Rare π_5~6…Pb Interactions in a Two-dimensional Metal-organic Coordination Polymer with Two Distinct Kinds of Axially Chiral Units

A new metal-organic coordination polymer [Pb（mfpdc）（CH3OH）]n （1, mfpdc = 2,6-dimethyl-4-（2-furanyl） pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate） was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray analyses. The crystal is orthorhombic, space group Pbca, a = 15.6297（18）, b = 9.4803（11）, c = 18.598（2） A, V= 2755.8（6） A3, Z = 8, Mr= 498.44, Dc= 2.403 Mg/m3, F（000） = 1872, the final R = 0.0275 and wR = 0.0726 （1 〉 2σ（I））. There are interesting polynuclear zigzag （PbOs）n chains in the structure of 1, and there have interesting axially chiral S- and R-unit Pb4L units constructed from prochiral organic ligands through C-H...O bonding. The （R/S）-Pb4L units by sharing Pb centers generate a 2-D coordination network, in which there exist rare n65Pb （3.2610 A） interactions. The solid-state photoluminescent emission of compound 1 appears at 487 nm.

Effects of Interaction between Axial and Radial Secondary Air and Reductive Intensity in Reduction Region on Combustion Characteristics and NO_(x) Emission of Coal Preheated by a Self-Preheating Burner

The study focused on the effects of the interaction between axial and radial secondary air and the reductive intensity in reduction region on combustion characteristics and NO_(x) emission in a 30 kW preheating combustion system.The results revealed that the interaction and reductive intensity influenced the combustion in the down-fired combustor(DFC) and NO_(x) emission greatly.For the temperature distribution,the interaction caused the position of the main combustion region to shift down as R_(2-12)(ratio of axial secondary air flow to radial secondary air flow) decreased or λ_(2)(total secondary air ratio) increased,and there was the interplay between both of their effects.As R_(3-12)(ratio of first-staged tertiary air flow to second-staged tertiary air flow)increased,the decrease in the reductive intensity also caused the above phenomenon,and the peak temperature increased in this region.For the NO_(x) emission,the interaction affected the NO_(x) reduction adversely when λ_(2) or R_(2-12) was higher,and the range of this effect was larger,so that the NO_x emission increased obviously as they increased.The decrease in the reductive intensity caused the NO_(x) emission increased under the homogeneous reduction mechanism,while was unchanged at a high level under the heterogeneous reduction mechanism.For the combustion efficiency,the interaction improved the combustion efficiency as λ_(2) increased when R_(2-12) was lower,while reduced it as λ_(2) increased excessively when R_(2-12) was higher.The proper decrease in the reductive intensity caused the combustion efficiency increased obviously,while was hardly improved further when the intensity decreased excessively.In this study,the lowest NO_(x) emission was only 41.75 mg/m^(3) without sacrificing the combustion efficiency by optimizing the interaction and reductive intensity.

Coupling simulation of fluid structure interaction in the stirred vessel with a pitched blade turbine

The interaction between fluid and a down-pumping pitched blade turbine fixed with a flexible shaft in the stirred vessel, as a typical fluid structure interaction phenomenon, was simulated by coupling the Computational Fluid Dynamics and Computational Structural Dynamics. Based on the verification of the simulated impeller torque and dimensionless shaft bending moment with experimental result, the dimensionless shaft bending moment and various loads acting on impeller(including lateral force, axial force and bending moment) were discussed in detail. By separating and extracting the fluid and structural components from those loads, the results show that the shaft bending moment mainly results from the lateral force on impeller although the axial force on impeller is much larger. The impeller mass imbalance increases the shaft bending moment and the lateral force on impeller, but has little influence on the axial force and bending moment acting on impeller. The dominant frequencies of impeller forces are macro-frequency, speed frequency and blade passing frequency, and are associated with the impeller mass imbalance.

外包薄壁夹心钢-混组合管柱层间作用对其受压承载力的影响

为了研究外包薄壁夹心钢混组合管柱层间作用下的力学性能,建立了组合管柱有限元分析模型,通过库伦摩擦定义层间作用力,改变影响参数值,研究了轴压、偏压作用下组合管柱的力学性能。结果表明:当摩擦系数由0.2增大至0.4时,轴心受压柱与偏心受压柱极限承载力分别提高了1.06%、13.35%,由0.4增大至0.6时,分别提高了0.06%、13.61%;随着内外钢管与混凝土之间外力的增加,层间作用力和机械咬合力也相应地增加,增强层间作用力可以明显提高外包薄钢混凝土偏心受压组合管柱的极限承载力。

