Optimal arrangement for pressure measurement points in working chamber of earth pressure balance shield

In order to exactly provide scientific basis for pressure dynamic balance control of working chamber of earth pressure balance shield (EPBS),study on optimal arrangement of pressure measurement points in working chamber was conducted. Based on mathematical description of optimal arrangement for pressure measurement points,fuzzy clustering analysis and discriminant analysis were used to divide pressure regions of nodes on bulkhead. Finally,the selection method of optimal measurement points was proposed,and by selecting d6.28 m EPBS as study object,the case study was conducted. By contrast,based on optimal arrangement scheme of pressure measurement points,through adopting weighted algorithm,the absolute error mean of equivalent pressure of working chamber is the smallest. In addition,pressure curve of optimal arrangement points presents parabola,and it can show the state of pressure distribution on bulkhead truly. It is concluded that the optimal arrangement method of pressure measurement points in working chamber is effective and feasible,and the method can provide basis for realizing high precision pressure control of EPBS.

Long Work Hours and Work-Life Balance in Korea and Japan

This study examines long work hours and work-life balance in relation to wage level, workaholism, and consumerism in both Korea and Japan. Findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the hypothesis that the wages and working hours have positive but differential effects depending on wage level categories are supported. Second, effects of cultural factors, such as workaholism and consumerism, on long work hours, however, are not significant in both countries. Third, for Korean manual workers, the probability of working long hours is high, but the level of time scarcity is low; but the effect of union membership on long work hours is not significant in both Korea and Japan. Fourth, the hypothesis that negative effects of long work hours and time scarcity on satisfaction with work-life balance are supported. These findings suggest that an increase in wage for non-regular workers and a minimum wage are required to reduce working hours. In addition, they also suggest that reducing working hours, overtime work in particular, and wage gap are crucial to raising the level of satisfaction with work-life balance in both Korea and Japan.

Challenges in Work-Family Balance and Support Needs of Japanese Parents with Nursery School-Aged Children

We aimed to identify the challenges parents face raising preschool-aged children when trying to maintain a good work-family balance. We also highlight how public health nurses can support the community in this regard. Seven Japanese parents volunteered to participate, and individual in-depth interviews were conducted from May to October 2021. We analyzed the recorded interview data using qualitative descriptive methods. Three main themes concerning work-family balance challenges were extracted: 1) conflicts between parents’ childcare and work roles, 2) issues related to institutions and social systems, and 3) a lack of informal support. Factors contributing to the difficulties were a lack of time to spend with their children;an imbalance in the division of housework and childcare roles between married couples;the employment environment in Japan that makes it difficult to pursue a career while raising children;a lack of childcare services, including childcare for sick children;inadequate consultation systems;and an aging grandparents’ generation owing to late marriages. To solve this problem, we suggest that in addition to establishing a reliable system for providing childcare, local public health nurses should work with childcare workers to create an environment in which parents feel comfortable discussing work-family balance, considering the time constraints of parents during the childrearing period, and use nursery schools as a place for parent-child support.

DISTRIBUTION LAW OF RANDOM UNBALANCE RESPONSE OF MULTISTAGE BLOWER

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并行分治计算中的一种Work-stealing策略

在机群尤其是共享式多用户机群环境中提高非规则问题的并行计算效率是一项具有挑战性的工作.给出了一种适于多核处理器节点构成的机群的层次Work-stealing负载均衡策略(简称HWS),它能够有效利用节点的动态变化的可用计算资源.分析了分治计算问题中的动态性与非规则性,并使用HWS策略对分治计算问题进行了动态负载均衡(DLB)实验.实验表明,HWS在加速比、CPU利用率和负载分布等性能指标上均优于Work-sharing和Satin-CRS策略.

疫情前后武汉市职住人口分布对比分析及片区韧性模式探索

2019年底爆发的新冠疫情对全球的城市人口结构和空间格局产生了深远影响。武汉市作为疫情重灾区,研究其疫情前后的人口与空间变迁对识别城市韧性具有重要意义。基于手机信令数据,对疫情前后武汉市居住与就业人口的分布进行了分析,采用核密度估计法和差值叠加技术,评估城市各区域的韧性表现。研究结果不仅揭示了武汉市不同区域在疫情冲击下的职住结构变化,也为未来城市规划中的韧性提升与空间结构优化提供了数据支撑与理论依据。

“一根筋”思维:基线心态的影响及机制

基线心态(bottom-line mentality,BLM)是指个体或组织只关注底线目标而忽略其他重要事项的单线思维模式。随着基线心态研究的不断深入,研究导向由原来的关注基线心态的消极影响开始关注其积极影响,研究视角也从工作领域延伸到家庭领域。社会交换理论、社会认知理论、社会信息加工理论和资源保存理论等是理解基线心态内在作用机制的主要理论。当前对基线心态的研究还处于起步阶段,未来还需进一步厘清其作用范围,在更广泛的文化背景,采用多元理论视角,综合运用多种方法,深入探索基线心态的前因后效、作用机制和边界条件。

