Nonlinear robust adaptive control for bidirectional stabilization system of all-electric tank with unknown actuator backlash compensation and disturbance estimation

Since backlash nonlinearity is inevitably existing in actuators for bidirectional stabilization system of allelectric tank,it behaves more drastically in high maneuvering environments.In this work,the accurate tracking control for bidirectional stabilization system of moving all-electric tank with actuator backlash and unmodeled disturbance is solved.By utilizing the smooth adaptive backlash inverse model,a nonlinear robust adaptive feedback control scheme is presented.The unknown parameters and unmodelled disturbance are addressed separately through the derived parametric adaptive function and the continuous nonlinear robust term.Because the unknown backlash parameters are updated via adaptive function and the backlash effect can be suppressed successfully by inverse operation,which ensures the system stability.Meanwhile,the system disturbance in the high maneuverable environment can be estimated with the constructed adaptive law online improving the engineering practicality.Finally,Lyapunov-based analysis proves that the developed controller can ensure the tracking error asymptotically converges to zero even with unmodeled disturbance and unknown actuator backlash.Contrast co-simulations and experiments illustrate the advantages of the proposed approach.

Robust adaptive precision motion control of tank horizontal stabilizer based on unknown actuator backlash compensation

Backlash nonlinearity inevitably exists in the actuator of tank horizontal stabilizer and has adverse effect on the system control performance,however,how to effectively eliminate its effect remains a pending issue.To solve this problem,a robust adaptive precision motion controller is presented in this paper to address uncertainties and unknown actuator backlash of tank horizontal actuator.The controller handles the modeling uncertainties including parameter uncertainties and unmodeled disturbances by integrating adaptive feedforward compensation and continuous nonlinear robust law.Based on the backstepping method,a smooth backlash inverse model is constructed by combining the adaptive idea.Meanwhile,the unknown backlash parameters of the system can be approximated through the parameter adaptation,and the impact of the actuator backlash nonlinearity is effectively compensated via the inverse operation,which can availably improve the tracking performance.Moreover,the adaptive law can update the disturbance ranges of tank horizontal stabilizer online in real time,which enhances the feasibility in practical engineering applications.Furthermore,the stability analysis based on Lyapunov function shows that with the existence of unmodeled disturbances and unknown actuator backlash,the designed controller guarantees excellent asymptotic output tracking performance.Extensive comparative results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Backlash Nonlinear Compensation of Servo Systems Using Backpropagation Neural Networks

Aim To eliminate the influences of backlash nonlinear characteristics generally existing in servo systems, a nonlinear compensation method using backpropagation neural networks(BPNN) is presented. Methods Based on some weapon tracking servo system, a three layer BPNN was used to off line identify the backlash characteristics, then a nonlinear compensator was designed according to the identification results. Results The simulation results show that the method can effectively get rid of the sustained oscillation(limit cycle) of the system caused by the backlash characteristics, and can improve the system accuracy. Conclusion The method is effective on sloving the problems produced by the backlash characteristics in servo systems, and it can be easily accomplished in engineering.

Adaptive Nonlinear PID Control and Rule-Based Compensation for Systems with Backlash

The control of dynamic nonlinear systems with unknown backlash was considered. By using an efficient approach to estimate the unknown backlash parameters, a rule? based backlash compensator was presented for canceling the effect of backlash. Adaptive nonlinear PID controller together with rule? based backlash compensator was developed and a satisfactory tracking performance was achieved. Simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.

基于Backlash描述函数的神经网络迟滞非线性模型

利用Backlash描述函数的实部和虚部构造一个函数,将其进行叠加,从而建立了一个新颖的迟滞非线性模型。以所建模型的输出作为神经网络的输入信号之一,建立了一个神经网络迟滞模型。实验结果验证了所提模型的有效性。

Predictive control for mechanical system with backlash based on hybrid model

The mechanical system with backlash is distinguished between a＂backlash mode＂and a＂contact mode＂.The inherent switching between the two operating modes makes the system a prime example of hybrid system.For eliminating the bad effect of backlash, a piecewise affine（PWA） model of the mechanical servo system with backlash is built.The optimal control of constrained PWA system is obtained by taking advantage of model predictive control（MPC） method, and the explicit solution of MPC in a look-up table form is figured out by combining the dynamic programming and multi-parametric quadratic programming, thereby establishing an explicit hybrid model predictive controller.Furthermore, a piecewise quadratic（PWQ） function for guaranteeing the stability of closed-loop control is found by formulating the search of PWQ function as a semi-definite programming problem.In the tracking experiments, it is demonstrated that the explicit hybrid model predictive controller has a good traction control effect on the mechanical system with backlash.The error meets the demands of real system.Further, compared to the direct on-line computation, the computation burden is reduced by the explicit solution, thereby being suitable for real-time control of system with short sampling time.

