Study on Backward Scattering Characteristics of Submicron Particles

In production and scientific research, the research on the characteristics of submicron particles has attracted extensive attention, which is of great significance to the development of industrial production, medical and health inspection and other fields. In this paper, the characteristics of submicron particles are studied based on backlight scattering. By collecting the real-time waveform of the backscattering signal of particles with different particle sizes at different concentrations, the corresponding relationship between the particle concentration and the number of pulses was obtained. It is found that the peak value of the backscattered light energy has a good linear relationship with the particle size. The analysis of the signal distribution law of standard particle swarm with different particle size parameters found that it conformed to the lognormal distribution form.

In-plane bistatic backward scattering from seabottom with randomly inhomogeneous sediment and rough interface

The in-plane bistatic backward scattering caused by seabottom with random inhomogeneities and rough interface is studied. This work combines the ray tube integral method of Ivakin et al. and the complex-ray/steepest descent method of Hines. For a given incident grazing angle, the theoretical expression can easily be used to calculate scattering strength for different backward scattering angles. (This is essential for modeling shallow water reverberation by the normal mode approach.) The model is tested against published scattering measurements. The frequency/angle dependence of backward scattering and effects of volume inhomogeneity parameters on backward scattering are also discussed.

Solution of scattering from rough surface with a 2D target above it by a hybrid method based on the reciprocity theorem and the forward-backward method

This paper proposes a hybrid method based on the forward-backward method （FBM） and the reciprocity theorem （RT） for evaluating the scattering field from dielectric rough surface with a 2D target above it. Here, the equivalent electric/magnetic current densities on the rough surface as well as the scattering field from it are numerically calculated by FBM, and the scattered field from the isolated target is obtained utilizing the method of moments （MOM）. Meanwhile, the rescattered coupling interactions between the target and the surface are evaluated employing the combination of FBM and RT. Our hybrid method is first validated by available MOM results. Then, the functional dependences of bistatic and monostatic scattering from the target above rough surface upon the target altitude, incident and scattering angles are numerically simulated and discussed. This study presents a numerical description for the scattering mechanism associated with rescattered coupling interactions between a target and an underlying randomly rough surface.

Evaluation of corneal backward light scattering in type 2 diabetes mellitus

AIM:To compare the corneal backward light scattering values in type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)patients with those of age and sex-matched healthy controls.METHODS:The study included 30 patients(30 eyes)with type 2 DM and 30 control subjects(30 eyes).Duration of diabetes,most recent hemoglobin A1c levels,along with the status of diabetic retinopathy,and existing medical treatment of all subjects were recorded.All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination.In addition,backward light scattering(densitometry)was measured to assess changes in corneal transparency using tomography(Pentacam HR).RESULTS:The type 2 DM patients included 12 males and 18 females and control subjects included 16 males and 14 females.The age was 50.40±7.80y(range:40-68y)of the diabetic group and 49.30±9.50y(rang:40-73y)of control group.The diabetic group demonstrated significantly higher mean densitometry values of the anterior(6-10 mm)zone(P=0.047),the total anterior layer(P=0.036)and the total cornea(P=0.043)than control group.The corneal densitometry of the diabetic eyes demonstrated no significant correlation with hemoglobin A1c levels and DM duration.CONCLUSION:Diabetic group has higher densitometry in anterior corneal(6-10 mm)zone,total anterior cornea,and total cornea and with no correlation with hemoglobin A1c levels and DM duration.

High Resolution Crossed Beams Scattering Study of the F＋HD→DF＋H Reaction

Crossed beams scattering study was carried out on the F＋HD→DF＋H reaction using high- resolution H-atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight technique. Vibrational state-resolved differential cross sections were measured, with partial rotational state resolution, at eight collision energies in the range of 2.51-5.60 kJ/mol. Experimental results indicated that the product angular distributions are predominantly backward scattered. As the collision energy increases, the backward scattered peak becomes broader gradually. Dependence of product vibration branching ratios on the collision energy was also determined. The experimental results show that the DF products are highly inverted in the vibrational state distribution and the DF （v＇=3） product is the most populated state. Furthermore, the DF （v＇=l） product has also been observed at collision energy above 3.97 kJ/mol.

