Relations of complete creep processes and triaxial stress-strain curves of rock

Based on the results of triaxial compressive creep tests for five kinds of rock under the different stress loading,unloading and cycle-loading-unloading conditions,the creep deformation is not only a function of stress and time,but also it has the corresponding relations to the triaxial stress-strain curves of rock.The deformation properties of soften-strain,harden-strain and ideal plasticity presented by conventional triaxial compressive test curves under the different stress states were utilized,and the creep characteristics,the creep starting stress and the different entire creep process curves of rock were studied systematically according to creep experiment results,and the relations of the triaxial stress-strain curves to the creeping starting stress,the terminating curve,the different creep processes,and the different creep fracture properties were established.The relations presented in this paper were verified partially by the creep experiment results of five types of rock.

ISOCHRONOUS STRESS-STRAIN CURVES OF LOW ALLOY STEEL CROSS-WELD-SPECIMEN AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

In this work, a parametric approach is presented and utilized to determine the creep properties of weldments; then the model of creep strain for cross weld specimen is given. On the basis of the experimental results, attempt has been made to establish equations of the isochronous stress-strain for weld joint that can predict the function of loading and service time in use of the creep data of base metal and weld metal.

The Complete Stress-strain Curve of Recycled Aggregate Concrete under Uniaxial Compression Loading

The mechanical performance of recycled aggregate concrete （RAC） is investigated. An experiment on the complete stress-strain curve under uniaxial compression loading of RAC is carried out. The experimental results indicate that the peak stress, peak strain, secant modulus of the peak point and original point increase with the strength grade of RAC enhanced. On the contrary, the residual stress of RAC decreases with the strength grade enhancing, and the failure of RAC is often broken at the interface between the recycled aggregate and the mortar matrix. Finally, the constitutive model of stress-strain model of RAC has been constituted, and the results from the constitutive model of stress-strain meet the experiment results very well.

Charactersitics of Stress-strain Curve of High Strength Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete under Uniaxial Tension

A whole of 110 specimens divided into 22 groups were tested with varying the volume fraction of steel fibers and the matrix strength of these specimens. The stress-strain behaviors of four types of steel fiber reinforced concrete （SFRC） under uniaxial tension were studied experimentally. When the matrix strength and the fiber content increase, the tensile stress and tensile strain vary differently according to the fiber type. The mechanisms of reinforcing effect for different types of fiber were analyzed and the stress-strain curves of the specimens were plotted. Some experimental factors for stress or strain of SFRC were given. A tensile toughness modulus Re0.5 was introduced to evaluate the toughness characters of SFRC under uniaxial tension. Moreover, the formula of the tensile stress-strain curve of SFRC was regressed. The theoretical curve and the experimental ones fit well, which can be used for references in construction.

On the calibration of a shear stress criterion for rock joints to represent the full stress-strain profile

Conventional numerical solutions developed to describe the geomechanical behavior of rock interfaces subjected to differential load emphasize peak and residual shear strengths.The detailed analysis of preand post-peak shear stress-displacement behavior is central to various time-dependent and dynamic rock mechanic problems such as rockbursts and structural instabilities in highly stressed conditions.The complete stress-displacement surface(CSDS)model was developed to describe analytically the pre-and post-peak behavior of rock interfaces under differential loads.Original formulations of the CSDS model required extensive curve-fitting iterations which limited its practical applicability and transparent integration into engineering tools.The present work proposes modifications to the CSDS model aimed at developing a comprehensive and modern calibration protocol to describe the complete shear stressdisplacement behavior of rock interfaces under differential loads.The proposed update to the CSDS model incorporates the concept of mobilized shear strength to enhance the post-peak formulations.Barton’s concepts of joint roughness coefficient(JRC)and joint compressive strength(JCS)are incorporated to facilitate empirical estimations for peak shear stress and normal closure relations.Triaxial/uniaxial compression test and direct shear test results are used to validate the updated model and exemplify the proposed calibration method.The results illustrate that the revised model successfully predicts the post-peak and complete axial stressestrain and shear stressedisplacement curves for rock joints.

