Research on the Balanced Development of Urban and Rural Compulsory Education Through Education Resource Allocation

With the rapid development of our country’s economy,education has gradually become the focus of social attention.The problem of unbalanced distribution of urban and rural educational resources has become increasingly prominent,urban educational resources are relatively rich,while rural educational resources are relatively scarce,and the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education has become an urgent task.This paper mainly investigates and studies the distribution of urban and rural educational resources,discusses the unbalanced distribution of urban and rural educational resources and analyzes the reasons,and puts forward a series of corresponding solutions to promote the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education.

The Impact of Urban and Rural Education Gap on Student Achievement Differences

With our country’s social development,the gap between urban and rural education has become increasingly obvious,especially the difference in student achievement.This study aims to explore the impact of the urban-rural education gap on student achievement.The study adopts a quantitative analysis method to collect and analyze the academic performance,learning resources,and social resources of urban and rural students.The results show that the unbalanced distribution of educational resources in urban and rural areas is the key factor leading to the gap in students’achievement.For example,urban education resources are abundant while rural education resources are relatively scarce.At the same time,the difference in social environment and family economic status also have a significant impact on student achievement.The differences between urban and rural areas,particularly in terms of family economic conditions and their ability to invest in education,further widen the gap between urban and rural education.The results of this study can provide a reference for reducing the gap between urban and rural education and improving the academic performance of rural students.A fair education policy is essential to narrow the gap between urban and rural education resources distribution,so as to improve the equality of education in society.

Mitigating Urban Heat Island Effects: A Review of Innovative Pavement Technologies and Integrated Solutions

In this review paper,we present a thorough investigation into the role of pavement technologies in advancing urban sustainability.Our analysis traverses the historical evolution of these technologies,meticulously evaluating their socio-economic and environmental impacts,with a particular emphasis on their role in mitigating the urban heat island effect.The evaluation of pavement types and variables influencing pavement performance to be used in the multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)framework to choose the optimal pavement application are at the heart of our research.Which serves to assess a spectrum of pavement options,revealing insights into the most effective and sustainable practices.By highlighting both the existing challenges and potential innovative solutions within thefield,this paper aims to offer a directional compass for future urban planning and infrastructural advancements.This review not only synthesizes the current state of knowledge but also aims to chart a course for future exploration,emphasizing the critical need for innovative and environmentally sensitive pavement tech-nologies in the creation of resilient and sustainable urban environments.

Zakat, Local Social Organization, and Social Capital in Rural Economic Development

Zakat as a source of development funding encourages well functioning of local organizations and social capital formation. Zakat management conducted by an organization with a set of norms promotes the development of local community organizations＇ function for the rural economic development activities. A case study was conducted in the Village of Patila, South Sulawesi Province. The community in this village successfully managed the selfsupporting development of social and agriculture infrastructures. Data collected were the activities of local organization of the board members of the mosque and educational development foundations, farmer group, and collective stall group. The results showed that a community truth on the mosque and educational development foundations was formed by the social infrastructure development of mosque and schools through the effectiveness of the zakat payment by rules （norms）. Both development foundations could function well through the network with villagers who migrate to other island as a potential zakat payer. Strengthening the social development organization supported the development of collective stall and pump farming system. The process of social and economic development in the Village of Patila as well as social capital formation encouraged people to carry out selfsupport development activities.

Research on the Harmonious Development of New Rural Communities under the Perspective of Balancing Urban and Rural Areas

On the basis of offering a definition of New Rural Communities (NRCs), the paper analyzes the values of New Rural Communities and argues that the construction of NRCs is able to contribute to the enhancement of the comprehensive agricultural production capability as well as the development of social productivity. Meanwhile the incomes of the rural residents can be boosted, which denotes the realization of a harmonious society where the achievements of China's reform and development are shared by each citizen. Moreover, the construction of NRCs facilitates the economization of land use and thus improves the overall living standard of the residents, while helping to cut the administrative cost and promote democracy at the primary level. This paper also points out various problems arising during the construction of NRCS in China: blindly following suit in accordance with the modes of the urban communities; lack of funds, which leads to the absence of the supporting mechanisms of NRCs; vague positioning and the ensuing shortage of impetus for continued development. Finally, the paper raises the corresponding measures and suggestions: first, based on reality, make overall planning and scientific arrangement; second, the government should play the dominant role while respecting the principal position of the rural residents and introducing the market mechanism; third, increase science and technology input and attach equal importance to economic and social benefits; fourth, broaden fund-raising channels while completing the supervision mechanism.

