Analyzing the Combination Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Motor Control Training on Balance Function and Gait in Patients with Stroke-Induced Hemiplegia

Objective:To analyze the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with motor control training on the treatment of stroke-induced hemiplegia,specifically focusing on the impact on patients’balance function and gait.Methods:Fifty-two cases of hemiplegic stroke patients were randomly divided into two groups,26 in the control group and 26 in the observation group,using computer-generated random grouping.All participants underwent conventional treatment and rehabilitation training.In addition to these,the control group received repetitive transcranial magnetic pseudo-stimulation therapy+motor control training,while the observation group received repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy+motor control training.The balance function and gait parameters of both groups were compared before and after the interventions and assessed the satisfaction of the interventions in both groups.Results:Before the invention,there were no significant differences in balance function scores and each gait parameter between the two groups(P>0.05).However,after the intervention,the observation group showed higher balance function scores compared to the control group(P<0.05).The observation group also exhibited higher step speed and step frequency,longer step length,and a higher overall satisfaction level with the intervention compared to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combination of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and motor control training in the treatment of stroke-induced hemiplegia has demonstrated positive effects.It not only improves the patient’s balance function and gait but also contributes to overall physical rehabilitation.

Analgesic effects of balanced acupuncture versus body acupuncture in low-back and leg pain patients with lumbar disc herniation, as assessed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging

Balanced acupuncture, a single-acupoint balance therapy, regulates the balance of the cerebral center, and is characterized by exerting quick effects and a short treatment course. A total of 20 low-back and leg pain patients with lumbar disc herniation were treated with balanced acupuncture or body acupuncture. Central mechanisms of vaded acupunctures were compared using resting-state functional MRI. Patients from both groups received functional MRI before and after acupuncture. Functional connectivity in brain regions that were strongly associated with the bilatera amygdala was analyzed utilizing AFNI software. Visual analogue scale scores were greater in the balanced acupuncture group compared with the body acupuncture group. Function of the endogenous pain regulation network was enhanced in patients in the balanced acupuncture group, but was not changed in the body acupuncture group. This result indicates that the analgesic effects of body acupuncture do not work through the central nervous system. These data suggest that balanced acupuncture exerts analgesic effects on low-back and leg pain patients with lumbar disc herniation by regulating the function of the endogenous pain regulation network.

Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase:ion pump,signal transducer,or cytoprotective protein,and novel biological functions

Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase is a transmembrane protein that has important roles in the maintenance of electrochemical gradients across cell membranes by transporting three Na^(+)out of and two K^(+)into cells.Additionally,Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase participates in Ca^(2+)-signaling transduction and neurotransmitter release by coordinating the ion concentration gradient across the cell membrane.Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase works synergistically with multiple ion channels in the cell membrane to form a dynamic network of ion homeostatic regulation and affects cellular communication by regulating chemical signals and the ion balance among different types of cells.Therefo re,it is not surprising that Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase dysfunction has emerged as a risk factor for a variety of neurological diseases.However,published studies have so far only elucidated the important roles of Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase dysfunction in disease development,and we are lacking detailed mechanisms to clarify how Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase affects cell function.Our recent studies revealed that membrane loss of Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase is a key mechanism in many neurological disorders,particularly stroke and Parkinson's disease.Stabilization of plasma membrane Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase with an antibody is a novel strategy to treat these diseases.For this reason,Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase acts not only as a simple ion pump but also as a sensor/regulator or cytoprotective protein,participating in signal transduction such as neuronal autophagy and apoptosis,and glial cell migration.Thus,the present review attempts to summarize the novel biological functions of Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase and Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase-related pathogenesis.The potential for novel strategies to treat Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase-related brain diseases will also be discussed.

