A Modified Lattice Model of the Reversible Effect of Axial Strain on the Critical Current of Polycrystalline REBa2Cu3O7-δ Films

The strain effect on the critical current is one of the most important properties for polycrystalline YBa2 Cu3O7-δ （REBCO, RE： rare earth） films, in which the reversible effect is intrinsic in the range of strain 0 and the irreversible strain εirr. By introducing the applied strain, a modified grain boundaries （GBs） in the REBCO film is developed. lattice model combining the strain and misorientation of A good agreement of the calculation on the lattice model with the experimental data shows that the lattice model is able to well describe the reversible effect of axial strain on the critical current of the REBCO film, and provides a good understanding of the mechanism of the reversible effect of the strain. Moreover, the effects of the crystallographic texture of the REBCO film and the residual strain εr on the variation of the critical current with the applied strain are extensively investigated. Furthermore by using the developed lattice model, the irreversible strain εirr of the REBCO film can be theoretically determined by comparing the calculation of the critical current-strain curve with the experimental data.

Identifying crack initiation stress threshold in brittle rocks using axial strain stiffness characteristics

As an estimate for the in-situ spalling strength around massive underground excavations to moderately jointed brittle rocks, crack initiation stress marks the initiation of rock micro fracturing. It is crucial to accurately identify crack initiation stress level by proper method. In this study, confined compression tests of sandstone samples are used to examine the validity/applicability of proposed axial strain stiffness method. The results show that by highlighting the minuscule changes in stress-strain curve, the axial strain stiffness curve provided further insight into rock failure process and revealed five stages:(a) irregular fluctuation,(b) nearly horizontal regular fluctuation,(c) irregular fluctuation gradually decreasing to zero,(d) extreme fluctuation, and(e) near zero, which mainly correspond to five stages of stress–strain curve. The ratio of crack-initiation stress to peak strength determined using this approach is 0.44–0.51, similar to the ranges previously reported by other researchers. In this method, the key is to accurately detect the end point of the stage(b), "nearly horizontal regular fluctuation" characterized by a sudden change in axial strain stiffness curve, and the sudden change signifies crack initiation in rock sample. Finally, the research indicates that the axial strain stiffness curve can provide a mean to identify the crack-initiation stress thresholds in brittle rocks.

Multi-axial strain-stiffening elastic potentials with energy bounds:explicit approach based on uniaxial data

According to the well-known models for rubberlike elasticity with strain- stii^ening effects, the unbounded strain energy is generated with the unlimitedly growing stress when the stretch approaches certain limits. Toward a solution to this issue, an explicit approach is proposed to derive the multi-axial elastic potentials directly from the uniaxial potentials. Then, a new multi-axial potential is presented to characterize the strain-stiffening effect by prescribing suitable forms of uniaxia] potentials so that the strain energy is always bounded as the stress grows to infinity. Numerical examples show good agreement with a number of test data.

Simultaneous measurement of axial strain and temperature based on twisted fiber structure

In this Letter, an alternative solution is proposed and demonstrated for simultaneous measurement of axial strain and temperature. This sensor consists of two twisted points on a commercial single mode fiber introduced by flame-heated and rotation treatment. The fabrication process modifies the geometrical configuration and refractive index of the fiber. Different cladding modes are excited at the first twisted point, and part of them are coupled back to the fiber core at the second twisted point. Experimental results show distinct sensitivities of 34.9 pm/με with 49.23 pm/℃ and -36.19 pm/με with 62.99 pm/℃ for the two selected destructive interference wavelengths.

Crack initiation stress and strain of jointed rock containing multi-cracks under uniaxial compressive loading: A particle flow code approach

The ratio of crack initiation stress to the uniaxial compressive strength(SCI,B/SUC,B) and the ratio of axial strain at the crack initiation stress to the axial strain at the uniaxial compressive strength(B,UCB,CI,A,A/SSSS) were studied by performing numerical stress analysis on blocks having multi flaws at close spacing's under uniaxial loading using PFC3 D. The following findings are obtained: SCI,B/SUC,B has an average value of about 0.5 with a variability of ± 0.1. This range agrees quite well with the values obtained by former research. For joint inclination angle, β=90°,B,UCB,CI,A,A/SSSS is found to be around 0.48 irrespective of the value of joint continuity factor, k. No particular relation is found betweenB,UCB,CI,A,A/SSSS and β; however, the average B,UCB,CI,A,A/SSSS seems to slightly decrease with increasing k. The variability ofB,UCB,CI,A,A/SSSS is found to increase with k.Based on the cases studied in this work,B,UCB,CI,A,A/SSSS ranges between 0.3 and 0.5. This range is quite close to the range of 0.4to 0.6 obtained for SCI,B/SUC,B. The highest variability of ± 0.12 forB,UCB,CI,A,A/SSSS is obtained for k=0.8. For the remaining k values the variability ofB,UCB,CI,A,A/SSSS can be expressed within ± 0.05. This finding is very similar to the finding obtained for the variability of SCI,B/SUC,B.