Empirical Study of China's Rural Consumption Function from the Perspective of Balancing Urban and Rural Development

From the perspective of balancing urban and rural development,this article researches the factors influencing the consumption level of rural residents in China.I select the relevant data concerning per capita net income of rural households and annual per capita consumer spending of rural residents for living in the period 1985-2008,establish the regression model of per capita net income of rural households and per capita consumer spending of rural residents for living,and conduct regression analysis and error correction model test using the measurement software.The analysis results show that there is not only long-term equilibrium relationship between rural residents' current consumption and rural residents' current income,between rural residents' consumption in lag period 1 and rural residents' income in lag period 1,but also short-term equilibrium relationship;current income is the main reason for determining the current consumption).Corresponding proposals are put forward to promote the level of rural consumption in China as follows:propel agricultural modernization;actively develop specialized cooperative organizations of rural residents;improve rural land transfer mechanism;promote the level of public services in rural areas;accelerate the transfer of rural surplus labor.

Comparative Research on the Reform and Exploration of Balancing Urban-Rural Development

Balancing urban and rural comprehensive reform is the major reform and developmental strategy of China. On the basis of the concept and theory of balancing rural and urban reform, the two national pilot cities Chengdu, Chongqing and several provincial pilot cities including Ningbo, Yangzhou, Shaoxing and Zigong are compared. The experiences and connotation of balancing urban and rural areas are concluded from the following four aspects. Firstly, scientific plan is a prerequisite; secondly, promoting "three collections" is the core; thirdly, developing people's livelihood is the basis; fourthly, organization security is the key.

Rural sustainable development:A case study of the Zaozhuang Innovation Demonstration Zone in China

Sustainable development is the central theme of modern global development.With the arrival of the urban era,the vulnerability and instability of rural areas have significantly increased,and rural sustainable development faces serious challenges.To address these issues,the study took the Zaozhuang Innovation Demonstration Zone in China under the National Sustainable Development Agenda as a case,combined with economic,social and land use data during 2016-2020,and applied Granger causality test method to explore the theoretical and practical pathways of“innovation-driven rural sustainable development”.The results showed that rural sustainable development and economic sustainability displayed a trend of synergistic change,with“explosive”growth from 2018 to 2020.The social sustainability steadily increased from 2016 to 2020.Ecological and spatial sustainability continuously declined during the study period.Moreover,the rural innovation capacity of the Zaozhuang Innovation Demonstration Zone displayed rapid growth during 2016-2020.Although the rural innovation capacity of the Zaozhuang Innovation Demonstration Zone has rapidly improved,it has a weak driving effect on rural sustainable development and economic sustainability.There are two primary challenges that must be overcome to ensure the rural sustainable development of the Zaozhuang Innovation Demonstration Zone.The first challenge is the imbalance among the multi-dimensional relationships in the process of rural sustainable development,and the second challenge is the weakening of rural innovation capacity to drive rural sustainable development.To overcome these challenges,this study proposed a systematic pathway for rural sustainable development in the Zaozhuang Innovation Demonstration Zone from multidimensions,such as policy actions,technologies,projects,and institutional guarantees,and formed a universal and representative“Zaozhuang model”.This study expands the theoretical foundation of rural sustainable development and provides theoretical and practical support for innovation-driven rural sustainable development.

Development Strategy of Urban Cultural Scene to Promote the Upgrading of Regional Cultural Consumption in Shaanxi

Regional cultural patterns and characteristics play a positive role in economic and social development.By planning and constructing cultural amenities and creating cultural scenes,the spatial quality and quality of life in a region can be enhanced,facilitating the expansion of cultural consumption.Shaanxi,with its rich historical and cultural resources,positions the capital city of Xi’an as a“world historical city”,boasting a vast number of cultural amenities represented by“cultural facilities”,“cultural activities”,“cultural experiences”,and“cultural services”.The development of urban cultural scene,with the aim of promoting the upgrading of regional cultural consumption in Shaanxi,requires comprehensive planning and a multifaceted approach,particularly in integrating provincial cultural scenes,clarifying the positioning of cultural scenes,innovating cultural scene experience projects,creating cultural scene intellectual property(IP),and empowering cultural scenes through the application of science and technology.

China＇s Economic Outlook into 2030： Transformation, Simulation and Policy Suggestions

This article discusses China＇s economic growth path and the potential challenges to becoming a high-income country by utilizing simulation to provide potential policy responses. The authors believe it is necessary to optimize spatial allocation and promote urbanization, but distorted urbanization must be avoided as it will only perpetuate the current problems. The core strategy is to change government behavior to allow the market to allocate resources. It is important to maintain stable growth in the short term and balance the economic structure in the medium- and long-term. In particular, optimizing spatial allocation must constitute a critical part of the policy adjustment. Only with a viable urbanization model can the country shift from the catch-up pursuit via industrialization to a balanced approach of sustainable growth. This can be done through gradual guidance and policy corrections. China should continue to uphold the ＂scientific concept of development＂ as the overarching principle governing socioeconomic development, and create a unique approach to sustainability where the economy grows steadily, sharing is universal and people live in harmony with nature.