Proper interpretation of sectional analysis results

Displacement control algorithms commonly used to evaluate axial force-bending moment(PM)diagrams may lead to incorrect interpretations of the strength envelopes for asymmetric sections.This paper aims to offer valuable insights by comparing existing displacement control algorithms with a newly proposed force control algorithm.The main focus is on the PM diagrams of three example sections that exhibit varying degrees of asymmetry.The comparative study indicates that conventional displacement control algorithms inevitably introduce non-zero out-of-plane bending moments.The reported PM diagram in such cases erroneously neglects the out-of-plane moment and fails to represent the strength envelope accurately.This oversight results in significant and unconservative errors when verifying the strength of asymmetric sections.

混凝土芯水泥土复合桩竖向承载特性分析方法

基于Euler梁理论和状态空间法,建立了综合考虑非线性芯桩-水泥土-桩周土界面作用的双层叠合直梁分析模型及其状态方程,推导了成层土中不同组合形式的复合桩截面内力与变形的统一解析解,有效地考虑了复合桩分析中土与结构相互作用、结构局部参数发生变化等难点。通过与已有文献中现场试验和数值计算结果对比,验证了该方法的有效性,并讨论了桩径比、芯长比和水泥土弹性模量对桩承载特性的影响。研究结果表明:(1)桩径比增大,可提供的桩侧摩阻力和桩端阻力增大,复合桩竖向承载力基本呈线性增长;(2)芯长比增大,复合桩竖向承载力的增长幅度逐渐增大;(3)水泥土弹性模量对于桩竖向承载力影响较小。

自由液面条件下水平轴水轮机流固耦合分析

潮流能水轮机一般安装在自由液面附近,导致水轮机的水动力特性受到自由面的影响。同时水轮机大型化后面临叶片的结构变形,进而影响水轮机的水动力性能。采用ANSYS软件中Fluent和Transient Structure模块,通过改变叶尖浸没水深,对水平轴水轮机在自由面条件下的流固耦合展开研究。结果表明:基于双向流固耦合计算得到的能量利用率比基于单向流固耦合的低,而轴向荷载系数比基于单向流固耦合的高;叶片在叶尖处变形较大,并在叶片与轮毂连接处有应力集中;水轮机能量利用率、轴向荷载系数和叶片最大变形随旋转角度发生周期性波动,且波动幅值随叶尖浸没水深的增加而减少。研究结果可为水轮机的叶片设计提供参考。

管道非对称双腐蚀缺陷相互作用极限间距

管道长期运行过程中会产生形态不一的腐蚀缺陷,相邻腐蚀缺陷间存在相互作用,从而影响管道的失效压力。然而,针对非对称腐蚀缺陷管道的相互作用极限间距尚还没有系统的研究。有鉴于此,采用有限元方法对含非对称双腐蚀缺陷管道相互作用极限间距进行研究。首先,验证了Benjamin爆破试验中多腐蚀缺陷有限元建模的可靠性。在此基础上,对轴向方向上长度非对称腐蚀缺陷和深度非对称腐蚀缺陷进行研究,同时对环向方向上长度非对称腐蚀缺陷和深度非对称腐蚀缺陷进行研究。研究结果表明:对于含非对称腐蚀缺陷的管道,本文得出的非对称腐蚀缺陷的相互作用极限间距在评价非对称腐蚀缺陷时要更加准确。

蒸发循环泵泵轴性能的仿真分析

为了探究极限工况下泵轴受力变形对轴流泵性能的影响,采用ANSYS软件中流固耦合技术与CFD模块相结合的方法,模拟ZWX-1600型蒸发循环泵在不同工况下工作时,泵轴的受力情况,并将泵轴转速以及受到的扭矩、径向力、轴向力等拟合成关系曲线,基于以上数据使用nCode软件进行寿命预测,最终形成高可靠设计方案,为轴流泵的设计和制造提供参考。

圆形钢管混凝土柱轴压承载力及承载力组成研究

为了研究相互作用下圆形钢管混凝土(circular concrete-filled steel tube,CCFST)柱中钢管和混凝土各自的承载力贡献,通过ABAQUS软件中的VUMAT子程序导入一种新的混凝土材料本构,建立了能够反映CCFST柱中钢管和混凝土相互作用的三维有限元模型,并通过试验数据验证了模型的荷载-位移曲线、钢管和混凝土的荷载-变形曲线以及侧向变形曲线。在此基础上分析了混凝土强度、钢管屈服强度、径厚比以及套箍系数对CCFST柱承载力及其组成的影响。然后结合有限元模型推导了CCFST柱在轴压荷载下峰值承载力的数学模型,模型中提出的钢管环向应力比例系数和混凝土承载力贡献系数可以评估钢管和混凝土的受力状态。将计算模型与现行规范及现有研究进行对比,发现提出的计算公式具有良好的计算精度,且可以评估钢管和混凝土各自的承载力贡献。