Multisensory mechanisms of gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease:an integrative review

Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging population.Posture and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous mechanisms.To effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory signals.The mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present work.Existing multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older adults.Insufficient emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and balance.In the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease.We also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older adults.Lastly,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

Genetic-algorithm-based balanced distribution of functional characteristics for machines

In order to make reconfigurable manufacturing system （RMS） adapt to the fluctuations of production demand with the minimum number of reconflgurations in its full life cycle, we presented a method to design RMS based on the balanced distribution of functional characteristics for ma- chines. With this method, functional characteristics were classified based on machining functions of cutting-tools and machining accuracy of machines. Then the optimization objective was set as the to- tal shortest mobile distance that all the workpieces are moved from one machine to another, and an improved genetic algorithm （GA） was proposed to optimize the configuration. The elitist strategy was used to enhance the global optimization ability of GA, and excellent gene pool was designed to maintain the diversity of population. Software Matlab was used to realize the algorithm, and a case study of simulation was used to evaluate the method.

ENUMERATING CORRELATION-IMMUNE BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS OF ORDER ONE

A large class of linear structural functions(LSF) satisfying the condition of correlational immunity of order one are constructed by studying the linear structural Boolean functions. With these new founded functions, the known enumeration bounds of correlation-immune functions of order one are greatly improved. In fact, the best, up to now, lower bound is found.

On Functions of K-Balanced Matroids

In this paper, we prove an analogous to a result of Erd&ouml;s and Rényi and of Kelly and Oxley. We also show that there are several properties of k-balanced matroids for which there exists a threshold function.

Virtual reality training improves balance function

Virtual reality is a new technology that simulates a three-dimensional virtual world on a com- puter and enables the generation of visual, audio, and haptic feedback for the full immersion of users. Users can interact with and observe objects in three-dimensional visual space without limitation. At present, virtual reality training has been widely used in rehabilitation therapy for balance dysfunction. This paper summarizes related articles and other articles suggesting that virtual reality training can improve balance dysfunction in patients after neurological diseases. When patients perform virtual reality training, the prefrontal, parietal cortical areas and other motor cortical networks are activated. These activations may be involved in the reconstruction of neurons in the cerebral cortex. Growing evidence from clinical studies reveals that virtual reality training improves the neurological function of patients with spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy and other neurological impairments. These findings suggest that virtual reality training can acti- vate the cerebral cortex and improve the spatial orientation capacity of patients, thus facilitating the cortex to control balance and increase motion function.

Retrospective study of effect of whole-body vibration training on balance and walking function in stroke patients

BACKGROUND Dysfunction in stroke patients has been a problem that we committed to solve and explore.Physical therapy has some effect to regain strength,balance,and coordination.However,it is not a complete cure,so we are trying to find more effective treatments.AIM To observe the effect of whole-body vibration training(WVT)on the recovery of balance and walking function in stroke patients,which could provide us some useful evidence for planning rehabilitation.METHODS The clinical data of 130 stroke participants who underwent conventional rehabilitation treatment in our hospital from January 2019 to August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The participants were divided into whole-body vibration training(WVT)group and non-WVT(NWVT)group according to whether they were given WVT.In the WVT group,routine rehabilitation therapy was combined with WVT by the Galileo Med L Plus vibration trainer at a frequency of 20 Hz and a vibration amplitude of 0+ACY-plusmn+ADs-5.2 mm,and in the NWVT group,routine rehabilitation therapy only was provided.The treatment course of the two groups was 4 wk.Before and after treatment,the Berg balance scale(BBS),3 m timed up-and-go test(TUGT),the maximum walking speed test(MWS),and upper limb functional reaching(FR)test were performed.RESULTS After 4 wk training,in both groups,the BBS score and the FR distance respectively increased to a certain amount(WVT=46.08±3.41 vs NWVT=40.22±3.75;WVT=20.48±2.23 vs NWVT=16.60±2.82),with P<0.05.Furthermore,in the WVT group,both BBS score and FR distance(BBS:18.32±2.18;FR:10.00±0.92)increased more than that in the NWVT group(BBS:13.29±1.66;FR:6.16±0.95),with P<0.05.Meanwhile,in both groups,the TUGT and the MWS were improved after training(WVT=32.64±3.81 vs NWVT=39.56±3.68;WVT=12.73±2.26 vs NWVT=15.04±2.27,respectively),with P<0.05.The change in the WVT group(TUGT:17.49±1.88;MWS:6.79±0.81)was greater than that in the NWVT group(TUGT:10.76±1.42;MWS:4.84±0.58),with P<0.05.CONCLUSION The WVT could effectively improve the balance and walking function in stroke patients,which may be good for improving their quality of life.

