Repurposing Loperamide as an Anti-Infection Drug for the Treatment of Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens

Infections caused by intracellular bacterial pathogens are difficult to treat since most antibiotics have low cell permeability and undergo rapid degradation within cells.The rapid development and dissemination of antimicrobial–resistant strains have exacerbated this dilemma.With the increasing knowledge of host–pathogen interactions,especially bacterial strategies for survival and proliferation within host cells,host-directed therapy(HDT)has attracted increased interest and has emerged as a promising antiinfection method for treating intracellular infection.Herein,we applied a cell-based screening approach to a US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved drug library to identify compounds that can inhibit the intracellular replication of Salmonella Typhimurium(S.Typhimurium).This screening allowed us to identify the antidiarrheal agent loperamide(LPD)as a potent inhibitor of S.Typhimurium intracellular proliferation.LPD treatment of infected cells markedly promoted the host autophagic response and lysosomal activity.A mechanistic study revealed that the increase in host autophagy and elimination of intracellular bacteria were dependent on the high expression of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B(GPNMB)induced by LPD.In addition,LPD treatment effectively protected against S.Typhimurium infection in Galleria mellonella and mouse models.Thus,our study suggested that LPD may be useful for the treatment of diseases caused by intracellular bacterial pathogens.Moreover,LPD may serve as a promising lead compound for the development of anti-infection drugs based on the HDT strategy.

Allergen degradation of bee pollen by lactic acid bacteria fermentation and its alleviatory effects on allergic reactions in BALB/c mice

Food allergy as a global health problem threatens food industry.Bee pollen(BP)is a typical food with allergenic potentials,although it performs various nutritional/pharmacological functions to humans.In this study,lactic acid bacteria(LAB)were used to ferment Brassica napus BP for alleviating its allergenicity.Four novel allergens(glutaredoxin,oleosin-B2,catalase and lipase)were identified with significant decreases in LAB-fermented BP(FBP)than natural BP by proteomics.Meanwhile,metabolomics analysis showed significant increases of 28 characteristic oligopeptides and amino acids in FBP versus BP,indicating the degradation of LAB on allergens.Moreover,FBP showed alleviatory effects in BALB/c mice,which relieved pathological symptoms and lowered production of allergic mediators.Microbial high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that FBP could regulate gut microbiota and metabolism to strengthen immunity,which were closely correlated with the alleviation of allergic reactivity.These findings could contribute to the development and utilization of hypoallergenic BP products.

Vitamin D,selenium,and antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with Hashimoto's thyroiditis

BACKGROUND Diabetes and thyroiditis are closely related.They occur in combination and cause significant damage to the body.There is no clear treatment for type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)with Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT).While single symptomatic drug treatment of the two diseases is less effective,combined drug treatment may improve efficacy.AIM To investigate the effect of a combination of vitamin D,selenium,and hypoglycemic agents in T2DM with HT.METHODS This retrospective study included 150 patients with T2DM and HT treated at The Central Hospital of Shaoyang from March 2020 to February 2023.Fifty patients were assigned to the control group,test group A,and test group B according to different treatment methods.The control group received low-iodine diet guidance and hypoglycemic drug treatment.Test group A received the control treatment plus vitamin D treatment.Test group B received the group A treatment plus selenium.Blood levels of markers of thyroid function[free T3(FT3),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),free T4(FT4)],autoantibodies[thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAB)and thyroid globulin antibody(TGAB)],blood lipid index[low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),total cholesterol(TC),triacylglycerol(TG)],blood glucose index[fasting blood glucose(FBG),and hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)]were measured pre-treatment and 3 and 6 months after treatment.The relationships between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3[25(OH)D3]level and each of these indices were analyzed.RESULTS The levels of 25(OH)D3,FT3,FT4,and LDL-C increased in the order of the control group,test group A,and test group B(all P<0.05).The TPOAB,TGAB,TC,TG,FBG,HbA1c,and TSH levels increased in the order of test groups B,A,and the control group(all P<0.05).All the above indices were compared after 3 and 6 months of treatment.Pre-treatment,there was no divergence in serum 25(OH)D3 level,thyroid function-related indexes,autoantibodies level,blood glucose,and blood lipid index between the control group,test groups A and B(all P>0.05).The 25(OH)D3 levels in test groups A and B were negatively correlated with FT4 and TGAB(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combination drug treatment for T2DM with HT significantly improved thyroid function,autoantibody,and blood glucose and lipid levels.