空天双基地雷达海杂波建模与分析

空天双基地雷达作为一种新兴的天基雷达体制,发射机置于卫星上,接收机采用飞行器,极大地克服了传统单基地天基雷达空间传输损耗过大的问题,但其杂波特性更加复杂。对空天双基地雷达海杂波特性进行了分析,首先分析了空天双基地雷达的几何构型,然后基于海杂波双基散射系数和运动特性因素构建了海杂波空时数学模型,最后结合理论与仿真结果阐释了空天双基海杂波特性,为空天双基地雷达杂波抑制技术研究提供了参考。

基于光散射技术的两种能见度探测方法的比较分析

为了提高大气能见度的仪器探测水平,并验证自行研制的车载式拉曼激光雷达探测大气水平能见度的可靠性,使用1种基于可见光波段的前向散射能见度仪,与基于后向散射原理的拉曼激光雷达进行了联合试验,对两者测量结果,进行了分析和讨论,结果表明这两种探测手段具有较高的相关性。同时,通过对前向散射原理的探讨,为能见度仪的国产化提供了参考,也检验了国内首台车载式拉曼激光雷达在测量能见度方面的可靠性,扩展了它的应用领域。

距离选通成像实现过程中若干问题的探讨

距离选通成像是解决水下激光微光成像后向散射噪声行之有效的方法之一。距离选通成像系统中蓝绿激光光源的脉冲特性、单脉冲能量及选通成像器件的选通性能将决定距离选通成像的距离分辨、探测距离等性能;距离选通成像过程中选通控制器与选通像增强器的直接电连接,将产生严重的干扰脉冲,影响距离选通成像的实现。在分析距离选通成像机理及距离选通水下成像系统方案的基础上,研究确定了蓝绿激光光源和选通成像器件的性能要求及技术指标;提出了激光脉冲同步距离选通成像方法,有效解决了距离选通成像中的干扰现象。在由国产蓝绿激光光源及选通像增强器构成的水下激光微光成像实验平台上实现了稳定的距离选通成像。

水下探测光电成像技术及其进展

阐述了激光主动照明选通成像的原理。针对水下成像系统对光电接收器件和照明光源性能的要求,介绍了当前主要成像器件的特性和在选通成像系统中的优缺点。重点分析了ICCD光电接收器件的选通性能和特点,列举了几种先进的ICCD系统的性能参数。对其它几种水下成像系统的性能参数进行了简单的介绍和对比,分析了今后成像器件的发展方向。

海杂波统计特性分析

分析了海杂波背景下的目标检测的困难,研究了后向散射系数在海杂波的各个散射区中的性质,列举分析了几种常用的海杂波后向散射系数理论模型,重点分析了海杂波幅度特性和海杂波相关特性,不但有助于设计和实现雷达滤波器,而且有助于提高抑制杂波的能力以及保证雷达应有的探测性能。

布里渊散射在水下激光成像探测中的应用

水下光电成像探测是声纳技术的一种有效补充,然而水下激光成像的后向散射效应严重影响了水下光电成像探测的分辨能力与探测距离。基于激光水下传输的布里渊散射理论,分析了蓝绿激光及其布里渊散射水下传输特性,研究了基于光子晶体滤波器的布里渊散射频移检出技术,设计了同步扫描布里渊散射水下成像装置以及距离选通布里渊散射水下成像装置,以布里渊散射频移的空间分布替代场景反射光强度的空间分布进行水下成像探测,高效抑制水下激光成像后向散射噪声,提高成像探测的作用距离。布里渊散射水下激光成像探测机理的探索将为水下目标光电成像探测技术的发展开辟新的途径。

运动目标激光图像获取及后向散射抑制算法研究

基于距离选通的激光主动成像在大气条件下对静止目标成像时具有分辨率高、作用远距离等优点,但是对运动目标成像时,为了跟踪运动中的目标,距离选通门宽相应增加,进而引起后向散射。文中分析了基于距离选通的激光主动成像系统,在此基础上引入距离信息实时跟踪运动目标,研究了不同选通门宽引起的后向散射对图像质量的影响,提出采用提升小波变换引入同态滤波,将后向散射引起的噪声作为低频成分,利用高通滤波对小波变换系数进行处理。结果表明,提出的算法取得了良好的后向散射抑制效果,基本消除了后向散射的影响,将后向散射噪声在整幅图像中的比例由66%降低到1%以下。

尾流后向散射光功率衰减特性研究

依据Mie理论光散射在0°和180°有明显增强的结论,应用自行设计的模拟尾流后向散射光功率实验系统在632.8nmHeNe激光器直接照明和扩束后照明两种条件下,对模拟尾流后向散射光功率衰减特性进行了研究.结果表明,用后向散射光功率进行探测时,考虑到散射光在水中传播的衰减,对近距离分布的气泡,使用扩束光照明效果较好;对较远距离分布的气泡,使用细光束照明效果较好,其可探测的距离要比扩束光远.