Investigation into the stress-strain curves of deformation-induced ferrite transformation in a low carbon steel

A series of tests of deformation-induced ferrite transformation （DIP-T） in a low carbon steel were carried out by the Gleeble-3500 hot simulation machine at a temperature range of Ae3-Ar3. The overall stress-strain curves during DIFT can be divided into three typical types： ＂double-humped＂,＂ single-humped＂ and ＂transitional＂. The peaks exhibited in the curve are involved with deformation-induced transformation which happened in grains or at the grain boundaries. According to the stress-time curve and strain-time curve, strain capacity dramatically postponed the strain-induced transformation, which leads to the start of the transformation right ahead of the finish of deformation and the majority of the ferrite transformation process mainly happened after the deformation. Deformation-induced transformation is a metadynamic transformation process with dynamic nucleation.

Numerical simulation of the stress-strain curve and the stress and strain distributions of the titanium-duplex alloy

The stress-strain curve of an α-β Ti-8Mn alloy was measured and then it was calculated with finite element method （FEM） based on the stress-strain curves of the single α and β phase alloys. By comparing the calculated stress-strain curve with the measured one, it can be seen that they fit each other very well. Thus, the FE model built in this work is effective. According to the above mentioned model, the distributions of stress and strain in the α and β phases were simulated. The results show that the stress gradients exist in both α and β phases, and the distributions of stress are inhomogeneous. The stress inside the phase is generally higher than that near the interface. Meanwhile, the stress in the α phase is lower than that in the β phase, whereas the strain in the α phase is higher than that in the β phase.

High temperature stress–strain curves of MnS and their applications in finite element simulation

A novel method for testing stress–strain curves of non-metallic materials was presented.The high temperature stress-strain curves of MnS were preliminarily obtained and corrected to account for the influence of friction.Using the finite element method,the influence of deformation parameters on the deformation evolution of MnS inclusions was investigated based on the experimental reference data.The corresponding physical experiment was designed for comparative analysis.The results indicate that the experimental high-temperature deformation data of MnS are highly reliable.In the process of matrix deformation,the shapes of MnS inclusions change from spherical to ellipsoidal and even to lamellar.There are some differences in the morphological deformation of MnS inclusions located at different positions.With the increase in the initial size of MnS inclusions,the risk of failing the inclusion-flaw inspection increases and the forging quality further deteriorates.

Stress-strain Model of Corroded Concrete under Uniaxial Compressive Loading

The prism specimens of corroded concrete were subjected to uniaxial compressive load to develop the stress-strain model. Compared to the un-corroded concrete, the mechanical prop- erties of corroded concrete, such as peak strength, Young＇s modulus, and residual deformation, et al are degraded. The concrete, which were subjected to the aggressive media in the environment, were resulted in randomly distributed pre-loading flaws and defects. The propagation of these corrosion flaws during the procedure of loading was the main reason of degradation of corroded concrete properties. By the application of the statistic theory of continuum damage, the compressive stress-strain curve of corroded concrete was simulated. The initial damage factor was introduced to represent the corrosive effects of different media. The present damage constitutive model agreed well with the test results.

MODELLING OF TENSILE STRESS-STRAIN CURVE OF WOVEN FABRICS

A general shape of tensile stress-strain curves of woven fabrics is first recognised by puttingtested and predicted results together.An exponential function with two parameters is then selectedfor the prediction of tensile stress-strain relationship.The predicted results by using the proposedfunction show excellent agreement with experimental data.

Stress-strain analysis of loess triaxial shear test by PFC^(3D)

In order to compensate for limitations of microscopic study on loess triaxial tests, taking the loess in Longxi area as an example, the authors established the loess triaxial test model by using PFC3D software and simulating tfiaxial shear test under the different confining pressures in 0 kPa, 50 kPa and 300 kPa. Compared with laboratory triaxial shear test, the numerical simulation test has a guiding role in loess mechanical strength analysis.