Synergistic Effect of Combined Antibiotics against Some Selected Multidrug Resistant Human Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Poultry Droppings in Akure, Nigeria

Antibiotic resistant bacteria pass between humans, between animals and between humans and animals in both directions, the use of antibiotics in poultry has contributed to multiple antibiotic resistant in pathogenic bacteria and use of two antibiotics might prevent the emergence of resistance to either. In this study, synergistic effect of combined antibiotics against multidrug resistant human pathogenic bacterial isolates from poultry droppings in Akure, Nigeria was examined. Collection of samples, isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out using standard microbiological method, antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by disc diffusion method and zone of inhibition was used to interpret the sensitivity test as resistant, susceptible or intermediate while combined effects of two antibiotics were investigated by macrobroth dilution and checkerboard assay methods while the synergetic effects of combined antibiotics were calculated using Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) and percentage synergistic interaction was calculated. All the ten (10) species of bacterial isolates were multidrug resistant and are less resistant to ofloxacin. The highest percentage synergistic interactions observed were Ofloxacin + Amoxicillin (90%), Ciprofloxacin + Amoxicillin (90%), Tetracycline + Amoxicillin (70%), Tetracycline + Augmentin (80%), Cotrimoxazol + Amoxicillin (50%), Cotrimoxazol + Augmentin (70%), Chloramphenicol + Amoxicillin (70%) and Chloramphenicol + Augmentin (80%). Poultry droppings is a potential source of human pathogenic bacteria, high frequency of multiple antibiotic resistance bacteria observed in this study is of great treat to man as this may cause the treatment of infection caused by these bacteria to be difficult. Combination of beta-lactam antibiotic with fluoroqunolones, tetracycline, Chloramphenicol and Cotrimoxazole was synergetic and this will reduce dose related toxicity and prevent resistance to single antibiotic.

Distribution of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity of eye infections in Suzhou

AIM:To investigate the types of bacteria in patients with eye infections in Suzhou and their drug resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs.METHODS:The clinical data of 155 patients were retrospectively collected in this study,and the pathogenic bacteria species and drug resistance of each pathogenic bacteria were analyzed.RESULTS:Among the 155 patients(age from 12 to 87 years old,with an average age of 57,99 males and 56 females)with eye infections(160 eyes:74 in the left eye,76 in the right eye and 5 in both eyes,all of which were exogenous),71(45.81%)strains were gram-positive bacteria,23(14.84%)strains were gram-negative bacteria and 61(39.35%)strains were fungi.Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin and erythromycin(78.87%and 46.48%respectively),but least resistant to vancomycin at 0.Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to cefoxitin and compound sulfamethoxazole(100%and 95.65%respectively),but least resistant to meropenem at 0.Comparison of the resistance of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to some drugs revealed statistically significant differences(P<0.05)in the resistance of both to cefoxitin,cotrimoxazole,levofloxacin,cefuroxime,ceftriaxone and ceftazidime,and both had higher rates of resistance to gram-negative bacteria than to gram-positive bacteria.The distribution of bacterial infection strains showed that Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common strain in the conjunctiva,cornea,aqueous humor or vitreous body and other eye parts.Besides,Fusarium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also among the most common strains of conjunctival and corneal infections.CONCLUSION:Gram-positive bacteria are the dominant bacteria in eye infections,followed by gram-negative bacteria and fungi.Considering the resistance of gramnegative bacteria to multiple drugs,monitoring of bacteria should be strengthened in eye bacterial infections for effective prevention and control to reduce complications caused by eye infections.

