Study on Bacteriostatic Properties of Piroctone Olamine in Commonly Used Surfactants Systems

Piroctone olamine(OCT) was used as the main bacteriostatic component, the inhibition of OCT in different kinds and mass concentrations of surfactants were studied. Six surfactants commonly used in personal care products, i.e. sodium laureth sulfate(AES), cocamidopropyl betaine(CAB 35), sodium lauroyl sarcosinate(LS-30), sodium lauroyl glutamate(ULS-30S), alkyl glycoside(APG), cocamide methyl MEA(CMMEA),were used. The results showed that the bacteriostatic of OCT decreased with the increase of AES, which was suggested ≤ 5%. OCT has good bacteriostatic performance in the systems of amino acid surfactants and high dosage of amphoteric surfactants, 5% LS 30 and ≥ 10% CAB 35 was recommended. High dosage of nonionic surfactant could interfere the bacteriostatic performance of OCT, the recommended dosage was ≤ 2%.In addition, OCT has good bacteriostatic performance against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans when pH was controlled less than 5.5.

Study on the Bacteriostatic Effects of 7 Kinds of Chinese Herbal Medicines such as Ophiopogon japonicus and Comb

[Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of seven kinds of Chinese herbal medicine on Escherichia coil and Staphylococcus aureus in terms of unilater- al bacteriostatic effect, such as root and leaf of Ophiopogon japonicus, honeycomb, Panax pseudoginseng, and Allium macrostemon. [Method] Herbal active ingredients were extracted by water boiling method and a bacteriostatic experiment was per- formed by oxford cup diffusion method, to select Chinese herbs with antibacterial effects. MIC values of seven kinds of Chinese herbal medicine were determined by in vitro half-fold dilution method. [Results] Root and leaf of Ophiopogon japonicus, honeycomb, Panax pseudoginseng, Allium macrostemon, Juncus effusus and Xanthi- um sibiricum had bacteriostatic effects on Escherichia coil and Staphylococcus au- reus in varying degrees. Xanthium and leaf of Ophiopogon japonicus performed bet- ter on Escherichia coil, with MIC values at 7.81 and 15.63 mg/ml, respectively. Panax pseudoginseng and Xanthium performed better on Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values at 15.63 and 31.25 mg/ml. And the drug＇s effect was positively correlated with the concentration. [Conclusion] Xanthium sibiricum is the best bacte- riostatic effect, followed by leaf of Ophiopogon japonicus, and Juncus effusus per- forms the poorest. Panax pseudoginseng showed the best bacteriostatic effect, fol- lowed by Xanthium sibiricum and Juncus effusus performs the poorest. These pro- vide references for clinic safety.

Effect of Bacteriostat(Qianxing No.1) on Open Tissue Culture of Sugarcane

[Objective] The effect of bacteriostat （Qianxing No.l） on open tissue cul- ture of sugarca6e was discussed in this paper. [Method] The axillary bud explants of Qiantang No.5 were used as experimental material. Different concentrations of Qianxing No.1 were added in the media to determine the optimal bacteriostatic con- centrations of Qianxing No.1 for induction and proliferation culture of sugarcane in the open tissue culture. [Result] The results showed Qianxing No.1 with the con- centration of 0.5% could effectively inhibit the medium contamination. Under that bacteriostatic concentration, the surviving rate of explants was up to 80%, and the propagation coefficient was 3.1. [Conclusion] This research would provide a theoretic basis for the simplification of sugarcane tissue culture procedure and the reduction of production costs.

In Vitro Bacteriostatic Activity of Five Chinese Herbal Medicines against Two Common Pathogens of Scylla serrata

[ Objective] To investigate the in vitro bacteriostatic activity of Chinese herbal medicines （ rhubarb, Baikal skullcap root, honeysuckle, eucommia bark and Chinese date） and their compounds against two common pathogens of Scylla serrata （ Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila）. [Method] Drug sensitivity of the bacteria was determined by paper method. Minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） and minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC） were determined by dilution method and plate method, respectively. [Result] The bacteriostatic order of single medicines on V. parahaemolyticus were Baikal skullcap root 〉 honeysuckle 〉 rhubarb 〉 Chinese date 〉 eucommia bark. The bacteriostatic order of the compounds were A =B = C 〉 D. Among these medicines, the Baikal skullcap root and the compounds A, B, C and D had better bactericidal effects on V. parahaemolyticus. The bacteriostatic order of single medicines on A. hydrophila was rhubarb 〉 Baikal skullcap root 〉 honeysuckle 〉 Chinese date 〉 eucommia bark. The bacteriostatic order of the compounds were A 〉 B 〉 C = D, while the rhubarb and the compound C had better bactericidal effects on A. hydrophila. [ Conclusion] The Chinese herbal medicines including rhubarb, Baikal skullcap root, honeysuckle, eucommia bark and Chinese date have good bacteriostatic effects on V. parahaemolyticus and A. hydrophila, and they can be used to treat bacterial infection in Scylla serrata.