Grazing bifurcation analysis of a relative rotation system with backlash non-smooth characteristic

Grazing bifurcation of a relative rotation system with backlash non-smooth characteristic is studied along with the change of the external excitation in this paper. Considering the oil film, backlash, time-varying stiffness and time-varying error, the dynamical equation of a relative rotation system with a backlash non-smooth characteristic is deduced by applying the elastic hydrodynamic lubrication（EHL） and the Grubin theories. In the process of relative rotation, the occurrence of backlash will lead to the change of dynamic behaviors of the system, and the system will transform from the meshing state to the impact state. Thus, the zero-time discontinuous mapping（ZDM） and the Poincare mapping are deduced to analyze the local dynamic characteristics of the system before as well as after the moment that the backlash appears（i.e.,the grazing state）. Meanwhile, the grazing bifurcation mechanism is analyzed theoretically by applying the impact and Floquet theories. Numerical simulations are also given, which confirm the analytical results.

Backlash analysis of a new planetary gearing with internal gear ring

Due to low carrying capacity and short life of current ring reducer,we proposed a new planetary gearing with internal gear ring,which consisted of two stages.One was an involute planetary drive and the other was an N-type planetary drive with small teeth difference.The kinematic calculation was conducted based on the analysis of structural composition and working principle.Formulas of backlash calculation for the new planetary gearing were derived by using probabilistic theory and the analytical model was created at the same time.Then,main factors that affect the systematic backlash were introduced and the effects of manufacture error,misaligments and roller bearing parameters on the distribution of backlash were presented.The influence of gear backlash on systematic return difference was performed based on the backlash mathematic model proposed.The results show that the backlash is a little large,of which the backlash of bearing takes a greater part than two gearing stages.So we presented some practical methods to reduce the systematic backlash.

Decentralized adaptive fuzzy control of time-delayed interconnected systems with unknown backlash-like hysteresis

The problem of decentralized adaptive fuzzy control for a class of time-delayed interconnected nonlinear systems with unknown backlash-like hystersis is discussed. On the basis of the principle of variable structure control （VSC） and by using the fuzzy systems with linear adjustable parameters that are used to approximate plant unknown functions, a novel decentralized adaptive fuzzy control strategy with a supervisory controller is developed. A general method, which is modeled the backlash-like hysteresis, is proposed and removes the assumption that the boundedness of disturbance, and the slope of the backlash-like hystersis are known constants. Furthermore, the interconnection term is supposed to be pth-order polynomial in time-delayed states. In addition, the plant dynamic uncertainty and modeling errors are adaptively compensated by adjusting the parameters and gains on-line for each subsystems. By theoretical analysis, it is shown that the closed-loop fuzzy control systems are globally stable, with tracking error converging to zero. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.

Backlash Error Measurement and Compensation on the Vertical Machining Center

The position errors in the axis direction of a vertical machine center have been measured by means of the VM101 linear encored measurement system. The character of the backlash error is discussed;results show that the backlash error has great influence on the position error. The position accuracy is enhanced after the backlash errors are compensated.

基于电动方向盘的拖拉机自动导航转向控制方法

为提高轮式拖拉机自动导航过程中转向控制的精度与稳定性,该研究以雷沃欧豹M704-2H拖拉机作为试验平台,采用电动方向盘作为转向执行机构,分析转向机械间隙对控制精度的影响,针对转向间隙特性设计转向控制算法。首先,为了获得准确的转向角,利用GNSS(global navigation satellite system)与二轮车模型快速标定虚拟轮转角,标定结果表明:虚拟轮转角的最大误差为1.3°,平均误差为0.11°。然后,对转向系统的机械间隙进行分析,设计一种带有间隙补偿的模糊PD(proportional derivative)转向控制算法,并在Simulink中验证算法的可行性。实车试验结果表明,该算法跟踪方波转角信号的响应时间为1.1 s,最大稳态误差为0.65°,平均稳态绝对误差为0.132°。跟踪正弦波转角信号的平均延时为0.5 s,最大误差为1.91°,平均绝对误差为1.09°。与无间隙补偿算法相比,有间隙补偿算法跟踪方波信号最大稳态误差减小了0.022°,平均稳态绝对误差减少了0.112°,角度误差在±0.2°内的时间提升了71%;跟踪正弦波信号最大误差减小了0.68°,平均绝对误差减小0.23°。田间直线导航转向控制试验结果表明,转角跟踪的绝对平均误差为0.61°,最大跟踪误差为2.82°,转向控制跟踪精度较高,稳定性好,满足导航作业需求。