SWN: An SDN Based Framework for Carrier Grade WiFi Networks

With the rapid growth of mobile data traffic and vast traffic offloaded from cellular network, Wi-Fi has been considered as an essential component to cope with the tremendous growth of mobile data traffic. Although operators have deployed a lot of carrier grade Wi-Fi networks, but there are still a multitude of arrears for nowadays Wi-Fi networks, such as supporting seamless handover between APs, automatic network access and unified authentication, etc. In this paper, we propose an SDN based carrier grade Wi-Fi network framework, namely SWN. The key conceptual contribution of SWN is a principled refactoring of Wi-Fi networks into control and data planes. The control plane has a centralized global view of the whole network, can perceive the underlying network state by network situation awareness(NAS) technique, and bundles the perceived information and network management operations into northbound Application Programming Interface(API) for upper applications. In the data plane, we construct software access point(SAP) to abstract the connection between user equipment(UE) and access point(AP). Network operators can design network applications by utilizing these APIs and the SAP abstraction to configure and manage the whole network, which makes carrier grade Wi-Fi networks more flexible, user-friendly, and scalable.

Work Transformations and Their Consequences for the Personal Life of Workers

The civilisation transformations which occur in the sphere of human work, have a strong influence over their functioning both in the professional and extraprofessional spheres. Scientific analyses, as well as everyday observation, suggest that there are increases in the tension between work and personal life, which results in imbalance and perceiving both the spheres as mutually contradictory, as well as having adverse consequences for workers and their families, organisations, the society, and economics. As regards this occurrence, the aim of the article is to show selected civilizational trends which generate the issues with maintaining work--personal life balance of contemporary humans. The article is of theoretical character and is based on the method of critical literature analysis, as well as on the analysis of formal-legal documents, reports, and statistical sources. The theoretical-case analyses let one formulate a conclusion that the transformation one undergone in the sphere of professional work often bears adverse consequences for the sphere of workers＇ personal lives and this should be a significant scientific research field.

Why Brazilian Women Are Not on Top： The Work-Life Reconciliation Hypothesis

The female presence in middle management is already significant in Brazil. Yet, women hold only 7% of the board seats. Why are there so few women in corpomtive top ranks？ Is it possible that prejudice and sexism work selectively, allowing women to ascend not beyond a certain point in corporate hierarchy？ This paper rejects such a perspective and aims at understanding the dynamics that drive women against the executive suite. The premise beneath this research is that women are not victims, but autonomous individuals. In order to test the hypothesis of Brazilian women choosing not to ascend, the first step was to analyze Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics＇ （IBGE） data on work force and employment. Thereafter, the research explores the possibility that organizational dynamics is a major factor for women to deal with work-life issues. Studies of scientific organizations show that flexibility helps conciliate work and life. The conclusion is： if corporations could emulate the scientific organizational environment, probably they would not only attract more women to the executive suite, but also adapt to a transforming society.

“Chinese Social Work 2.0” and Its Historical and International Significance

This paper explores the idea of“Chinese social work 2.0”by reviewing the situation,issues,and needs of Chinese social work for further advancement in historical and comparative perspectives.The“10 years of Chinese social work(2006-2016)”vs.a 30-year history of rebuilding social work in the Chinese mainland can be explained with the transition of GPP(general public policy).This helps to understand the various pitfalls and seeming downturns in Chinese social work over the past years and to understand the major decisions of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)by understanding the historical backdrop and theoretical rationale of“seeking balance”meaning that China formally parts with its“GDP first”doctrine and withdraws its“economic state”GPP from the historical stage,and“seeking sufficiency”meaning that China continues to base its public policy on economic construction rather than to follow a welfare state GPP.Chinese social work professionals should take advantage of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)by highlighting the core issue of“balanced”development and play a leading role in promoting social fairness and justice.The precondition for fulfilling this role is that social work must be placed among the main disciplinary categories(“Group I subject of social science and humanities”)in China with the enhancement of research and faculty competence via well-designed(doctoral)social work education.