Bacteriostatic Effect of Extracts from 10 Kinds of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials and Garlic on Pectobacterium chrysanthemi

Pectobacterium chrysanthemi is one of the main pathogens of soft rot disease of Amorphophallus konjac.The bacteriostatic effect of extracts from 10 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine and garlic on Pectobacterium chrysanthemi was studied in this experiment.The results showed that the extracts of Coptis chinensis,garlic,Scutellaria baicalensis,Mume Fructus and Bupleurum had significant bacteriostatic effect.Among them,Coptis chinensis and garlic had the best bacteriostatic effect on Pectobacterium chrysanthemi,and the diameter of inhibition zone was 2.27 and 2.19 cm,respectively,followed by Scutellaria baicalensis,with the diameter of inhibition zone of 1.68 cm.The extracts of Coptis chinensis,Scutellaria baicalensis and garlic with good bacteriostatic effect were diluted by double dilution method,and the bacteriostatic effect was determined.The results showed that 2-fold dilution of Coptis chinensis and 2-fold and 4-fold dilution of Scutellaria baicalensis had significant bacteriostatic effect,but the bacteriostatic effect of garlic extract was not obvious after dilution.

Bacteriostatic Effects of Hyaluronan-Based Bioresorbable Membrane

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of bacteriostatic effects of hyaluronan-based bioresorbable membrane (HA/CMC) on selected major bacterial strains in digestive organs. Methods: We firstly evaluated the growth inhibition effect of HA/CMC for E. coli and S. aureus by determining the optical density (OD)650 in the incubation medium. At second, to determine the viable counts of bacteria, total adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were measured with five groups;several concentrations of HA/CMC and control. Results: OD curve gradually elevated and reached to plateau at 4 hours in E. coli. and 6 hours in S. aureus. After reaching plateau, the growth inhibition of both strains was statistically significantly correlated to the concentrations of HA/CMC. The ATP productions had statistically significant differences at 6 hours after incubation and inhibited in dose-dependence of a well-dissolved HA/CMC. Conclusion: HA/CMC may have dose-dependently bacteriostatic effects on S. aureus and E. coli.

Application of Dodecyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride in Bacteriostatic Laundry Detergent

Bacteriostatic laundry detergent was prepared with application of dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (1227). In accordance with relevant standards applied in Chinese detergent industry, the effect of 1227 on sensory and physiochemical quality indices, detergency and foaming performance of laundry detergent were comprehensively investigated,and antimicrobial performance as well as practical application performance including skin irritation of laundry detergent formulated with 1227 was emphatically examined and compared with that of market product with similar functions. Results indicated that, in formulation without anionic surfactant, all indices of self-prepared bacteriostatic laundry detergent can meet requirements specified in relevant standards. The foaming power of self-prepared bacteriostatic laundry detergent was lower and easier to rinse than bacteriostatic laundry detergent product in market. Using aqueous solution of 1% mass fraction of self-prepared bacteriostatic laundry detergent containing 2%of 1227, the antibacterial rate for 20 min on both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus separately reached 100%, which was much better than that of the bacteriostatic laundry detergent product from market. The action effectiveness of the self-prepared bacteriostatic laundry detergent can be maintained for a longer time period and shows no obvious irritation effect to human skin.