Modeling, Steady-State Analysis of a SEPIC dc-dc Converter Based on Switching Function and Harmonic Balance Technique

The paper presents modeling approach of a Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC) system. The complete model derivation of the SEPIC converter system has been presented in different modes of operation. Steady state and small signal analysis was carried out on the converter dynamic equations using the method of Harmonic balance Technique. The steady state variables and their respective ripple quantities obtained were plotted against duty ratio D. The results obtained for a supply input voltage of 60 volts to the converter at a duty ratio of D = 0.8 , compares well with simulation results.

Estimation under a Finite Mixture of Exponentiated Exponential Components Model and Balanced Square Error Loss

By exponentiating each of the components of a finite mixture of two exponential components model by a positive parameter, several shapes of hazard rate functions are obtained. Maximum likelihood and Bayes methods, based on square error loss function and objective prior, are used to obtain estimators based on balanced square error loss function for the parameters, survival and hazard rate functions of a mixture of two exponentiated exponential components model. Approximate interval estimators of the parameters of the model are obtained.

Application of"balancing digestive functions by regulating pivot"in chronic atrophic gastritis and professor Wei Wei's clinical experience

Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)has attracted wide attention in clinic due to its high incidence rate and high canceration rate.At present,modern medicine lacks an effective treatment scheme for CAG.Traditional Chinese medicine can improve clinical symptoms,laboratory indexes,pathological examination results and patients'quality of life for patients of CAG.Professor Wei used the method of"Balancing Digestive Functions by Regulating Pivot"to treat CAG in clinical practice.With flexible addition and subtraction on the basic prescription Banxia Xiexin decoction and coordination with various external treatment methods and psychological construction,professor Wei has achieved satisfactory clinical effects with the pungent-opening and bitter-descending method and dispersing liver and promoting blood circulation method.

Effective of exercise therapy on functional balance, physical performance and quality of life among patients undergoing hemodialysis: randomized controlled trial

Background:Patients undergoing hemodialysis suffer from deteriorating physical health,impaired physical function,and have a low quality of life,that explained by insufficient metabolic clearance.To overcome these obstacles,cost-effective strategies must be developed,including exercise as a complement to hemodialysis therapy.Objective:To determine the effectiveness of exercise therapy on functional balance,physical performance,and quality of life among patients undergoing hemodialysis:a randomized controlled trial.Methods:This randomized controlled trial study was carried out on 68 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis for at least six months and had a medically stable condition who were randomly divided into training(n=32)exercise therapy and(n=31)control,groups.The training group participated in 8-week(3 sessions per week)resistance exercise therapy in three sets of 10 repetitions of knee extension,hip flexion,and hip abduction with the use of an elastic band under the supervision of a training physiotherapist and researcher during the first hour of the three routine hemodialysis treatment session per week.But the control group did not experience any intervention.To analyze the data,two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni statistical tests were used at the significant level of(P=0.05).Results:6 Minute-Walk Test(6MWT)(0.013),and in the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly(PASE)(0.014),and Short Survey Form 36(SF-36)questionnaires and health-related quality of life(HRQOL)(0.001)had significant improvements in the training group in comparison to the control group from pre to post-test,also physical performance(0.001)was improving as compared with control group(0.89)at(P=0.05).Conclusion:Resistance exercise therapy interventions for eight weeks effectively improve the physical function and performance,activity levels,and health-related quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease and undergoing regular hemodialysis compared with a control group.