双曲型法向圆弧齿轮传动的动力学分析

为探究啮合刚度、传动误差及侧隙对双曲型法向圆弧齿轮传动动态响应的影响,建立齿轮副的动力学方程,并在数值计算的基础上进行仿真分析。运用有限元方法,计算接触位置处的载荷及变形,并对时变啮合刚度、静态传动误差和侧隙进行量化分析。仿真结果表明:对振动位移响应影响最大的是侧隙,其次是时变啮合刚度;对动态啮合力影响最大的则是时变啮合刚度和侧隙。

全齿轮耦合机器人齿侧间隙建模与公差仿真

鉴于全齿轮耦合机器人齿轮传动链长、反转频率高的特点,分析机器人的结构和传动原理.为了减小侧隙对机器人传动精度的影响,提出齿侧间隙理论建模及三维公差仿真分析方法.针对驱动端的圆柱齿轮机构,对齿侧间隙进行理论建模和公差仿真分析,两者相吻合.针对关节处的圆锥齿轮机构,提出将圆锥齿轮副等效为假想圆柱齿轮副的侧隙建模方法,与公差仿真分析结果吻合.以机器人肩关节偏摆传动链为分析对象计算机器人末端误差,为了降低齿侧间隙及其导致的传动链回程误差,提出圆锥齿轮加垫的计算方法和电机转角补偿方法,通过实验验证该补偿方法的有效性.

外啮合液压齿轮马达输出特性的统一简约式

为正确认识任意侧隙大小/偏置卸荷槽不同类型下齿轮马达的输出特性,基于啮合齿廓/输出特性不同的啮合线区间,以衡量侧隙大小的类型值和双卸荷槽对称线与齿轮副中心线的偏置值为变量,构建出转速/转矩等输出特性的统一简约式。结果表明,输出转速/转矩曲线可以由啮合齿廓的啮合转速/转矩曲线,通过输出特性啮合线区间的截取而直接得到;对称卸荷槽类型下的均值转速最小,均值转矩最大,转速/转矩的脉动系数最小;小侧隙较大的卸荷槽偏置范围和调速/调矩范围更大;小侧隙和对称卸荷槽类型的均值转速更小,均值转矩更大,转速/转矩的脉动系数更小;马达转矩脉动式与齿轮泵流量脉动式完全一致;转矩脉动系数略小于转速脉动系数,大齿数情况下可近似为相等;追求高转速时,应选用大侧隙和卸荷槽极限偏置的类型组合;追求大转矩或高输出脉动质量时,应选用小侧隙和对称卸荷槽的类型组合等。得出的输出特性的获取方法更简单、原理更清晰、形式更简洁、结果更可靠。

不同侧隙卸荷槽时齿轮泵理论流量的创新计算

为克服齿轮泵理论流量、排量及脉动系数计算方法的局限性与复杂性,从一个完整啮合齿面所产生的理论齿面流量入手,提出双卸荷槽间距内的理论齿面流量即为泵理论输出流量的新方法。以1.0和0.5代表侧隙的有和无,双卸荷槽对称线相对于齿轮副中心线的无量纲不对称宽度为变量,构建出理论输出流量特性的相关简洁式。结果表明:同等侧隙类型下无卸荷槽与单侧卸荷槽下的理论排量相同,有侧隙、单侧卸荷槽下的类型系数经典式确实有误;无侧隙、对称卸荷槽类型下的理论排量更大,流量脉动更小,但困油现象更严重;尤其单侧卸荷槽下的流量脉动很大和困油现象很严重,不建议采用等。本文提出的新方法原理更清晰,公式更简洁,结果更可靠,通用性更强。