油砂混合水体后向散射系数光谱贡献分离算法Ⅰ:实验理论

在石油类污染水体中,油会吸附在悬浮颗粒物表面而形成一个双层结构,影响水体后向散射系数光谱特征,分离水体石油类物质与悬浮颗粒物对后向散射系数光谱的贡献,能提高水体石油类污染后向散射理论模型的准确性。将美国Wyatt公司生产DAWN HELEOSⅡ18角度散射测量仪、美国SEQUOIA公司生产的LISST-100xB粒径仪和美国Hobilabs公司的后向散射仪HydroScat-6Sprctral Backscattering Sensor(HS6)联动观测,构成后向散射系数光谱测量系统,分别测量不同水样的散射强度电压值、粒径分布及粒径浓度、后向散射系数等参数,提出了利用Mie散射理论计算未知折射系数物质的体散射函数β(λ,θ)的新思路及分离后向散射系数光谱的算法。选择已知折射系数m的石英砂作为颗粒物与采自不同油田区域的油污水进行配比,获取不同特性水样,测定相关数据。首先,根据Mie散射理论计算出各样本对应的水体体积散射函数β(λ,θ);其次,建立的DAWN HELEOSⅡ18角度激光散射仪测定散射强度对应的电压值V(θ)转化为体积散射函数β(λ,θ)的关系式;再次,根据最优化方法估算出油砂混合的等效折射系数mos以及油的折射系数mo;最后,利用β(λ,θ)和估算的mos值及mo计算出各类样本的后向散射系数bb(λ),分别建立油污水bb,o(λ)和石英砂bb,s(λ)与油砂混合总bb,os(λ)的分离算法。分离算法的建立一方面提高了水体石油类污染后向散射理论模型的准确性,另外一方面拓展了米散射理论在海洋水色遥感中的应用。

激光等离子体探针及应用研究

本文介绍用阴影、纹影相干涉方法确定等离子体折射系数变化的原理。分析了等离子体中的非线性效应和对光探测系统的基本要求。并简要叙述了实验上采用的后向喇曼探测束,给出了等离子体干涉、纹影和阴影的测量结果。

轻霾天气下大气多次散射对激光通信的影响

为了了解多次散射对轻霾天气下大气激光通信的影响程度,建立了轻霾天气下大气多次散射的模型,并进行了分析,从理论上证明了在轻霾天气下前向散射对光接收的影响可以忽略。这为设计大气激光通信光收发系统提供了理论依据。

海洋悬浮粒子的光学后向散射率特性研究

后向散射率不仅是机载激光雷达探测海水后向散射信号的重要参量,也是海洋悬浮粒子重要的光学特性,根据米氏散射理论及其散射相函数计算公式,推导出了海洋悬浮粒子后向散射率的计算公式。通过对海水中的藻类粒子和悬浮泥沙颗粒散射相函数的分析,获取这两类主要海洋悬浮粒子各自的后向散射率,并进一步分析了后向散射率与粒子半径和波长的关系。仿真计算结果表明,当探测波长一定时,藻类粒子的后向散射率随粒子半径的增大而增大,而悬浮泥沙颗粒的后向散射率随粒子半径的增大而减小;当粒子半径一定时,藻类粒子和悬浮泥沙颗粒的后向散射率均随探测波长的增大而增大。

利用后向散射光空间谱强度分布探测尾流气泡的实验研究

利用自行设计制作的尾流模拟系统产生气泡,应用散射光空间频谱测量分析系统,对水中气泡群的后向散射光空间谱强度分布进行测量和分析,研究了不同探测距离的散射光衰减对其强度分布的影响.结果表明,在气泡密度、大小分布不变的情况下,扩束光照明时,由于参与光散射的气泡数目增加对散射光在水中传播衰减的补偿,散射空间谱强度分布的峰值和半宽值均不随探测距离变化;而细光束照明时,散射谱强度分布峰值随探测距离的增加而减小,半宽值则逐渐增大.所以在远距离探测时,细光束的探测效果好.

MIE散射系数的改进算法

提出一种新的计算MIE散射系数的算法。该算法使用了改进的后向递推公式，可对MIE系数中的消光系数Kext和散射系数Ksca进行精确计算。由于新算法能显著地减少计算循环次数，因此明显缩短了计算时间。对广泛运用的递推法和连分式法进行了比较详细的讨论。并且把新算法的计算结果和已有的成果进行了比较。结果表明：（1）计算的循环次数与粒子的复折射率基本没有关系；（2）连分式得到的结果通常最准确；（3）新算法在尺度系数较大时（〉1000），计算时间仅为连分式算法的10^-2-10^-3，计算的误差小于10^-5；（4）算法的适用范围广，对于尺度系数从10^-6到10^6，复折射率从从10^-6到10^6都能很好地进行计算。

Mie理论递推公式计算散射相位函数

在激光雷达探测中,关于多次散射雷达回波的研究,散射相位函数是个非常重要的物理量。本文利用Mie理论的递推公式,对单一粒径介质的散射相位函数进行了计算,计算结果与散射理论中前、后向散射峰值大小随粒子半径的增大而增大相一致。同时,对非单一粒径介质的散射相位函数进行了计算,可用于大气、雾和云等气溶胶多次散射的研究。