叶顶间隙对多级轴流压气机性能退化的影响

以某F级燃机压气机为研究对象,考虑燃机实际运行过程中腐蚀和磨损作用导致的压气机叶顶间隙变化,通过三维数值模拟方法开展了不同腐蚀/磨损状态下多级轴流压气机的性能退化机理研究,分析了叶顶间隙变化对多级轴流压气机性能的影响规律。结果表明:叶顶间隙增大会导致压气机特性曲线整体向质量流量减小的方向偏移,使得压气机的质量流量、效率及压比均产生一定程度的衰退;随着叶顶间隙的增大,压气机峰值效率逐渐降低,喘振裕度明显降低;叶顶间隙增大会导致压气机通道内的流动分离加剧,动叶叶顶间隙变化对压气机流动分离的影响更严重;静叶吸力面尾缘附近的流动分离导致形成低马赫数区,同时逆流的低速涡团导致叶根附近的损失显著增大,造成压气机性能衰退。

基于声发射的高强混凝土轴拉与劈拉损伤演化特征

本研究对抗压强度约100 MPa的高强混凝土开展了轴拉和劈拉应力-应变全曲线试验,比较分析了两种试验全过程声发射特征,揭示了高强混凝土轴拉和劈拉破坏机制及损伤模式演化规律。研究表明:轴拉试样在峰值应力后受宏观裂缝不稳定扩展影响易发生偏心受拉,劈拉试样在峰值应力后应变分布较均匀,裂缝扩展较稳定;轴拉试样累计声发射撞击曲线在峰值应力处呈下凸型,而劈拉试样受局部集中应力影响累计声发射撞击曲线呈上凸型;轴拉试样受拉伸应力主导发生破坏,劈拉试样的破坏经历了拉剪混合破坏到拉伸破坏的转变。

基于液压胀破测试方法的聚合物防水膜多轴拉伸性能表征

本研究设计了一种基于液压胀破的多轴拉伸测试装置和数据处理方法,以准确表征聚合物防水膜的拉伸性能。测试结果显示:随着防水膜厚度的增加,拉伸峰值应力降低;随着试件直径的增加,拉伸峰值应力增加;与单轴拉伸相比,多轴拉伸避免了“颈缩”效应,断裂伸长率降低;防水膜的应力-应变曲线符合线性应变强化弹塑性模型,并可通过多轴拉伸试验拟合得到相关参数。结论表明,多轴拉伸方法结果更接近实际工况下的应力-应变响应,可为合理评估防水膜在工程环境中的力学性能提供参考和借鉴。

轴力对预应力高强混凝土管桩抗震性能的影响

目的研究轴力和往复荷载作用下预应力高强混凝土管桩的抗震性能,为预应力高强混凝土管桩的设计和实际工程应用提供参考依据。方法应用ABAQUS有限元软件对预应力高强混凝土管桩进行有限元模拟,并与已有试验结果对比,两者吻合良好,验证了模型的准确性。在此基础上,研究轴压比和有无普通钢筋及普通钢筋直径对预应力高强混凝土管桩滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化、延性及耗能能力的影响。结果配置普通钢筋可以提高预应力高强混凝土管桩的承载能力和延性,对刚度影响不大;随着轴压比的增加,预应力高强混凝土管桩的承载能力逐渐提高,但延性变差,轴压比为0.45时,预应力高强混凝土管桩发生脆性破坏。结论配置普通钢筋可以有效改善预应力高强混凝土管桩的抗震性能,预应力高强混凝土管桩的轴压比不宜超过0.3。

FRP约束UHPC圆形短柱轴心受压性能研究

为研究纤维增强复合材料(FRP)种类、FRP层数和钢纤维体积掺量对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)圆形短柱轴压性能的影响,对21个FRP约束UHPC圆形短柱进行轴心受压试验,分析试件的失效破坏特征及受力机理,研究各参数对试件极限强度和极限应变的影响规律.研究结果表明:FRP层数的增加可以提高UHPC圆形短柱的极限强度,试件C12、C22、C32的极限强度比C11、C21、C31分别提高了17.8%、25.4%、23.4%;钢纤维体积掺量的增加可以使UHPC圆形短柱的极限强度和极限应变得到提高,并可以在一定程度上改善试件的脆性,试件C31的极限强度和极限应变比试件C21分别提高了2.9%和15.1%,比试件C11分别提高了4.7%和50%;在FRP层数和钢纤维体积掺量相同的情况下,碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)对圆形短柱极限强度的改善程度明显优于玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP),试件C11、C12和C13的极限强度比试件G11、G12和G13的分别提高了9.7%、7.8%和7.2%;考虑钢纤维的约束影响,提出FRP约束UHPC圆形短柱的抗压强度和极限应变的计算模型,并进一步给出FRP约束UHPC的本构模型.

