Fast and Balanced Charge Transport Enabled by Solution-Processed Metal Oxide Layers for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Metal oxide charge transport materials are preferable for realizing long-term stable and potentially low-cost perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,due to some technical difficulties(e.g.,intricate fabrication protocols,high-temperature heating process,incompatible solvents,etc.),it is still challenging to achieve efficient and reliable all-metal-oxide-based devices.Here,we developed efficient inverted PSCs(IPSCs)based on solution-processed nickel oxide(NiO_(x))and tin oxide(SnO_(2))nanoparticles,working as hole and electron transport materials respectively,enabling a fast and balanced charge transfer for photogenerated charge carriers.Through further understanding and optimizing the perovskite/metal oxide interfaces,we have realized an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.5%(the bandgap of the perovskite is 1.62 eV),which is the highest efficiency among IPSCs based on all-metal-oxide charge transport materials.Thanks to these stable metal oxides and improved interface properties,ambient stability(retaining 95%of initial PCE after 1 month),thermal stability(retaining 80%of initial PCE after 2 weeks)and light stability(retaining 90%of initial PCE after 1000 hours aging)of resultant devices are enhanced significantly.In addition,owing to the low-temperature fabrication procedures of the entire device,we have obtained a PCE of over 21%for flexible IPSCs with enhanced operational stability.

Linker aggregation engineering of TADF materials to tune carrierbalance for highly efficient organic LEDs with long operationallifetime

Thermally activated delayedfluorescence(TADF)molecules are regarded as promis-ing materials for realizing high-performance organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).The connecting groups between donor(D)and acceptor(A)units in D–A type TADF molecules could affect the charge transfer and luminescence performance of TADF materials in aggregated states.In this work,we design and synthesize four TADF molecules using planar and twisted linkers to connect the aza-azulene donor(D)and triazine acceptor(A).Compared with planar linkers,the twisted ones(Az-NP-T and Az-NN-T)can enhance A–A aggregation interaction between adjacent molecules to balance hole and electron density.As a result,highly efficient and stable deep-red top-emission OLEDs with a high electroluminescence efficiency of 57.3%and an impressive long operational lifetime(LT_(95)∼30,000 h,initial luminance of 1000 cd m^(-2))are obtained.This study provides a new strategy for designing more effi-cient and stable electroluminescent devices through linker aggregation engineering in donor–acceptor molecules.