传统发酵乳品中产广谱细菌素乳酸菌选育

为选育产广谱细菌素乳酸菌,采用琼脂扩散法对甘肃牧区传统发酵乳品中分离纯化的96株乳酸菌进行了筛选,并确定产细菌素菌株,具有最佳抑菌效果的菌株经重离子束12C6+辐照诱变,再采用培养皿分区法进行6种指示菌广谱抑菌性能比较。结果表明,琼脂扩散法筛选出抑菌效果最佳的产细菌素菌株Lp1,经辐照诱变得到98株突变菌,选育出对大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌(Listeria monocytogenes)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)、志贺氏菌(Shigella)和克罗诺杆菌(Cronobacter)抑菌性能均明显优于出发菌株Lp1的5株突变株L088、L087、L063、L049、L010进行广谱抑菌试验,其中菌株L088和L063为广谱抑菌性能较好菌株,突变株L088对上述6种指示菌的抑菌扇环半径比出发菌株Lp1抑菌扇环半径分别提高47.81%、33.28%、22.97%、45.25%、21.39%、40.21%,突变株L063对上述6种指示菌的抑菌扇环半径比出发菌株Lp1抑菌扇环半径分别提高54.27%、29.18%、25.37%、58.03%、17.85%、42.13%。采用培养皿分区法可同时在1个培养皿中完成检测6种指示菌的抑菌试验,可高效筛选产广谱细菌素乳酸菌。

基于抑菌实验和网络药理学探讨D-柠檬烯、2-茨醇对白色念珠菌的抑制作用

目的:采用抑菌实验研究蛇床子-冰片药对成分中的D-柠檬烯及2-茨醇的体外抗白色念珠菌作用,并运用网络药理学预测D-柠檬烯和2-茨醇治疗念珠菌病的核心靶点和通路。方法:以白色念珠菌为研究对象,K-B纸片扩散法分别测定0.5、1.0、1.5 mg的D-柠檬烯、2-茨醇、制霉菌素的药液抑菌圈直径;采用试管双倍稀释法和棋盘法,测定D-柠檬烯、2-茨醇的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)以及两两联用的MIC,计算出联合抑菌分数(FIC)。通过Pubchem、SwissTargetPrediction数据库预测D-柠檬烯、2-茨醇的有效靶点;通过GeneCards、OMIM数据库检索念珠菌病相关的疾病靶点;运用Venny软件获得两种化学成分和念珠菌病的共同靶点;运用Cytoscape 3.9. 0软件构建“成分-靶点-疾病”网络;利用STRING数据库构建蛋白互作PPI网络;利用R软件进行GO功能及KEGG通路富集分析。结果:D-柠檬烯的MIC为5 mg/mL,2-茨醇的MIC为2.5 mg/mL。D-柠檬烯与2-茨醇联用的FIC指数为0.75,呈相加作用。网络药理学筛选得到两种成分相关作用靶点152个,疾病靶点893个,两者交集靶点为24个;网络拓扑分析得到核心靶点为肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARG)、雌激素受体(ESR1)等;KEGG分析得到核心通路为C型凝集素受体信号通路(C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway)、Fc epsilon RI信号通路(Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway)、催乳素信号通路(prolactin signaling pathway)等。结论:D-柠檬烯、2-茨醇对白色念珠菌均有抑制作用,且2种组分药物联合使用具有一定的协同作用。网络药理学预测初步提示D-柠檬烯、2-茨醇可能通过作用于TNF、PPARG、ESR1等核心靶点调控C型凝集素受体信号通路(C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway)、Fc epsilon RI信号通路(Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway)等以治疗念珠菌病。

纤维素酶辅助提取马齿苋总黄酮工艺优化及抑菌分析研究

用纤维素酶处理马齿苋,利用响应面设计,从纤维素酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度、酶解pH值四个因素优化纤维素酶处理后的黄酮提取率。对马齿苋提取物粗粉中的总黄酮进行抑菌试验。结果表明:脱脂后的马齿苋经测定黄酮类化合物含量为5.32%。最佳工艺条件为酶解温度50℃,酶的添加量0.6%,酶解时间1.8 h,酶解的pH值4.5,所得黄酮提取率6.09%,与未经酶处理相比,提取率提高1.14倍。对验证试验的黄酮粗粉进行抑菌试验,表明对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有抑制作用,其中对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果较好。马齿苋经过纤维素酶酶解后,黄酮分子从细胞内溶出,提高马齿苋黄酮的提取率,提取的黄酮粗粉有抑菌活性,本研究为马齿苋黄酮的分离纯化、功能性研究提供支持。