相对密实度和固结应力比对北部湾海砂动力特性影响的试验研究

北部湾地区拥有丰富的海洋资源,海洋工程在这一地区的发展日益重要,了解海砂在不同固结应力比和密实度条件下的动力特性,对于海岸线保护、港口建设、堤防工程等都至关重要。为探究北部湾海砂的动力特性,针对北部湾海砂开展了一系列的固结不排水循环动三轴试验,分析了相对密实度和固结应力比对北部湾海砂的轴向累积应变、动弹性模量、动孔压以及滞回曲线的影响。研究表明:在相同振次水平下,随着固结应力比和相对密实度的增大,海砂的轴向累积应变随之减小;动孔压随着固结应力比的增大线性减小,在低相对密实度(Dr≤50%)下,动孔压随振次的增大而增大,在高相对密实度(Dr=70%)下,动孔压随振次先增后减;动弹性模量随着振次的增加出现刚度软化现象,增大相对密实度与固结应力比,较明显地减缓了动弹性模量的衰减速率;随着固结应力比和相对密实度的增大,滞回曲线包围的面积减小,滞回曲线由不封闭曲线转为封闭曲线。这些研究成果可以为北部湾围填海工程提供一定的参考。

基于多轴疲劳理论的冶金起重机主梁母材疲劳失效机理研究

冶金起重机金属结构件的主要失效形式是疲劳破坏,疲劳失效多发于疲劳性能薄弱、应力最大或应力集中处。以往的疲劳研究往往只考虑垂直和水平方向的载荷受力,理论设计疲劳强度余量较大。由于实际工况比较复杂,使用一定年限的冶金起重机母材会出现主梁开裂现象,高温环境下、垂直载荷、水平方向冲击载荷、大车轨道高差、钢丝绳吊载晃动等因素会导致拉伸-扭转多轴疲劳载荷。鉴于此,文中基于实际工况背景,以常用主梁箱体钢结构材料Q345B为研究对象,在实验室进行不同加载参量下的多轴高周疲劳试验,从而研究冶金起重机多轴高周疲劳失效的机理。

对置端曲面齿轮柱塞泵动态特性仿真研究

为了研究对置端曲面齿轮柱塞泵参数对泵动态特性的影响,根据端曲面齿轮柱塞泵工作原理,推导柱塞运动方程。利用Adams与AMESim软件建立对置端曲面齿轮柱塞泵联合仿真模型,通过联合仿真得到不同转速与偏心率下的柱塞泵出口流量与压力的相应曲线。结果表明:转速增大,泵出口流量与压力增大,脉动幅值与脉动频率增大;偏心率增加,泵出口流量与压力增大,脉动幅值增大,脉动频率不变。

仿木材料抗拉强度与应力-应变曲线试验研究

仿木材料是以氯氧镁水泥为基体,植物纤维为增强体,并添加柠檬酸、酒石酸、六偏磷酸钠搅拌均匀后经高压静置固化成型的无机胶凝材料,为研究其抗拉强度和抗拉本构关系,制作了30个试件进行轴心受拉试验,共采集到22个试件的有效数据。结果表明:仿木材料的轴心抗拉强度为7.98 MPa,变异系数为0.121,抗拉弹性模量为3600 MPa,变异系数为0.089,轴心拉力作用下,材料达到峰值应力后应力迅速下降,试件脆性破坏;根据应力、应变测试结果,拟合得到了材料的轴心抗拉本构关系,可供材料非弹性应用时参考。