A CONTINUUM MODEL FOR AXIAL-STRAIN-INDUCED TORSION IN SINGLE-WALL CARBON NANOTUBES

Using the atomistic-based finite-deformation shell theory, we analytically investigate the coupling between the axial deformation and the torsion in single-wall carbon nanotubes. We find that the axial-strain-induced torsion（ASIT） response is limited only to chiral nanotubes. This response is affected by chiralities and radii of carbon nanotubes. Our results are similar to that of molecular dynamic simulations reported in the literatures.

In-plane Tensile Behaviors of Bi-axial Warp-Knitted Composites under Quasi-static and High Strain Rate Loading

The in-plane tensile behaviors of bi-axial warp-knitted(BWK) composites under quasi-static and high strain rates loading were experimentally analyzed in this article. The tensile tests were conducted along warp direction( 0°) and weft direction( 90°) at quasi-static rate of 0. 001 s^(-1) and high strain rates ranging from 1 450 to 2 540 s^(-1),respectively. It is found that the significant strain rate sensitivity can be observed in the stress-strain curves of BWK composites. The fracture morphologies of BWK composites demonstrate that the tensile failure modes are shear failure and fiber breakage under the quasi-static testing condition while interface failure and fibers pullout are at high strain rates.

土工格室加筋正常固结粉质黏土应力应变响应

土工格室加筋正常固结粉质黏土对工程建设意义重大。基于土工格室与填土的相互作用机制和增量法,采用弹塑性理论、邓肯-张双曲线模型、修正剑桥屈服函数以及剪胀方程,推导了土工格室加筋正常固结黏土的应力应变响应计算模型,进行了土工格室加筋正常固结黏土的三轴固结排水剪切试验,实测不同围压下的应力应变关系,采用三轴试验结果验证了所提理论模型的正确性和可靠性。此外,采用所提理论模型进行了参数敏感分析,研究了填土的力学性质参数、格室的网格尺寸和力学性质参数对于加筋土应力应变响应的影响。研究结论表明,与砂砾料相似,土工格室约束作用对于正常固结黏土的内摩擦角影响较小,而黏聚力有所增加;随着轴向应变的增加或围压的减小,加筋效果逐渐明显;加筋正常固结黏土的强度和刚度随着非线性弹性常数k的增加、强度参数φ的增加和Rf的减小而增大,常数n对于加筋土应力应变响应影响较小。本研究成果可为工程建设提供理论借鉴。

基于液压胀破测试方法的聚合物防水膜多轴拉伸性能表征

本研究设计了一种基于液压胀破的多轴拉伸测试装置和数据处理方法,以准确表征聚合物防水膜的拉伸性能。测试结果显示:随着防水膜厚度的增加,拉伸峰值应力降低;随着试件直径的增加,拉伸峰值应力增加;与单轴拉伸相比,多轴拉伸避免了“颈缩”效应,断裂伸长率降低;防水膜的应力-应变曲线符合线性应变强化弹塑性模型,并可通过多轴拉伸试验拟合得到相关参数。结论表明,多轴拉伸方法结果更接近实际工况下的应力-应变响应,可为合理评估防水膜在工程环境中的力学性能提供参考和借鉴。

再生粗骨料取代率及粒径对混凝土抗压性能影响试验研究

为研究单轴受压情况下再生粗骨料粒径范围、取代率对再生混凝土抗压性能的影响规律,分别以粒径范围5~10、10~20和20~31.5 mm,以及取代率分别为0%、10%、30%和50%为参量设计制作再生混凝土棱柱体试件,并对其开展单轴抗压性能试验研究。结果表明:在取代率相同时,粒径范围为5~10 mm时再生混凝土的抗压强度及峰值应变均比粒径范围为10~20、20~31.5 mm时的大;在粒径范围相同情况下,随取代率增大,再生混凝土抗压强度呈现出逐渐减小的变化趋势,而峰值应变则呈现出逐渐增大的变化趋势。根据试验数据,得出了再生混凝土抗压强度和峰值应变的函数关系式。