Nature’s Pharmacy under Siege: Investigating Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Endophytic Bacteria of Medicinal Plants

Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating a thorough understanding of its prevalence in various ecological contexts. Medicinal plants, renowned for their therapeutic properties, host endophytic bacteria that produce bioactive compounds. Understanding antibiotic resistance dynamics in these bacteria is vital for human health and antibiotic efficacy preservation. In this study, we investigated antibiotic resistance profiles in endophytic bacteria from five medicinal plants: Thankuni, Neem, Aparajita, Joba, and Snake plant. We isolated and characterized 113 endophytic bacteria, with varying resistance patterns observed against multiple antibiotics. Notably, 53 strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR), with 14 exhibiting extensive drug resistance (XDR). Thankuni-associated bacteria displayed 44% MDR and 11% XDR, while Neem-associated bacteria showed higher resistance (60% MDR, 13% XDR). Aparajita-associated bacteria had lower resistance (22% MDR, 6% XDR), whereas Joba-associated bacteria exhibited substantial resistance (54% MDR, 14% XDR). Snake plant-associated bacteria showed 7% MDR and 4% XDR. Genus-specific distribution revealed Bacillus (47%), Staphylococcus (21%), and Klebsiella (11%) as major contributors to MDR. Our findings highlight diverse drug resistance patterns among plant-associated bacteria and underscore the complexity of antibiotic resistance dynamics in diverse plant environments. Identification of XDR strains emphasizes the severity of the antibiotic resistance problem, warranting further investigation into contributing factors.

Why Don’t We Adequately Identify and Manage Adverse Drug Reactions despite Having the Needed Information?

Importance/Objective: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unavoidable, but recognizing and addressing ADRs early can improve wellness and prevent permanent injury. We suggest that available medical information and digital/electronic methods could be used to manage this major healthcare problem for individual patients in real time. Methods: We searched the available digital applications and three literature databases using the medical subject heading terms, adverse drug reaction reporting systems or management, filtered by clinical trial or systemic reviews, to detect publications with data about ADR identification and management approaches. We reviewed the reports that had abstract or summary data or proposed or implemented methods or systems with potential to identify or manage ADRs in clinical settings. Results: The vast majority of the 481 reports used retrospectively collected data for groups of patients or were limited to surveying one population group or class of medication. The reports showed potential and definite associations of ADRs for specific drugs and problems, mostly, but not exclusively, for patients in hospitals and nursing homes. No reports described complete methods to collect comprehensive data on ADRs for individual patients in a healthcare system. The digital applications have ADR information, but all are too cumbersome or incomplete for use in active clinical settings. Several studies suggested that providing information about potential ADRs to clinicians can reduce these problems. Conclusion and Relevance: Although investigators and government agencies agree with the need, there is no comprehensive ADR management program in current use. Informing the patient’s healthcare practitioners of potential ADRs at the point of service has the potential for reduction of these complications, which should improve healthcare and reduce unneeded costs.

Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Combined with Lornoxicam on Pain and Recovery Quality After Abdominal Surgery in Patients with Drug Addiction

Objective:This paper aims to analyze the analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB)combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic drug lornoxicam on abdominal surgery in patients with a history of drug addiction.Methods:32 patients aged 18-60 who underwent lower abdominal surgery in the First People's Hospital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and Butuo County People's Hospital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture from January 2022 to March 2023 were selected,the patients must have drug abuse history for more than 1 year,with a history of drug withdrawal and relapse.The patients were divided into observation group and control group by the envelope method,with 16 cases in the observation group and 16 cases in the control group.Two groups of patients underwent ultrasound-guided bilateral transversus abdominis plane block after the operation.The observation group was treated with dexmedetomidine hydrochloride 1μg/kg+0.25%ropivacaine hydrochloride 40ml,and the control group was treated with 40ml 0.9%sodium chloride injection,the two groups of patients returned to the ward after operation and given intravenous infusion of lornoxicam for relieving the pain.The visual analogue scale(VAS)score of postoperative pain,the times of rescue analgesia,the time of postoperative anal exhaust,the time of ambulation,nausea and vomiting,withdrawal symptoms,related adverse reactions,and hospitalization days were compared between the two groups.Results:The VAS score of postoperative pain in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,P<0.05.Patients in the observation group used less postoperative rescue analgesics than those in the control group,P<0.05.For postoperative anal exhaust time,the difference between the two groups of patients was relatively small,and the time in the observation group was shorter,P>0.05.The time to get out of bed and the length of hospital stay were not significantly different between the control group and the observation group,P>0.05.The withdrawal symptoms of the patients in the observation group were better,P<0.05,nausea and vomiting,and other adverse reactions were lower in the control group,P<0.05.Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block combined with lornoxicam can be used to relieve pain in abdominal surgery for patients with drug addiction,which can effectively improve the therapeutic effect of patients and reduce the number of postoperative rescue analgesia.Thus,it has high clinical application value.