工作不安全感如何影响工作-生活平衡?——一个被调节的链式中介模型

基于资源保存理论,考察工作不安全感对工作-生活平衡的影响机制。对346名企业员工进行两阶段纵向追踪调查,结果表明:(1)工作不安全感对工作-生活平衡有直接负向影响;(2)工作认知失败和消极工作反刍在工作不安全感对工作-生活平衡的负面影响间起到中介作用以及链式中介作用;(3)主管支持感强化工作认知失败与消极工作反刍之间的关系从而调节以上链式中介。研究结果有助于为改善由工作不安全感引发的工作和生活失衡提供启发和对策。

On Answering the Question Related to the Legal Regulation of Working Hours in the New Era:Western Experience and Chinese Approach

The popularity of flexible working hours around the world has slowed down the historical trend of reducing working hours.It even shows signs of regression.Whether and how to guide the cur-rent society with flexible working hours to return to the historical track of reducing working hours,improve the quality of working hours,and promote a smooth transition from the era of traditional standard work-ing hours to the era of flexible working hours has become a question related to the legal regulation of working hours in the new era.In this regard,although Western countries have proposed new regulatory concepts and carried out legislative practices with distinctive charac-teristics,the limitations of legal regulation capabilities have prevented them from proposing a package of institutional solutions.The advan-tage of China in the ability of legal regulation of working hours has been gradually formed in the legislation on working hours unnder the leadership of the CPC in the past century.It enables China to break through the limitations of the West and propose a Chinese approach to answer the question of the legal regulation of working hours in the new era from three aspects:limiting the extension of working hours,improving the quality of flexible working hours,and optimizing the funnctions of the multi-funnctional regulatory system for working hours.

工作资源无法满足我的工作需求:非工作时间连通行为对工作—家庭平衡的损耗

依据工作需求—资源模型和工作需求—诱导压力补偿模型(DISC),文章分析工作自主与工作—家庭平衡及工作满意度的关系。基于来自中国综合社会调查2021年的数据(CGSS2021)对假设进行检验。结果表明:非工作时间连通的工作需求与员工的工作—家庭平衡显著负相关,进而影响员工工作满意度;工作方式的自主性不能缓解由此带来的工作—家庭失衡。高工作方式自主性导致非工作时间连通对工作—家庭平衡的负面影响更加显著。最后对结果以及未来研究方向进行了讨论。

煤矿井下非均匀照度图像去噪研究

煤矿综采工作面空间小、照明环境复杂多变,采煤过程中伴随着大量的粉尘、大雾,导致采集的图像出现曝光、细节特征减弱等问题,难以对井下照明区域光照强度过大的图像进行有效的特征提取。针对上述问题,提出了一种煤矿井下非均匀照度图像去噪算法。首先,将视频截取为图像,判断图像是否需要进行光照抑制,将需要进行光照抑制的RGB图像拆分通道,并计算每个通道的光照调节因子,实现图像的整体光照调节;然后,将未进行整体光照抑制的图像和经整体光照抑制的图像进行反射分量提取,即将输入的图像转换为HSV空间图像,使用单尺度Retinex(SSR)算法对V通道图像中的光照分量进行单独处理,将V分量中的入射分量去除,保留反射分量,并对反射分量使用直方图均衡算法实现光照均衡化处理;最后,使用基于引导滤波的暗通道先验算法对经过光照处理后的图像进行去雾处理,并使用伽马校正函数重新调节亮度不均的图像。主观评价结果表明:提出的煤矿井下非均匀照度图像去噪算法有效抑制了因光照导致整体亮度较高的问题,且由于大雾、粉尘等因素导致图像模糊的部分更加清晰,图像的细节特征更加突出。采用信息熵、均值、标准差、空间频率4种评价指标对提出的算法效果进行客观评价,结果表明,提出的算法在信息熵、均值、标准差、空间频率上较多尺度Retinex(MSR)算法分别平均提升了21.87%,-56.06%,153.43%,294.45%,较基于颜色保持的多尺度视网膜增强(MSRCP)算法分别平均提升了1.18%,-39.56%,33.29%,-4.71%,较带色彩恢复的多尺度视网膜增强(MSRCR)算法分别平均提升了38.06%,-55.27%,462.10%,300.96%,说明提出的算法能更有效地增加图像信息量、抑制光照强度、提升边缘信息及图像清晰度。

面向用户多样化业务需求的多波束卫星系统动态资源分配算法

多波束卫星通信系统由于其高吞吐量和高资源利用率而受到广泛关注.已有研究主要考虑多波束卫星通信系统的信道或功率分配问题,但较少考虑用户分组和动态资源分配策略的联合优化设计,导致系统性能受限.此外,现有研究往往假设固定的波束覆盖半径,忽略了波束覆盖半径可变性对波束覆盖性能提升的影响.本文研究了多波束卫星通信系统中的用户分组和资源分配问题,提出了一种两阶段资源管理方案.针对动态和多样化的用户服务需求,首先设计一种基于Voronoi图的迭代用户分组算法以实现分组之间的负载均衡,然后将子信道和功率分配问题建模为系统平均效用函数最大化问题.为解决该问题,将每个波束视为一个智能体,采用一种基于多智能体深度Q网络(Deep Q Network,DQN)的算法来确定子信道和功率分配策略.仿真结果表明,与K-均值用户分组方案相比,本文所提出的基于Voronoi图的迭代用户分组算法对应的用户组负载差异值可降低49.2%,体现了本文所提算法在实现用户组间负载均衡方面的优势.此外,本文所提两阶段资源管理方案与现有文献中所提算法相比,系统所提供容量与用户需求差值可降低83.43%,体现了本文所提算法在实现系统资源高效利用及用户服务需求保障方面的性能优势.