直光纤及螺旋缠绕光纤三维地震响应机制

分布式光纤(DAS)测量轴向应变或应变率,其中直光纤接收的是单分量信号,对垂直于光纤入射的波的响应不敏感,螺旋缠绕光纤可接收多分量信号,可以解决上述响应不敏感问题。首先,分析了直光纤及缠绕角分别为35.3°、54.7°的螺旋缠绕光纤的P波、SV及SH波的理论轴向应变率响应;其次,利用三维弹性有限差分模拟了轴向应变率响应;然后,在地表、水平井、竖直井布设DAS,利用均匀模型、双层模型及西南页岩气模型模拟直光纤、缠绕角分别为35.3°、54.7°的螺旋缠绕光纤的地震响应,并将DAS轴向应变率响应与常规检波器的速度z分量、压力分量对比。结果表明:①直光纤接收单分量信息,在垂直于光纤方向接收的波的响应较弱,而螺旋缠绕光纤接收多分量信息,因此在垂直于光纤方向接收的波的响应较强;②缠绕角为35.3°的螺旋缠绕光纤地震记录中无S波响应,其波形与常规检波器压力分量相似,在成像中可以利用声波方程成像。

非均匀沉降区埋地管道力学响应研究

地层非均匀沉降是埋地管道面临的常见地质灾害之一,影响管道安全运行.为此建立地层沉降区管土耦合模型,研究了地层沉降量、管道壁厚、内压、管材对管道屈曲模式和力学性能的影响.结果表明:地层沉降作用下管道轴向拉伸应变和压缩应变集中在沉降过渡区;沉降量较小时管道表面应变呈波纹状分布,沉降较大时管道产生局部屈曲;相同工况下,薄壁管道易发生屈曲失效,厚壁管道出现波纹状应变分布;随着内压增大,管道屈曲程度逐渐减弱;高钢级管道的屈曲程度越小.

饱和珊瑚砂液化特性动三轴试验研究

为调查饱和珊瑚砂液化相关特性与发展规律,针对饱和Chibishi珊瑚砂,开展一系列不排水循环三轴试验,研究相对密度D r和循环应力比CSR对饱和Chibishi珊瑚砂的超孔隙水压力Δu、轴向应变εa及动强度特性的影响,并分析不同地区珊瑚砂抗液化强度的差异性。结果表明,饱和Chibishi珊瑚砂的Δu发展模式根据不同的CSR水平可以分为前期均匀增长型、前期突增型和后期突增型;此外,采用一种新的孔压模型对前期均匀增长型、前期突增型的孔压比r u进行表征,Chibishi珊瑚砂在相同的D r条件下,双幅应变εDA达到5%的循环次数N随着CSR水平的增加而逐渐减小;各珊瑚砂在同一里氏震级对应的等效循环振动次数下,抗液化强度CRR的增长模式存在显著差异。研究结果可丰富对珊瑚砂液化特征的认知,同时对近岸和沿海工程的抗震设计提供参考依据。

Mechanical Behavior of Polyurethane Polymer Materials under Triaxial Cyclic Loading:A Particle Flow Code Approach

Polyurethane polymer grouting materials were studied with conventional triaxial tests via the particle flow code in two dimensions（PFC^（2D）） method, and the simulation results agreed with the experimental data. The particle flow code method can simulate the mechanical properties of the polymer. The triaxial cyclic loading tests of the polymer material under different confining pressures were carried out via PFC^（2D） to analyze its mechanical performance. The PFC^（2D） simulation results show that the value of the elastic modulus of the polymer decreases slowly at first and fluctuated within a narrow range near the value of the peak strength; the cumulative plastic strain increases slowly at first and then increases rapidly; the peak strength and elastic modulus of polymer increase with the confining pressure; the PFC^（2D） method can be used to quantitatively evaluate the damage behavior of the polymer material and estimate the fatigue life of the materials under fatigue load based on the number and the location of micro-cracks. Thus, the PFC^（2D） method is an effective tool to study polymers.

高层六边形网筒结构变形转角计算方法

为了探究高层六边形网筒结构可靠变形转角对该类结构抗震设计的影响,文中在高层六边形网筒结构主要受力构件基本构成的基础上,提出了一种该类结构变形转角简化计算方法。通过考虑结构弯曲变形和剪切变形的影响,给出了典型六边形细胞单元剪切、弯曲刚度简化计算式,建立了六边形网筒结构子模块的变形转角和腹板角部斜柱轴向应变之间关系。构建一个48层四种不同角度的六边形网筒结构有限元计算模型,在不同荷载作用下进行了结构静力弹性分析。研究结果表明:在33.69°,53.13°,63.43°和69.44°斜柱角度影响下本文所提结构变形转角简化计算结果与有限元模型分析结果误差分别为6%,3%,0.08%和13%;在侧向均布荷载、倒三角形荷载和顶点集中荷载模式下二者误差分别为4%,2%和6%。这说明文中提出的不同斜柱角度和侧向荷载作用下结构子模块变形转角计算方法可行,以期为高层建筑六边形网筒结构抗震设计提供参考。