茶多酚在鲜切脆山药块加工中的应用效果

为明确茶多酚(白色)对鲜切脆山药的护色、抑菌效果,配制5种不同浓度的茶多酚溶液对脆山药块进行浸泡5 min处理,以清水和生产上的常规处理(次氯酸钠)为对照,定期检测失重率、褐变度、菌落总数、大肠埃希氏菌MPN值,并进行感官评价。结果表明,与对照相比,4℃条件下,5种不同浓度茶多酚处理均能延缓脆山药块的氧化褐变,降低褐变度,保持良好的外观品质和商品性,延长产品货架期至7 d以上。其中,以0.2%茶多酚对脆山药块的保鲜效果最好,感官品质佳,保鲜期11 d,抑菌期12 d,褐变度为5.46%,菌落总数为2.17×10^(4) CFU·g^(-1),大肠埃希氏菌MPN值<0.3。在实际生产中,可根据货架期要求,选择不同浓度的茶多酚处理。研究结果为生产企业采用天然保鲜剂替代化学保鲜剂用于鲜切山药的抗氧化、抑菌等加工保鲜提供了有效指导。

22种抗生素对梨火疫病菌的室内毒力测定及对花器安全性评价

【目的】筛选出抑制梨火疫病的药剂,为梨火疫病的绿色安全防控提供技术支持。【方法】采用抑菌圈法筛选22种抗生素,评价其在库尔勒香梨花器上的安全性。【结果】13种抗生素对梨火疫病菌有抑制作用,其中在抑菌圈直径达到9 mm时,氯霉素①、注射用头孢噻肟钠、注射用头孢曲松钠和诺氟沙星的药剂有效浓度由低至高是5.30、7.60、9.88、11.64 mg/L,使用同等剂量下4种药剂的抑制作用强于其它药剂;氯霉素①、注射用头孢噻肟钠、注射用头孢曲松钠、罗红霉素分散片、诺氟沙星对库尔勒香梨花器的危害较轻。【结论】氯霉素①、诺氟沙星、注射用头孢曲松钠和注射用头孢噻肟钠可在田间防治梨火疫病上应用。

胶冻样芽孢杆菌对革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌活性及其抗菌次级代谢产物分析

为筛选对革兰氏阴性菌抑菌活性较好的药用植物芍药的内生菌,采用表面消毒法和平板对峙法分离筛选对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌有拮抗作用的芍药内生菌,对其进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定,并通过全基因组学分析探究其抗菌活性物质。结果表明,从芍药根、茎、叶等不同组织分离得到20株内生菌。采用平板对峙法抑菌试验,从20株内生菌中获得1株抗菌效果较好的革兰氏阴性内生菌HNYJ291,经形态学和分子方法鉴定为胶冻样芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus kribbensis),该菌能有效抑制大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌。对该菌进行全基因组测序分析,HNYJ291的基因组大小为5609136 bp,G+C含量为45.48%,预测其编码基因个数为4805个。分别有4779、3678、4027、3941、2994、2700个基因被NR、Swiss-Prot、Pfam、COG、GO、KEGG数据库注释,通过antiSMASH预测到与次级代谢产物合成相关的10个基因簇,主要次级代谢产物有环脂肽类抗生素(Fusaricidin B)、细菌素(Paenilan)、抗菌脂肽(Tridecaptin)、多黏菌素(Polymyxin)和抗菌肽(Paenicidin A)等。从其基因组中含有的抗菌活性物质相关基因簇可以预测出,该菌株具有开发新药和作为可饲用微生物的潜力。

Box-Behnken响应面法优化焙烤食品复配防腐剂的研究

本研究以纳他霉素、乳酸链球菌素、ε-聚赖氨酸和茄非可食部分生物碱提取液为主要原料,在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化确定焙烤食品复配防腐剂最佳配比,并进行验证试验。结果表明,在纳他霉素浓度为0.078 g·kg^(-1)、乳酸链球菌素浓度为0.080 g·kg^(-1)、ε-聚赖氨酸浓度为0.060 g·kg^(-1)、茄非可食部分生物碱提取液浓度为14%时,复配防腐剂的抑菌效果最佳。验证试验分别测定对照组和试验组的菌落总数和霉菌数,对照组的菌落总数、霉菌数明显多于试验组,且试验组未检出霉菌。