工作-家庭平衡型人力资源管理实践对女性知识型员工创新绩效的影响研究

文章基于工作-家庭资源模型,对273名科技企业中女性知识型员工的调查数据进行实证分析,研究工作-家庭平衡型人力资源管理实践影响女性知识型员工创新绩效的作用机制。研究结果表明:工作-家庭平衡型人力资源管理实践对女性知识型员工创新绩效具有显著的正向影响,工作繁荣在其中具有中介作用;时间领导正向调节工作-家庭平衡型人力资源管理实践与工作繁荣之间的关系,并对工作繁荣的中介作用具有调节效应;工作-家庭平衡型人力资源管理实践各维度的作用效果在不同婚姻家庭状况女性知识型员工群体间的作用存在显著差异。文章研究结论为组织关心女性知识型员工工作和家庭情况,通过工作-家庭平衡型人力资源管理实践提升女性知识型员工创新绩效提供了参考。

区分还是融合?虚拟化团队工作模式下的员工工作-家庭平衡策略

虚拟化团队工作模式成为当前企业运作的一个发展趋势,产生了无边界的工作特征,工作和家庭领域高度重叠,改变了以往工作和家庭可区分的研究和实践前提。为此,学者开始提倡顺应无边界的发展趋势,促进工作和家庭融合。然而,基于这一管理思路的企业实践却导致了一系列负面效果。这让我们不禁重新思考:在虚拟化团队工作模式发展趋势下,我们更适合采用以往的工作-家庭区分思路,还是当前的工作-家庭融合思路,抑或是其他新的管理思路?为解决这一重要问题,本研究通过社会认同理论弥补资源保存理论在解释力上的不足,探讨团队虚拟性如何影响员工的工作-家庭整合行为,采用怎样的管理思路进行有效的干预以达到工作和家庭和谐发展的效果。本研究为数智化变革下的工作-家庭平衡研究构建了新的理论框架,推动该领域理论的进一步发展,有助于指导企业从新的管理思路促进工作和家庭和谐发展。

“双减”背景下工作特征、工作家庭平衡与教师职业满意度的关系研究

教师是落实“双减”的主力军,他们的职业满意度在很大程度上决定“双减”成效。本研究在JD-R理论指导下,利用2022年“江苏省中小学教师工作与生活状况调查”数据,探讨“双减”背景下教师工作特征对职业满意度的影响,发现:教师工作特征具有一定不对称性,工作要求多于工作资源,工作家庭平衡和职业满意度也不太理想,且在“双减”试点区更凸显。工作特征对教师职业满意度的影响十分稳健,它不仅直接对教师职业满意度带来“双刃效应”,表现为工作要求的“损耗效应”和工作资源的“增益效应”,还通过调节工作家庭平衡对教师职业满意度产生间接影响。此外,教师工作特征结构的优化对其职业满意度也不容忽视,尤以高工作要求-高工作资源者最佳。本研究拓展了JD-R理论在我国基础教育领域中的应用,丰富了“双减”背景下工作特征、工作家庭平衡与教师职业满意度之间的关系认知;研究结论为提高教师职业满意度,促进教师与学校组织的和谐共赢提供了有益指导。

兼顾型高绩效工作系统的组态效应研究:一个链式中介模型

既有研究中,关于多导向实践的兼顾型高绩效工作系统(HPWS)尚在起步阶段,且其构成与内部交互效应的研究也较为缺乏。本研究基于工作要求—资源理论从组态视角探讨了兼顾型HPWS的承诺型与控制型子系统交互而成的不同组态对员工工作倦怠的影响,以及工作重塑和个人—工作匹配的链式中介作用。基于493份两个时点的纵向数据分析发现,承诺型子系统和控制型子系统对工作倦怠有不同影响,进而兼顾型HPWS的不同组态对工作倦怠的影响存在显著差异,并识别出有效组态(高承诺—高控制、高承诺—低控制)和无效组态(低承诺—高控制、低承诺—低控制),得出影响效果的排序;工作重塑和个人—工作匹配在上述关系间均表现出部分中介作用,并且存在以工作重塑和个人—工作匹配为中介变量的链式中介路径。