基于长短期记忆网络的FRP约束混凝土圆柱循环轴压应力-应变预测模型

纤维增强复合材料(Fiber reinforced polymer,FRP)已被广泛应用于既有混凝土结构的加固改造和新建结构中。FRP约束混凝土柱在地震作用下通常会受到轴压的往复循环作用,研究FRP约束混凝土在循环轴压作用下的应力-应变特性对于FRP在实际工程中的应用具有重要意义。该文提出了一种用于建模循环轴压下FRP约束混凝土柱应力-应变特性的神经网络预测模型,该模型采用长短期记忆(Long short-term memory,LSTM)单元对循环应力-应变曲线中的滞回特性进行建模,构件的物理参数被有效地集成在网络的输入中。该模型能以端到端的方式进行高效的训练且不依赖任何专家经验。制作了一个包含166个FRP约束普通混凝土柱的循环轴压数据库,在该数据库上对模型的准确性和鲁棒性进行了充分的评估,结果表明测试集平均预测误差仅为0.32 MPa。此外,对网络结构和超参数的影响进行了详细的讨论,结果表明该模型具有出色的预测性能。

Corvis ST新参数应力-应变指数的研究进展

可视化角膜生物力学分析仪(Corvis ST)是目前评估在体角膜生物力学最常用的临床设备。新参数应力-应变指数(SSI)是近年来临床研究的热点,其不仅可以直接反映角膜生物材料刚度,而且与某些疾病的进展密切相关。SSI是基于使用有限元(FE)数值建模模拟眼内压和Corvis ST喷气效果的角膜行为预测生成的。SSI算法不随着本身中央角膜厚度(CCT)、眼内压以及生物力学矫正眼压(BIOP)的变化而变化,但明显与角巩膜中的胶原纤维改变有关。本文将从SSI的原理、年龄与SSI的关系、眼轴与SSI的关系、近视程度与SSI的关系、SSI的应用等方面进行归纳和总结。

仿木材料抗拉强度与应力-应变曲线试验研究

仿木材料是以氯氧镁水泥为基体,植物纤维为增强体,并添加柠檬酸、酒石酸、六偏磷酸钠搅拌均匀后经高压静置固化成型的无机胶凝材料,为研究其抗拉强度和抗拉本构关系,制作了30个试件进行轴心受拉试验,共采集到22个试件的有效数据。结果表明:仿木材料的轴心抗拉强度为7.98 MPa,变异系数为0.121,抗拉弹性模量为3600 MPa,变异系数为0.089,轴心拉力作用下,材料达到峰值应力后应力迅速下降,试件脆性破坏;根据应力、应变测试结果,拟合得到了材料的轴心抗拉本构关系,可供材料非弹性应用时参考。

膨胀珍珠岩基相变混凝土柱轴压性能研究

相变混凝土受自身相变材料及其吸附材料强度的影响,其力学性能同普通混凝土相比存在差异。研究相变混凝土的轴压性能及其应用,对8根膨胀珍珠岩基相变混凝土柱进行了轴压性能试验,研究了相变骨料掺量、体积配箍率对相变混凝土柱的破坏模式,荷载-应变曲线及轴压承载力的影响。结果表明:膨胀珍珠岩基相变混凝土柱的破坏形态与普通混凝土柱的破坏形态相同。进一步对试件的荷载-应变曲线进行了分析,结果表明:相变混凝土柱的极限承载力和延性随着相变骨料掺量的增加而降低,随着体积配箍率的增加而提高。基于以上结果,采用规范中的相关计算式对试件承载力进行预测,同时基于约束效应和叠加原理,建立了极限承载力计算式,并将两种计算式的误差进行对比。

采用铁素体不锈钢的圆形不锈钢管混凝土柱的设计方法研究

为研究采用铁素体不锈钢的圆形不锈钢管混凝土短柱的轴压性能,首先建立并验证其有限元模型,然后利用该模型创建典型算例数据库。基于算例数据库分析径厚比、名义屈服强度、混凝土强度等参数对其轴压性能的影响规律,并基于该有限元算例数据库验证现有圆钢管混凝土短柱设计方法的有效性。最后建议了采用铁素体不锈钢的圆形不锈钢管混凝土短柱的轴压承载力、轴压刚度和峰值应变的简化模型。简化计算结果和有限元计算结果吻合良好。