Selection of shaped charges parameters for producing aluminum particles with velocities in the range of 2.5-16 km/s

Testing rocket and space technology objects in ground conditions for resistance to the impact of meteoroids and fragments of space debris can be carried out using shaped charges. To substantiate the design parameters of shaped charges that ensure the formation of aluminum particles in a wide velocity range(from 2.5 to 16 km/s), numerical modeling of the formation process was carried out within the framework of a two-dimensional axisymmetric problem of continuum mechanics using three different computing codes to increase the reliability of the results. The calculations consider shaped charges with a diameter of 20-100 mm with aluminum liners of various shapes. It is shown that the formation of particles with velocities close to the lower limit of the considered range is ensured by gently sloping segmental liners of degressive thickness. To form higher-velocity particles with velocities over 5 km/s, it is proposed to use combined liners, the jet-forming part of which has the shape of a hemisphere of constant thickness or the shape of a semi-ellipsoid or semi-superellipsoid of rotation of degressive thickness.

The quadratic B-spline curve fitting for the shape of log cross sections

This paper describes a new method for simulation of the cross section shape of log. The self-developed MQK3102 log shape recognizing machine was used to acquire the finite discrete sampling points on the cross section of log and those points were fitted with the quadratic B-spline parametric curve. This method can clearly stimulate the real shape of the log cross section and is characterized by limited sampling points and high speed computing. The computed result of the previous curve does not affect the next one, which may avoid the graphic distortion caused by the accumulative error. The method can be used to simulate the whole body shape of log approximately by sampling the cross sections along the length direction of log, thus providing a reference model for optimum saw cutting of log.

Anti-plane deformations around arbitrary-shaped canyons on a wedge-shape half-space:moment method solutions

The wave propagation behavior in an elastic wedge-shaped medium with an arbitrary shaped cylindrical canyon at its vertex has been studied.Numerical computation of the wave displacement field is carried out on and near the canyon surfaces using weighted-residuals(moment method).The wave displacement fields are computed by the residual method for the cases of elliptic,circular,rounded-rectangular and flat-elliptic canyons,The analysis demonstrates that the resulting surface displacement depends,as in similar previous analyses,on several factors including,but not limited,to the angle of the wedge,the geometry of the vertex,the frequencies of the incident waves,the angles of incidence,and the material properties of the media.The analysis provides intriguing results that help to explain geophysical observations regarding the amplification of seismic energy as a function of site conditions.

ON THE SELECTION OF SHAPE FUNCTION SPACES OF TRIANGULAR PLATE ELEMENTS

Using the method of undetermined coefficients, we construct a set of shape function spaces of nine-node triangular plate elements converging for any meshes, which generalize Spect's element and Veubeke's element.

A Novel Contour Tracing Algorithm for Object Shape Reconstruction Using Parametric Curves

Parametric curves such as Bézier and B-splines, originally developedfor the design of automobile bodies, are now also used in image processing andcomputer vision. For example, reconstructing an object shape in an image,including different translations, scales, and orientations, can be performedusing these parametric curves. For this, Bézier and B-spline curves can be generatedusing a point set that belongs to the outer boundary of the object. Theresulting object shape can be used in computer vision fields, such as searchingand segmentation methods and training machine learning algorithms. Theprerequisite for reconstructing the shape with parametric curves is to obtainsequentially the points in the point set. In this study, a novel algorithm hasbeen developed that sequentially obtains the pixel locations constituting theouter boundary of the object. The proposed algorithm, unlike the methods inthe literature, is implemented using a filter containing weights and an outercircle surrounding the object. In a binary format image, the starting point ofthe tracing is determined using the outer circle, and the next tracing movementand the pixel to be labeled as the boundary point is found by the filter weights.Then, control points that define the curve shape are selected by reducing thenumber of sequential points. Thus, the Bézier and B-spline curve equationsdescribing the shape are obtained using these points. In addition, differenttranslations, scales, and rotations of the object shape are easily provided bychanging the positions of the control points. It has also been shown that themissing part of the object can be completed thanks to the parametric curves.