Drug-Drug Interactions in Patients with Breast Cancer

The research paper investigates the intricate landscape of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) within the context of breast cancer treatment, with a particular focus on the elderly population and the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). The study underscores the heightened susceptibility of elderly patients to DDIs due to the prevalence of polypharmacy and the widespread utilization of CAM among breast cancer patients. The potential ramifications of DDIs, encompassing adverse drug events and diminished treatment efficacy, are elucidated. The paper accentuates the imperative for healthcare providers to comprehensively understand both conventional and CAM therapies, enabling them to provide patients with informed guidance regarding safe and efficacious treatment options, culminating in enhanced patient outcomes.

Direct and Residual Microbicidal Efficacy of Various Antiseptics against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria

Background: Infections in ICU’s patients are known to often originate from the colonization of wounds by the patient’s endogenous microbiota, and to eventually lead to secondary sepsis. Aim: to compare in vitro the direct and residual effects after different exposure times of 4% chlorhexidine, and of 0.1% and 0.04% polyhexanide (in gel and solution forms), on ATCC-microorganisms, and too, on bacterial strains obtained from ICU patients. Methods: We used wild multi-drug resistant strains recently obtained from the wounds of patients hospitalized at ICU and reference strains from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Chlorhexidine 4% was studied as a reference solution. The direct and residual effects of the 0.1% and 0.04% polyhexanide, in gel and solution forms, were analyzed using cotton germ carriers. To evaluate the direct effect, we exposed the strains to the antiseptic. To assess the residual effect, the germ-carriers were impregnated with antiseptic and were allowed to dry before we contaminated them. We inoculated the germ carriers in a culture medium with an inhibitor of antiseptic effect to count the number of surviving microorganisms. Findings: 0.1% Polyhexanide solution proved a direct and residual efficacy after 24 hours equivalent to 4% chlorhexidine. Is very important to highlight that this great efficacy did not change according to whether they were ATCC or multidrug-resistant strains. Conclusions: 0.1% polyhexanide demonstrated a great direct and residual efficacy (like 4% chlorhexidine), against multi-drug resistant strains isolated from ICU’s patients. Moreover, due to its few cytotoxicity against keratinocytes and fibroblasts can be an optimal antiseptic for burns, wounds or ulcers.

<i>In-Vitro</i>Inhibitory Effect of Methanol Extracts of Chinese Herbal Drugs on Supercoiling Activity of Bacterial DNA Gyrase

A large number of Chinese herbal drugs (CHDs) exhibit antibacterial activities both in vivo and in vitro, but until now little is known regarding their inhibitory mechanisms. Bacterial DNA gyrase is a proven target for antibacterial agents. Aim of this study was to investigate the in-vitro inhibitory effect of methanol extracts of CHDs against supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase. Fifteen CHDs were selected and extracted with methanol, respectively. Inhibitory effect of the extracts on DNA gyrase was tested using gel-based DNA supercoiling assay. Among fifteen CHDs tested, methanol extracts of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (S2), Taraxaci Herba (S7), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle (S8) demonstrated an obvious inhibitory effect against supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase, and the others were either less active or could not be determined with the present method. Moreover, it was likely that S7 and S8 inhibit gyrase in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, DNA supercoiling assay is a promising method to study the inhibitory activity of CHDs on bacterial DNA gyrase. Some CHDs do have gyrase-inhibitory activity as proposed. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the inhibition mechanism of these CHDs on supercoiling activity of gyrase.