鱼类抗菌肽-壳聚糖抑菌保鲜剂的制备

为研发安全高效的抑菌保鲜剂,本研究以安康鱼为原料,采用定向酶解技术制备鱼类抗菌肽,与海洋天然产物壳聚糖复配制备新型抑菌保鲜剂。结果如下:通过单因素实验确定鱼类抗菌肽和壳聚糖对大肠杆菌的最佳抑菌浓度,响应面优化实验确定鱼类抗菌肽-壳聚糖抑菌保鲜剂的最佳添加量为,鱼类抗菌肽7.796 mg/mL,壳聚糖1号0.716 mg/mL,壳聚糖2号0.389 mg/mL,复配得到的抑菌保鲜剂对大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径为9.77 mm,接近回归模型预测值10.19 mm。此外,将鱼类抗菌肽-壳聚糖抑菌保鲜剂应用于新鲜鱼糜,结果表明,该抑菌保鲜剂能够延长新鲜鱼糜发生质变的时间,具有明显的抑菌保鲜作用,后续可应用于即食鱼糜制品抑菌保鲜剂的开发。

卤化合成α螺旋抗菌肽Cl-FR18的抑菌活性、安全性及稳定性研究

为了对α螺旋抗菌肽FR18进行卤化并了解卤化抗菌肽Cl-FR18的功能特性,对α螺旋抗菌肽FR18的N端第1个苯丙氨酸进行氯代,得到合成肽Cl-FR18,并进行抗菌活性、溶血活性、细胞毒性及稳定性检测。结果显示:Cl-FR18对7株指示菌均有良好的抑菌活性,其中对大肠杆菌K88和鲍曼不动杆菌js1的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为4μg/mL,高于未修饰肽FR18;Cl-FR18的溶血活性明显低于蜂毒肽和未修饰肽,在浓度为16μg/mL时仅引起221%的羊红细胞溶血。Cl-FR18保留了未修饰肽FR18较好的细胞选择性和安全性的特点,经Cl-FR18作用12 h后的细胞存活率均在90%以上,且Cl-FR18在不同的盐离子、蛋白酶溶液和温度环境中表现出一定的敏感性,MIC增至2~8倍。结果表明,经卤化后的抗菌肽Cl-FR18抑菌谱广,抑菌活性明显,且具有良好的安全性,其卤化合成策略为优化抗菌肽的改造方法提供了理论参考。

广藿香、丁香、薄荷挥发油配伍抑菌作用的研究

目的通过研究广藿香、丁香、薄荷3种挥发油及其不同配伍比例的抑菌效果,确定3种植物挥发油对5种受试菌抑菌效果的最佳配方比例。方法牛津杯法、响应面法(Box-Behnken)、最低抑菌浓度实验(MIC)。以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌、黑曲霉5种实验菌为指示菌,所得抑菌圈直径大小为评价指标。基于响应面法对植物提取物及其复配物进行抑菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉、白色念珠菌)活性分析;最后与阳性对照卡松进行对比。结果3种挥发油的最佳配比为广藿香:丁香:薄荷=0.4∶1∶0.5,此配方下的抑菌圈大小分别是(19.5±5.4)、(28.16±2.68)、(19.5±5.4)、(19.72±1.93)、(22.07±4.25)mm。与阳性对照相比,该复配抑菌效果好且无毒副作用。结论复配挥发油有较好的抗菌效果,为挥发油作为植物源防腐剂奠定更为深远的基础。

一种氧化锌复合物抗菌纺织纤维材料制备及性能测试

为降低抗菌材料生物毒性,提高其抗菌性能,本试验先通过原位还原法制备氧化锌复合物,并以该复合物作为抑菌剂,结合聚酯纤维无纺布制备一种抗菌纺织纤维材料,并研究其性能。试验结果表明,当氧化锌复合物中Cu含量在4.5%以上时,抗菌纺织纤维材料抑菌率基本达到99%,抗菌性能良好;在经过50次2 g/L的AATCC 1993标准洗涤剂洗涤后,抗菌纺织纤维材料抑菌率为97.6%,耐水洗性能良好;在经过12 h、24 h细胞培养后,抗菌纺织纤维材料的细胞相对存活率分别是86.6%、85.1%,生物相容性良好。综上,该抗菌纺织纤维材料综合性能良好,具备应用价值。

Frens法制备纳米银及其抑菌性能研究

采用柠檬酸钠作为还原剂,制备了纳米银。探讨了还原剂混用、反应物物质的量比、回流时间等对纳米银粒子的影响,并对其进行表征。通过抑菌实验,发现纳米银的抑菌效果随其粒径的减小而增强。