Nonbinary ldpc-coded probabilistic shaping scheme for MIMO systems based on signal space diversity

This paper first describes a binary Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC)-coded Probabilistic Shaping(PS)scheme for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO)systems based on Signal Space Diversity(SSD).Second,a Nonbinary(NB)LDPC-coded PS scheme for MIMO systems based on SSD is proposed.The first scheme can be used to obtain a shaping gain,whereas the second can also realize a coding gain.The theoretical average mutual information of the optimized rotated quadrature amplitude modulation constellations is analyzed and the simulated error per-formance with 22 and 44 MIMO schemes is investigated.The theoretical average mutual information analysis and simulation results show that the proposed NB LDPC-coded PS scheme for MIMO systems based on SSD is reliable and robust,and is therefore suitable for future wireless communication systems.

A Footpad Structure with Reusable Energy Absorption Capability for Deep Space Exploration Lander:Design and Analysis

The footpad structure of a deep space exploration lander is a critical system that makes the initial contact with the ground,and thereby plays a crucial role in determining the stability and energy absorption characteristics during the impact process.The conventional footpad is typically designed with an aluminum honeycomb structure that dissipates energy through plastic deformation.Nevertheless,its effectiveness in providing cushioning and energy absorption becomes significantly compromised when the structure is crushed,rendering it unusable for reusable landers in the future.This study presents a methodology for designing and evaluating structural energy absorption systems incorporating recoverable strain constraints of shape memory alloys(SMA).The topological configuration of the energy absorbing structure is derived using an equivalent static load method(ESL),and three lightweight footpad designs featuring honeycomb-like Ni-Ti shape memory alloys structures and having variable stiffness skins are proposed.To verify the accuracy of the numerical modelling,a honeycomb-like structure subjected to compression load is modeled and then compared with experimental results.Moreover,the influence of the configurations and thickness distribution of the proposed structures on their energy absorption performance is comprehensively evaluated using finite element simulations.The results demonstrate that the proposed design approach effectively regulates the strain threshold to maintain the SMA within the constraint of maximum recoverable strain,resulting in a structural energy absorption capacity of 362 J/kg with a crushing force efficiency greater than 63%.

新时代思想政治教育空间塑造的实践路向

思想政治教育空间是人类社会实践活动的产物,是物质空间和精神空间的统一。思想政治教育空间塑造旨在推进空间协同、转变空间形态、调整空间结构、调控空间生产等,以实现精神、观念、价值影响的实践。新时代思想政治教育的空间塑造意味着形成共生互构的物理存在空间,营造团结和谐的社会交往空间,涵育立体丰满的精神观念空间,要通过拓展思想政治教育空间思维实现观念塑造,建构思想政治教育空间共同体实现形态塑造,追求人的美好生活和全面发展实现旨向塑造。新时代思想政治教育的空间塑造与时间延展辩证统一,应回应新时代思想政治教育理论发展需要,关照中国式现代化的重大理论和实践问题,为人类文明的发展贡献中国智慧。

Shape Control and Modification of Rational Cubic B-Spline Curves

This paper considers the construction of a rational cubic B-spline curve that willinterpolate a sequence of data points x'+ith specified tangent directions at those points. It is emphasisedthat the constraints are purely geometrical and that the pararnetric tangent magnitudes are notassigned as in many' curl'e manipulation methods. The knot vector is fixed and the unknowns are thecontrol points and x'eightsf in this respect the technique is fundamentally different from otherswhere knot insertion is allowed.First. the theoretical result3 for the uniform rational cubic B-spline are presented. Then. in theplanar case. the effect of changes to the tangent at a single point and the acceptable bounds for thechange are established so that all the weights and tangent magnitUdes remain positive. Finally, aninteractive procedure for controlling the shape of a planar rational cubic B-spline curve is presented.