Antibacterial Effect of Waste Liquor of Essence Oil Extraction from Sabina vulgaris Ant in Foods

The antibacterial effects of waste liquor of essence oil extraction from Sabina vulgaris Ant on Escherichia coil, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus magaterium and Bacillus cereus in foods were evaluated by paper disk method. The results showed that the waste liquor of essence oil extraction from S. vulgaris had inhibitory effects on E. coil, S. aureus and Salmonella with bet- ter inhibitory effects on E. coil and Salmonella; the bacteriostatic effect of water steam distillation waste liquor was better than that of water extraction waste liquor. The more times the waste liquor was distilled, the higher the active ingredients content was, and the better the bacteriostatic effect was.

Drug Sensitive Test on Main Pathogenic Bacteria of Cow Recessiveness Mastitis Using Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation “Zengrujianniusan”

According to the theory of Chinese veterinary medicine and characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine, four different preparations of compound Chinese medicine ＂Zengrujianniusan＂ were composed, and the prepared water decoction was used to carry on the bacteriostatic test on main pathogens of cow recessiveness mastitis. The results showed that the four different prescriptions of water decoction all had antibacterial effects. The prescription 3 was sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae, while the other three prescriptions showed high sensitivity, and the prescription 3 had the strongest bacteriostatic effects.

Distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in emergency patients

BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance has become a global threat for human health,calling for rational use of antibiotics.AIM To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of the bacteria,providing the prerequisite for use of antibiotics in emergency patients.METHODS A total of 2048 emergency patients from 2013 to 2017 were enrolled.Their clinical examination specimens were collected,followed by isolation of bacteria.The bacterial identification and drug susceptibility testing were carried out.RESULTS A total of 3387 pathogens were isolated.The top six pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii(660 strains),Staphylococcus aureus(436 strains),Klebsiella pneumoniae(347 strains),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(338 strains),Escherichia coli(237 strains),and Candida albicans(207 strains).The isolation rates of these pathogens decreased year by year except Klebsiella pneumoniae,which increased from 7.1%to 12.1%.Acinetobacter baumannii is a widely-resistant strain,with multiple resistances to imipenem,ciprofloxacin,minocycline and tigecycline.The Staphylococcus aureus had high resistance rates to levofloxacin,penicillin G,and tetracycline.But the susceptibility of it to vancomycin and tigecycline were 100%.Klebsiella pneumoniae had high resistance rates to imipenem,cefoperazone/sulbactam,amikacin,and ciprofloxacin,with the lowest resistance rate to tigecycline.The resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cefoperazone/sulbactam and imipenem were higher,with the resistance rate to amikacin below 10%.Besides,Escherichia coli had high resistance rates to ciprofloxacin and cefoperazone/sulbactam and low resistance rates to imipenem,amikacin,and tigecycline.CONCLUSION The pathogenic bacteria isolated from the emergency patients were mainly Acinetobacter baumannii,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,and Candida albicans.The detection rates of drugresistant bacteria were high,with different bacteria having multiple drug resistances to commonly used antimicrobial agents,guiding the rational use of drugs and reducing the production of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

The Assessment of the Clinical Effect of the Drug Compatibility and Course of Treatment to the Brucellar Spondylitis

Objective: To evaluate five drug treatment regimens in the treatment of Brucella spondylitis. Methods: Patients with clinical symptoms compatible and diagnostic test consistent with Brucella spondylitis were randomly assigned to five drug treatment regimens. Results: Combination therapy with doxycycline, rifampin and sulfamethoxazole for 56 consecutive days showed the highest cure rate of 20% after a single course and of 85% after a double course with affectivity rates of 55% and 95%. Cure rate and affectivity rate was significant better (P 0.05) than for patients receiving doxycycline, rifampin and streptomycin for the same period and regimens containing doxycycline were significant better than regimens without this drug. Conclusion: Combination therapy of doxycycline, rifampin and sulfamethoxazole for 8 weeks using one or two full courses should be recommended for Brucella spondylitis.

