(2),芯片温升上升13%;随着芯片功率增加,芯片稳定工作的温升呈线性提升。通过多目标优化设计,得到的芯片及风扇的工作参数为P=5.87 W,Q=1.056 CFM,A=0.041 m^(2)。

电站空冷岛轴流风机模型研究

【目的】轴流风机作为直接空冷系统的主要设备,其气动性能对于直接空冷系统的流动换热性能具有重要影响。由于空冷岛的流动换热问题在空间几何上跨越了多个尺度,采用实验方法进行研究较为困难,通常利用数值模拟的手段进行研究。因此,对于现在大多数模拟工作中采用的简化风机集总参数模型(简化模型)的准确性进行讨论分析十分必要。【方法】采用数值模拟的方法,分别建立了包含风机叶片的实体风机模型(实体模型)和简化模型。分别研究了不同温度、风速、风向角条件下采用实体风机和风机模型对于电站冷端系统输运性能的影响规律,通过对比分析获得了各个工况下的空气侧压力场和流场的分布规律,并对采用不同风机模型的电站冷端系统各个空冷凝汽器单位的轴流风机冷却空气压降和流量进行了统计和对比。【结果】实体模型与简化模型的差异主要体现在低流量区,且风速越大,差异越明显。【结论】研究结果可为提高电站冷端系统数值模拟研究的准确性提供参考。