Elastic solutions for partially embedded single piles subjected to simultaneous axial and lateral loading

In order to improve the design level of partially embedded single piles under simultaneous axial and lateral loads, the differential solutions were deduced, in which the soil was treated as an ideal, elastic, homogeneous, semi-infinite isotropic medium. A comparison was made between model test results and the obtained solutions to show their validity. The calculation results indicate that the horizontal displacement and bending moment of the pile increase with increases of the axial and lateral loads. The maximum horizontal displacement and bending moment decrease by 37.9% and 13.9%, respectively, when the elastic modulus of soil increases from 4 MPa to 20 MPa. The Poisson ratio of soil plays a marginal role in pile responses. There is a critical pile length under the ground, beyond which the pile behaves as though it was infinitely long. The presented solutions can make allowance for the continuous nature of soil, and if condition permits, they can approach exact ones.

THE CONSTITUTIVE RELATION OF CRACK-WEAKENED ROCK MASSES UNDER AXIAL-DIMENSIONAL UNLOADING

An accurate and efficient numerical method for solving the crack-crack interaction problem is presented. The method is mainly by means of the dislocation model, stress superposition principle and Chebyshev polynomial expansion of the pseudo-traction. This method can be applied to compute the stress intensity factors of multiple kinked cracks and multiple rows of periodic cracks as well as the overall strains of rock masses containing multiple kinked cracks under complex loads. Many complex computational examples are given. The dependence of the crack-crack interaction on the crack configuration, the geometrical and physical parameters, and loads pattern, is investigated. By comparison with numerical results under confining pressure unloading, it is shown that the crack-crack interaction under axial-dimensional unloading is weaker than those under confining pressure unloading. Numerical results for single faults and crossed faults show that the single faults are more unstable than the crossed faults. It is found from numerical results for different crack lengths and different crack spacing that the interaction among kinked cracks decreases with an increase in length of the kinked cracks and the crack spacing under axial-dimensional unloading.

Characterization of component interactions in two-stage axial turbine

This study concerns the characterization of both the steady and unsteady flows and the analysis of stator/rotor interactions of a two-stage axial turbine. The predicted aerodynamic performances show noticeable differences when simulating the turbine stages simultaneously or separately. By considering the multi-blade per row and the scaling technique, the Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) produced better results concerning the effect of pitchwise positions between vanes and blades. The recorded pressure fluctuations exhibit a high unsteadiness characterized by a space–time periodicity described by a double Fourier decomposition. The Fast Fourier Transform FFT analysis of the static pressure fluctuations recorded at different interfaces reveals the existence of principal harmonics and their multiples, and each lobed structure of pressure wave corresponds to the number of vane/blade count. The potential effect is seen to propagate both upstream and downstream of each blade row and becomes accentuated at low mass flow rates. Between vanes and blades, the potential effect is seen to dominate the quasi totality of blade span, while downstream the blades this effect seems to dominate from hub to mid span. Near the shroud the prevailing effect is rather linked to the blade tip flow structure.

震损钢混柱的裂缝宽度计算理论及性能分析

针对目前裂缝宽度在计算和测量中存在的不足,提出基于黏结滑移理论的斜裂缝宽度计算方法。针对实际在役构件所受荷载不能确定和裂缝宽度无法准确计算的局限,提出分别根据弯曲变形量和剪切变形量计算钢筋混凝土柱的横向裂缝和斜裂缝宽度的计算方法和流程。在此基础上,考虑地震下钢筋混凝土柱受压弯剪共同作用的真实状态,建立位移与裂缝宽度的理论关系,提出根据水平总位移计算最大裂缝宽度的方法和流程。试验分析表明,在压弯剪复合受力状态下,根据所提方法计算钢筋混凝土柱的最大裂缝宽度具有较高的准确性,能够反映裂缝宽度随位移增长的动态演变过程,且可根据横向裂缝以及斜裂缝的数值比例判断钢筋混凝土柱的破坏模式。