Clear felling and burning effects on soil nitrogen transforming bacteria and actinomycetes population in Chittagong University campus, Bangladesh

The effect of forests clear felling and associated burning on the population of soil nitrogen transforming bacteria and actinomycetes are reported at three pair sites of Chittagong University campus, Bangla- desh in monsoon tropical climate. Clear felled area or burnt site and 15-21 year mixed plantation of native and exotic species, situated side by side on low hill having Typic Dystrochrepts soil was represented at each pair site. At all the three pair sites, clear felled area or burnt site showed very significantly （p~_0.001） lower population of actinomycetes, Rhizobium, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter and ammonifying as well as deni- trifying bacteria compared to their adjacent mixed plantation. From en- vironmental consideration, this finding has implication in managing natural ecosystem.

Algicidal effect of bacterial isolates of Pedobacter sp. against cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

The aim of this study was to isolate algicidal bacteria so as to control harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa （M. aeruginosa） blooms using biological methods. Nine bacterial strains were isolated to inhibit the growth ofM. aeruginosa, among which the Mail 1-5 bacterial strain exhibited remarkable algicidal activity against M. aeruginosa cells during the test. Based on the 16S rDNA analysis, the isolated Mail 1-5 was identified as Pedobacter sp. through morphology and homology research. The results of cocultivation of the cyanobacteria with MaI 11-5 algicidal isolates showed obvious algicidal activity against cyanobacterial cells. The algicidal effect of Mail 1-5 exceeded 50% after two days, exceeded 70% after four days, and reached 80% after seven days. The observation results with a scanning electron microscope showed that the cyanobacterial cells aggregated and produced mucous-like substances when cocultivated with the algicidal bacteria. The results indicated that the Mail 1-5 bacterial strain may possess a novel function for controlling harmful blooms and further studies will provide new insights into its role in water environment.

Effect of Mineral Dusts on the Growth of Silicate Bacteria S35

In order to compare the chemical compositions and physical properities of dusts on silicate bacteria S35, the chemical compositions of six kinds of mineral dusts have been analyzed and the changes of pH value, glucose （GLU）, electrolyte and Mn, Si, Fe before and after the dusts reacted with silicate bacteria S35 have been measured. The SEM analysis has been used to study the bacterial form and interface action status in the course of reaction between dusts and bacteria. The results show that these mineral dusts have different effects on experiment bacteria. Therefore, it is concluded that the effect of mineral dusts on silicate bacteria has correlation with the chemical compositions and physical properities of dusts.

Distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from cancer hospital in 2013

Objective： To understand distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria from a specialized cancer hospital in 2013 in order to provide a basis for rational clinical antimicrobial agents. Methods： Pathogenic bacteria identification and drug sensitivity tests were performed with a VITEK 2 compact automatic identification system and data were analyzed using WHONET5.6 software.Results： Of the 1,378 strains tested, 980 were Gram-negative bacilli, accounting for 71.1%, in which Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the dominant strains. We found 328 Gram-positive coccus, accounting for 23.8%, in which the amount of Staphylococcus aureus was the highest. We identified 46 fungi, accounting for 4.1%. According to the departmental distribution within the hospital, the surgical departments isolated the major strains, accounting for 49.7%. According to disease types, lung cancer, intestinal cancer and esophagus cancer were the top three, accounting for 20.9%, 17.3% and 14.2%, respectively. No strains were resistant to imipenem, ertapenem or vancomycin.Conclusions： Pathogenic bacteria isolated from the specialized cancer hospital have different resistance rates compared to commonly used antimicrobial agents; therefore antimicrobial agents to reduce the morbidity and mortality of infections should be used.

Algae-lysing Effect of Algicidal Bacteria on Microcystis in Bloom Water

The Microcystis sample was selected from natural bloom water,then the algicidal effects of the bacterial strain fluid of the two algicidal bacteria,supernatant and bacterial liquid were studied. Moreover,the changes of microalgae colony and morphology in the process of algae-lysing were observed using neutral red staining and scanning electron microscope. It showed that AA06 bacteria had certain algicidal effect while AA10 bacteria had no effect. All the supernatants of the two bacterial strains had obvious algicidal effects,and the algicidal effects between the bacterial liquid and supernatant had no significant differences( P < 0. 05). The effects of algae-lysing mainly owed to the chemical substances secreted by algicidal bacteria. During the algae-lysing process,the algae colony did not disperse into individual cells. The segments of the dead cells still aggregated together.