基于范数灰关联-动态功效系数法的机坪U型区空间效率评估

为了确定机坪U型区空间效率评估指标体系及其指标的重要程度,分别从机坪设计和机坪运行两个维度建立机坪U型区空间效率评估指标体系。基于此提出了基于范数灰关联-动态功效系数法的机坪U型区空间效率评估方法。并以10个国内大型运输机场航站楼对应的U型区机坪为例进行计算,得到了影响机坪U型区空间效率各指标的权重及各机场航站楼对应的U型区机坪的空间效率评分。提出在U型区设计时应着重考虑指廊边机位个数、U型区指廊纵深和U型区底边长度3个指标。结果表明,该方法能够较为科学地对机坪U型区空间效率影响因素进行综合分析,有效评判不同构型机坪U型区空间效率。

基于科教融合的行为舒适型微型建筑空间设计研究

高密度城市中的微型居住空间能够在一定程度上解决中低收入人口或流动人口的居住问题。但狭小的空间会造成居住者在行动方面的困难。这种困难即行为上的不舒适问题,可能会导致久坐、久躺等不良生活方式的形成,进而影响居住者的身体健康。因此,本文以科教融合的方式进行研究,依据人体生理行为上的特点,提出一种能够提升身体活动舒适性的微型居住空间设计方法,进而促进居室空间形态的个性化生成和学生建筑设计能力的培养。

长江漫滩区深大异形基坑施工对紧邻特大型桥梁影响及变形控制研究

随着地下空间资源的开发利用,越来越多深基坑呈现出开挖深、规模大、形状不规则等特点,其支护结构设计复杂,施工难度大,具有明显的空间效应。笔者等以南京地铁某基坑工程为例,分析基坑施工对邻近桥梁的影响。其场区位于长江下游漫滩相二元结构地层分布地段,上部软土层厚度大,下部承压含水层地下水位高、水量丰富,地质条件复杂,该基坑为典型的深大异形基坑,距离某大桥的双曲拱引桥仅为7.2 m,由于之前桥梁已遭受其他地下工程施工产生的较大变形,所以后续工程对其影响变形控制要求极高。为此,该车站基坑支护结构设计基于地下空间实际功能采用设置分隔墙分区开挖及MJS超深工法墙综合变形控制方案。笔者等通过有限元数值模拟计算,开展复杂环境下基坑开挖引起的围护结构及桥梁桩基的变形预测分析,计算结果显示,该深大狭长异形基坑开挖对邻近桥梁沉降变形影响显著,通过设置分隔墙分区开挖及MJS工法墙进行变形控制,能够较好地控制基坑的空间效应,减少“长边效应”、“异形效应”等对桥梁沉降变形的影响。通过现场基坑开挖过程实际监测结果,验证这一综合变形控制方案的可行性。该研究成果对于类似复杂地质条件下深大狭长异形基坑的支护及施工设计具有很好的借鉴意义。

数字技术助推职业教育精细化治理:内涵、机制和路径

职业教育精细化治理,是新时期职业教育治理体系和治理能力走向深化后需关注的重点方向和发展趋势。数字技术是职业教育精细化治理的重要物质保障。职业教育数字技术遵循“共性+个性”“云+网+端”“教师+教材+教法”“虚拟+现实”四大作用机制。数字技术助推职业教育精细化治理,应提升数字技术推进精细化的行动认知,搭建职业教育精细化治理的“数治职教”,健全数字制度规范激活多元主体协同治理,优化技术在精细化治理中的监督保障。

Analysis on the Protection of Settlement Shape in Sichuan

This article elaborated the characteristics of settlement shape in detail with examples. Aiming at the negative effects on settlement shape by construction, we put forward some measures, such as respect for ecological environment, selection mode of space development, protection of historical features, and excavation of culture connotation, so as to realize the protection of settlement shape.

基于空间向量角的乳房形态分类与文胸合体性评估

采用空间向量角来表征乳房形态,提出了一种青年女性乳房三维形态分类方法。首先获取209名18~25岁青年女性的乳房三维点云数据,并构建了6个乳房形态空间向量角作为聚类指标,采用k-means聚类,以手肘法确定最佳聚类数,运用学习向量量化神经网络(Learning vector quantization, LVQ)构建乳房形态判别模型,实现女性乳房形态的细分与判别。对细分后的乳房类型制作相应的文胸样板,通过虚拟试衣和实物试穿进行合体性评估,结果表明:青年女性乳房占比最多的为70B文胸号型,乳房细分为适中内敛型、平坦低胸位型、丰满外扩型。构建的LVQ神经网络青年女性乳房形态判别模型,准确率达93.33%。数字化服装压力和真实试穿实验表明,细分后的文胸合体性得到了有效提高,为不同类型乳房的文胸合体性结构设计提供参考。