Functions, Problems and Countermeasures of China’s Rural Ecosystems

At present,the whole country is fully implementing rural revitalization strategy and actively promoting rural ecosystems development in China.From the perspective of ecology and agroecology,the main functions of rural ecosystem in China,the current outstanding problems,and the corresponding countermeasures and measures are discussed in the paper,in order to provide references for promoting the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization and the sustainable development of rural ecosystem.China’s rural ecosystem has multi-functions such as carrying population,improving environment,providing products,increasing income,expanding employment and tourism,inheriting culture,popularizing science and technology,educating people,training talents,and providing places for the aged urban residents.Currently,there are still many problems and challenges in rural ecosystem in China,such as ecological destruction,waste of resources,environmental pollution,natural disasters,economic poverty,backward science and education,laggard culture and medical care,lack of public services,bad social morality,loss of villagers and disappearance of villages.In order to promote implementation of rural revitalization strategy and to promote sustainable development of rural ecosystems in China,the following measures should be taken based on the principles of integrating “tri-benefits”(economic,ecological and social benefits),gradual progress,comprehensive governance,adaptation to local conditions and long-term efforts and success.Eventually,the following measures are suggested:① enhancing awareness;② planning well;③ improving environment;④ optimizing ecological structure;⑤ improving ecological functions;⑥ improving ecological conditions;⑦ strengthening public services;⑧ improving laws and regulations;⑨ improving great investment;⑩ accelerating personnel training.

Experience of Overseas Countryside Development and Construction of “Beautiful Countryside” in Zhejiang

Countryside development paths and phase characters of typical developed countries and regions were analyzed,such as the East Asian Model(Japan and South Korea),and Western European Model(Germany and the Netherlands).The former is based on the big gap between urban and rural development,and the latter is based on the balanced development of urban and rural areas,both of them achieved the world’s leading level of countryside construction.In Zhejiang Province,"China’s Beautiful Countryside"represented by Anji,and"Zhejiang Green Agricultural Product Base"represented by Xianju emerged in the county level.Motivation mechanisms for countryside development in China and abroad were analyzed,including industrial system,infrastructure,ecological environment,and local culture.

“Chinese Social Work 2.0” and Its Historical and International Significance

This paper explores the idea of“Chinese social work 2.0”by reviewing the situation,issues,and needs of Chinese social work for further advancement in historical and comparative perspectives.The“10 years of Chinese social work(2006-2016)”vs.a 30-year history of rebuilding social work in the Chinese mainland can be explained with the transition of GPP(general public policy).This helps to understand the various pitfalls and seeming downturns in Chinese social work over the past years and to understand the major decisions of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)by understanding the historical backdrop and theoretical rationale of“seeking balance”meaning that China formally parts with its“GDP first”doctrine and withdraws its“economic state”GPP from the historical stage,and“seeking sufficiency”meaning that China continues to base its public policy on economic construction rather than to follow a welfare state GPP.Chinese social work professionals should take advantage of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)by highlighting the core issue of“balanced”development and play a leading role in promoting social fairness and justice.The precondition for fulfilling this role is that social work must be placed among the main disciplinary categories(“Group I subject of social science and humanities”)in China with the enhancement of research and faculty competence via well-designed(doctoral)social work education.

Construction of Economic Urban Green Spaces with a Case Study of Shijiazhuang City

The accelerating urbanization has brought various problems in environment, land, fund and so on. With the guidance of market economy, economic urban green spaces have become the optimal choice in urban landscaping of China, which can not only improve urban landscapes, ecological environment, satisfy higher spiritual and cultural demands of people, but also create considerable economic benefits, and enhance the coordinated development of economy, society and environment. With Shijiazhuang City as an example, the approaches of constructing economic urban green spaces fit for Shijiazhuang City were analyzed in this study, to provide references for the construction of economic urban green spaces in other cities.

The Choice of Technology and Rural-Urban Migration in Economic Development

This paper studies a general equilibrium model of rural-urban migration in which manufacturing finns engage in oligopolistic competition and choose increasing returns technologies to maximize profits. Urban residents incur commuting costs to work in the Central Business District. Surprisingly a change in the size of the population or an increase in the exogenously given wage rate will not affect a manufacturing finn＇s choice of technology. This helps to explain why finns in developing countries may not adopt labor intensive technologies even under abundant labor supply. An increase in the number of manufacturing finns increases both the employment rate and the level of employment in the manufacturing sector. However, manufacturing finns choose less advanced technologies. Capital accumulation leads manufacturing firms to choose more advanced technologies, but may not increase employment in the manufacturing sector.