机器人用同轴磁性齿轮若干基本特性分析及其数值计算

机器人用同轴磁性齿轮受其固有特性的限制,目前难以直接应用于工业机器人,其力矩密度、传动比、空程、背隙和扭转刚度、稳定工作区等关键基本特性的研究尚存不足。为此,以国家标准规定的型14谐波齿轮性能为参考对象,采用类比的方法,运用相关电磁学理论,对与其同等空间大小的同轴磁性齿轮相关性能及其数值计算方法、稳定性以及伺服电动机和同轴磁性齿轮的一体化集成技术进行了研究和对比,指出了扭转刚度不足是制约同轴磁性齿轮用于机器人的关键因素,明确了未来机器人同轴磁性齿轮伺服控制的研究重点。

基于FA-PID算法的电动舵机多非线性系统研究

针对制导炮弹电动舵机常规建模时常将各部分视为线性环节,且采用传统三闭环PID算法无法解决复杂非线性系统的高频响、低超调等问题。本研究充分考虑了舵机系统内部的电机、死区齿隙与LuGre摩擦等非线性环节,搭建了电动舵机的多非线性控制系统,根据舵偏角运动方向的非单一性,设计了电机的正反转逻辑换相判别模块,并在电动舵机的位置环中引入了模糊自适应PID(FA-PID)智能算法。结果表明:采用FA-PID算法相比于传统PID控制对小角度位置响应的延迟时间下降了约0.49%,上升时间下降了约6.91%,峰值时间下降了约39.94%,稳态误差下降了约94.44%,且进一步通过小角度方波/正弦位置跟踪研究同样可以得出该算法的快速性与鲁棒性。

尾减速器轴承预紧对锥齿轮接触印痕和齿隙的影响规律研究

尾减速器是直升机传动系统的重要部件,轴承预紧是尾减速器装配的关键环节,直接影响直升机尾旋翼的平稳性、寿命及噪声。根据轴承支撑构型建立预紧螺栓的受力模型,得到螺栓的拧紧力矩及施加在支撑面上的轴向力;基于受力关系建立尾减速器轴承预紧有限元分析模型,根据分析结果提取了锥齿轮副的安装误差,处理得到:弧齿锥齿轮副的齿面间隙随着力矩的增大而减小,印痕位置随着力矩的增大有逐渐向大端移动的趋势;试验结果与有限元计算结果吻合性较强,方法可进一步推广到其他类型减速器中。

电动舵机内部扰动分析及建模

电动舵机中的减速机构通常会引入齿隙和摩擦等非线性内部扰动,此类非线性扰动会对电动舵机的动、静态性能造成一定影响。针对电动舵机减速器造成的内部扰动进行了分析,为了解除两级减速器内部的耦合关系,将其分为2个部分分别进行建模,再进行串联仿真。基于蜗轮蜗杆减速器建立了随外部负载变化的非线性摩擦模型,基于圆柱齿轮减速器建立了包含非线性力矩传递特性的齿隙模型。通过将模型仿真结果与舵机实测结果进行对比,确认了模型与舵机具有相同的非线性特性,验证了电动舵机内部扰动的来源,并为舵机控制算法的研究提供了良好的平台。

政策反噬与认同危机:对易地搬迁社区内生性治理失效的一种解释

内生性治理是激发乡村振兴活力的关键主题,也是推进中国式现代化的转型导向。基于政策反噬与认同危机的分析框架,解码易地搬迁社区内生性治理失效的肇因。研究发现:第一,资源匮乏型地区基层政府对资源输入需求更甚,在压力型体制与政绩锦标赛中,基层政府通过主动加码下的运动式应对来实现虚高绩效,从而置换更多下沉资源,这一过程不仅忽视了激发社区内生动力的实际需求,而且在后续政策红利退出后,政策的“外助力”转向“反噬力”。第二,外部空间环境、农户个体价值与社区组织秩序是农户在融入社区的不同阶段所需的三个支点,在实践中,空间转变与价值断裂使农户陷入“二元模糊”的初阶认同危机,继而削弱了对新秩序重构的组织化动能,秩序真空进一步带来进阶认同危机。第三,认同危机阻断了社区自治体系重建的实现路径,而政策对社区转型偏差的厘正作用并未发挥,共同引致了社区内生性治理失效,这为观察和理解易地搬迁社区治理转型及其自发秩序的形成提供了新的视角。