星载共口径多波束赋形反射面天线设计

为了满足星载通信中多任务并行需求,提出了一种由格里高利型反射面和三个馈源喇叭天线组成的共口径多波束反射面天线,该天线能够产生两个固定轮廓波束和一个点波束。天线设计是采用射线追踪法确定点波束馈源位置以建立天线基础结构,并通过Zernike多项式和Cubic B-splines函数共同对主、副反射面进行赋形优化来完成。为了验证该方法的有效性,对口径为1.1 m的天线进行仿真设计,结果表明两个赋形轮廓波束在Ku收、发频段边缘增益(EOC gain)分别为27.7、28.0、28.0、28.2 dBi,固定点波束在服务区EOC gain不低于34 dBi并且在0~6.5°范围内的扫描波束增益不低于35 dBi。

城市居住区三维绿色空间影响空气温湿度的机制研究

以郑州市居住区为例,采用手持式路昌LM-8000四合一环境测量仪,对郑州市区中不同方位、不同高度、不同布局形式分类的6个居住区微气候环境进行观测,对气温、相对湿度等气象数据进行分析,并探讨绿色空间布局形式影响空气温湿度的机制。结果表明:居住区白天相对湿度的变化幅度高于温度;测量日内,高层小区和多层小区的温湿度达到最大值的时间不同;在静风条件下,植物蒸散和阴影影响的范围为10~50 m,相对湿度的影响范围为10~50 m;居住区相对湿度最小值、均值分别与测点10 m范围内绿色空间的分形维数有关;相对湿度最大值与50 m范围内绿色空间的形状指数有关;白天时段,湿度的变化与50 m范围内的形状指数和连接度指数有关。

大跨度异形空间钢桁架安全吊装施工技术

钢桁架具有结构跨度大、异形、施工复杂且常规设备难以完成整体吊装等特点,制定合适的吊装方案是保证钢桁架结构质量和安全的关键。吊装方案的选取需要综合考虑钢桁架吊装过程中结构的应力比和变形、运输难度、高空焊接量、安全性等因素。该文以“中国传感器十大园区”——重庆市传感器特色产业基地暨西部(重庆)科学城北碚园区主出入口大跨度钢结构桁架安装为例,对比分析了各种吊装方案的优缺点。对比发现分三段吊装方案对吊装设备和场地要求低,吊装危险性较低,可实施性较好。在此基础上,结合现场施工环境和工期成本,对大跨度异形钢桁架分段吊装的整体施工流程、施工工艺、技术要点等进行了详细介绍。该工程对大跨度异形钢桁架吊装方案的尝试,为相关复杂工程的吊装方案提供了一定的借鉴。

基于空间句法的罗城古镇街巷空间结构解读

本文基于空间句法理论,完善罗城古镇街巷空间的量化研究。选取关键性指标,对古镇的街巷空间结构进行解读。结果显示:1.船型街是罗城古镇的线状空间组构核心,以船型街为代表的主街空间活力高,街道功能属性多元,反映其场所记忆;2.历史文化节点多围绕船型街进行布置,反映了古镇历史、经济、文化活动的状况;3.罗城古镇的空间组织和生长逻辑受商业活动的影响重大,二者相互促进,形成如今的空间格局。最后,文章提出了保持风貌、再现场景的旅游开发策略。

基于栖息地营建的上海浦东张家浜楔形绿地生物多样性保护研究

在城市化导致超大城市生态环境恶化、生物多样性丧失的背景下,规划总面积约14.5km2的上海浦东张家浜楔形绿地,作为上海开发时间最早、规模体量最大、完成度最高的楔形绿地之一,是确保中心城生态质量,丰富生境系统,加强生物多样性保护的重要载体。文章结合绿地总体功能布局,规划构建森林和林地、湿地和水生栖息地、草甸开放栖息地等生态类型,结合目标物种的觅食、防御和筑巢等需求,提出密林地、疏林地、开阔水域、草地灌丛、溪流、矮草甸、湿塘等生境单元,营造适宜目标物种的近自然、多样化生境,并对绿地的人工设施营建和人为干扰也提出了具体控制要求。