基于静载试验的碱渣层预制桩承载力分析

为研究预制桩在碱渣层应用的可行性以及桩与碱渣相互作用的参数和指标,首次通过静载荷试验的方式对全桩身沉入碱渣层的PHC管桩进行承载力检测并测试桩身轴力分布,检测内容包括两轮次的竖向抗压承载力试验和一轮次的竖向抗拔承载力试验。试桩结果显示,打桩40 d后,桩尖闭口、开口2种类型试验桩的单桩竖向抗压极限承载力分别为900 kN和800 kN,单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力为350 kN。根据桩身轴力分布计算,0~13 m土层深度的碱渣单位面积的侧摩阻力均值为16.3 kPa,端阻力均值为680 kPa。设计时考虑碱渣层的贡献可以有效地起到优化桩长的目的。

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Cavity/Mean-Flow Interaction in Low Pressure Axial Flow Turbines

The increasing performance of modern aeroengines led the research towards the optimization of machine components not deeply analyzed in the past.In this context,the mechanisms driving the interaction process between the secondary flows evolving at the hub of low-pressure turbines with the rotor-stator cavity systems have been poorly investigated in the literature.In this work,an experimental and numerical analysis of the interaction between the endwall near wall flow and the leakage flow of a real cavity system is presented.The experimental results were carried out in the annular low-pressure axial flow turbine of the University of Genova.Experimental blade loading and pressure distributions into the cavity,as well as the measured total pressure loss coefficient,have been used for a proper validation of CFD results.Both steady and unsteady calculations were carried out through the commercial solver Numeca.Particularly,several numerical approaches have been tested into this work:RANS,Non Linear Harmonic(NLH),and URANS.The most promising CFD techniques have been firstly identified by comparison with experimental results and then systematically employed to extend the analysis of secondary flow-cavity flow interaction to positions and quantities not available from the experiments.Losses characterizing the mean flow-cavity flow interaction process will be shown to cover a great amount of the overall stage losses and should be properly accounted for the design of future optimized cavity configurations.

轴流风叶流固耦合强度分析

为研究空调外机轴流风叶常用材料在使用过程中的变形情况,采用流固耦合仿真技术对PP和GF20%两种材料的风叶进行叶片强度和模态分析。计算结果表明,两种材料在空调正常运行情况下均可满足强度要求,并距材料屈服极限保有较大的安全性,从模态结果看风叶运行频率与各阶固有频率相差较大,不会发生共振。具体材料强度对比可知,PP材料的风叶相比GF20%变形明显增大。因此采用强度较大的GF20%作为风叶材料可有效降低空调长期运行时风叶变形导致的性能减弱风险。此外风叶长运实验结果与仿真趋势基本相同,说明本技术方法对工程设计具有实际参考意义。

基于流固耦合的轴流泵叶片应力特性

为计算轴流泵叶片的应力及变形情况,在Workbench平台上,采用Ansys和CFX软件对轴流泵内部流场和叶轮结构响应进行双向顺序流固耦合联合求解,其中流场计算基于RANS方程,采用RNG k-ε双方程湍流模型,结构计算采用弹性体结构动力学方程.对叶轮叶片在流固耦合作用下的变形和应力分布进行了计算,分析了流固耦合作用对轴流泵扬程和效率的影响.计算结果表明:在流固耦合作用下轴流泵叶片的最大位移发生在叶片进水边轮缘处,叶片出水边及根部位移较小;叶片根部与轮毂接触处靠近进水边一侧存在明显的应力集中现象;叶片的应力和变形均随轴流泵流量的增大而逐渐减小;与不考虑流固耦合作用相比,考虑流固耦合作用的数值计算得到的轴流泵扬程和效率均有所下降,但下降幅度较小.

轴向受压两体力学模型相互作用的试验研究

在工程实际中对坝体与坝基的相互作用问题进行数值模拟时经常按照一体两介质进行分析,这种假设与实际存在出入。为了研究理论与实际的差别和建立正确的分析模型提供理论依据,初步建立了一体两介质与两体两介质力学模型,并分别进行了轴向受压试验。试验结果表明,低强度介质强度与高强度介质的强度之比?是影响一体两介质力学模型与两体两介质力学模型的重要参量,且影响程度与影响机制在不同力学模型之间存在较大的差别。

流固耦合作用对轴流泵内部流场影响的数值计算

采用雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程和RNG k-ε双方程湍流模型,基于弹性体结构动力学方程,对轴流泵内部流场和叶轮结构响应进行多工况双向同步耦合求解,研究了流固耦合作用对轴流泵内部流场的影响。结果表明:考虑流固耦合作用后,叶片工作面和背面的压差有所减小,说明叶片性能有所下降;叶片出口处的二次回流现象有所加剧;计算得到的轴流泵水力性能参数更加接近试验值,说明考虑流固耦合后的流场更加接近于真实流场。