积极应对人口老龄化战略下养老服务的均衡发展

党的二十大将实现养老服务均衡发展摆在了突出位置。在以均衡治理原则助推高质量发展的格局下,老龄化国家战略再次升级了养老服务在格局、空间、模式、性质、内容五个方面的均衡关系。然而,由于多重原因,目前我国养老服务均衡发展中存在保障对象收入差异的起点非均衡、准入条件欠缺灵活的过程非均衡、运作机制维持困境的结构非均衡问题。在积极应对人口老龄化战略背景下,亟需实现养老服务的结构优化、功能提升、内容提质,并需重点关注:一是基本养老服务均衡化的基础环境已初步形成;二是科学把握城乡区域人口老龄化分布格局趋势;三是改变现有基本养老服务制度建设的基本理念;四是区域一体化是基本养老服务均衡化的重要步伐;五是坚持基本养老服务制度全国统筹的基本思路;六是建立新型的基本养老服务事权格局。

我国义务教育优质均衡发展的现实困境与战略选择

义务教育优质均衡发展是我国义务教育发展的新目标、新任务。义务教育优质均衡发展和城乡一体化是两个紧密相连的动态过程,二者相互依存、相互促进、相互融合。由于城乡之间在经济发展、体制机制、社会文化和资源配置等方面长期以来存在较大差距,我国在推动实现义务教育优质均衡发展进程中,仍然面临义务教育评价功利化、多主体协作浅表化、乡村文化底蕴流失、软硬件资源投入不均等困境。为解决这些困境,需要从价值引导、政策推动、文化认同和历史趋向的角度厘清义务教育优质均衡发展的内在逻辑理路,进而搭建城乡义务教育优质均衡发展的逻辑架构,为我国义务教育城乡一体化发展提供战略选择。

城乡居民养老保险对家庭双代经济流动的影响——基于中国健康与养老追踪调查数据

利用“中国健康与养老追踪调查”(CHARLS)数据,通过构建多元线性模型,实证分析城乡居民养老保险对家庭内部亲子代经济流动的影响。结果发现,“经济面向”的城乡居民养老保险挤出了子代向亲代提供的经济支持,但对亲代的经济“逆反哺”并无显著影响;双代婚姻状况、受教育水平和亲代家庭资产均正向显著影响家庭代际经济的双向流动;子女之间存在“攀比效应”和“示范效应”;子代家庭收入正向影响向上代际经济支持。因此,老年人养老水平的提高需要从国家、社会和家庭层面共同着力:国家提高城乡居民养老保险的保障水平,鼓励老年人隔代照料孙子女;市场进一步完善养老服务;家庭发挥情感保障作用,关照独子女失能老人。

省直管县改革能够促进共同富裕吗?——基于双重差分模型的实证分析

省直管县改革被视为发展县域经济、缩小城乡差距的重要举措,但已有研究对其能否实现缩小“三大”差距和推进公共服务均等化等共同富裕的主要政策目标仍存在争议。对此,以浙江省“省直管县”改革1997-2017年的面板数据为样本,运用双重差分法重新审视省直管县改革对实现共同富裕主要政策目标的整体效果。研究发现:省直管县试点和全面实施两个阶段对共同富裕均具有正向效应,且随着时间的推进呈现出逐年上升趋势。进一步分析发现,试点和全面实施阶段对共同富裕的正向效应存在区域差异,“省直管县试点”对共同富裕的影响具有“弱者变强、强者愈强”特征,而“省直管县全面实施”对共同富裕的影响则呈现出“抑强扶弱、协同发展”的特性。这些研究发现对优化省管县制度、探讨实现共同富裕的政策创新路径具有重要意义。

中国式现代化进程中集市助推城乡融合发展问题研究——基于山东阳信集的考察

中国式现代化的宗旨是实现全体人民共同富裕,其基本路径之一是推动城乡深度融合发展。位于鲁西北地区的阳信集有着悠久的历史,在推动当地城乡融合发展过程中发挥了重要作用。基于阳信集的案例,借助社会空间视角,从过程性、关系性、要素性三方面分析集市助推城乡融合发展的过程是一种新的探索。从过程性的维度来看,集市是实现城乡空间结构重组与整合、控制与赋权的关键场域;从关系性的维度来看,集市是城乡居民进行社会互动与交往的公共生活空间;从要素性的维度来看,集市是推动劳动力、资本、信息等城乡生产要素自由流动和城乡基本公共服务一体化的交换空间。在中国式现代化发展进程中,集市已成为推动城乡融合发展的重要空间载体。