低频重复经颅磁刺激联合Balance-Trainer训练对脑卒中后平衡功能及下肢运动功能的影响

目的探究低频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)联合Balance-Trainer训练对脑卒中患者平衡功能及下肢运动功能的影响。方法选择2021年1月至2022年1月在南通大学第二附属医院康复医学科住院的70例脑卒中患者,采用随机数字表法分为BT组(23例)、rTMS组(24例)和联合组(23例)。三组均接受常规的康复治疗,BT组增加Balance-Trainer训练,rTMS组增加rTMS治疗,联合组给予rTMS治疗和Balance-Trainer训练,治疗8周。比较三组治疗前后Berg平衡量表(BBS)、Fugl-Meyer下肢运动功能量表(FMA-LE)、改良Barthel指数量表(MBI)评分及稳定性指数(SI)得分;观察三组不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后,三组BBS、FMA-LE、MBI评分较治疗前升高,SI得分较治疗前降低;且联合组BBS、FMA-LE、MBI评分高于BT组及rTMS组,SI得分低于BT组及rTMS组(P<0.05)。所有患者在治疗过程中均未出现癫痫等不良反应。结论低频rTMS联合Balance-Trainer训练能有效改善脑卒中患者平衡功能和下肢运动功能,提高患者的日常生活能力。

Improvement of Harmonic Balance Using Jacobian Elliptic Functions

We propose a method for finding approximate analytic solutions to autonomous single degree-of-freedom nonlinear oscillator equations. It consists of the harmonic balance with linearization in which Jacobian elliptic functions are used instead of circular trigonometric functions. We show that a simple change of independent variable followed by a careful choice of the form of anharmonic solution enable to obtain highly accurate approximate solutions. In particular our examples show that the proposed method is as easy to use as existing harmonic balance based methods and yet provides substantially greater accuracy.

PARALLEL ADAPTIVELY MODIFIED CHARACTERISTIC BASIS FUNCTION METHOD BASED ON STATIC LOAD BALANCE

Characteristic Basis Function Method (CBFM) is a novel approach for analyzing the ElectroMagnetic (EM) scattering from electrically large objects. Based on dividing the studied object into small blocks, the CBFM is suitable for parallel computing. In this paper, a static load balance parallel method is presented by combining Message Passing Interface (MPI) with Adaptively Modified CBFM (AMCBFM). In this method, the object geometry is partitioned into distinct blocks, and the serial number of blocks is sent to related nodes according to a certain rule. Every node only needs to calculate the information on local blocks. The obtained results confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method in speeding up solving large electrical scale problems.

Empirical Study of China's Rural Consumption Function from the Perspective of Balancing Urban and Rural Development

From the perspective of balancing urban and rural development,this article researches the factors influencing the consumption level of rural residents in China.I select the relevant data concerning per capita net income of rural households and annual per capita consumer spending of rural residents for living in the period 1985-2008,establish the regression model of per capita net income of rural households and per capita consumer spending of rural residents for living,and conduct regression analysis and error correction model test using the measurement software.The analysis results show that there is not only long-term equilibrium relationship between rural residents' current consumption and rural residents' current income,between rural residents' consumption in lag period 1 and rural residents' income in lag period 1,but also short-term equilibrium relationship;current income is the main reason for determining the current consumption).Corresponding proposals are put forward to promote the level of rural consumption in China as follows:propel agricultural modernization;actively develop specialized cooperative organizations of rural residents;improve rural land transfer mechanism;promote the level of public services in rural areas;accelerate the transfer of rural surplus labor.

Risk-Balanced Routing Strategy for Service Function Chains of Cyber-Physical Power System Considering Cross-Space Cascading Failure

Cyber-physical power system(CPPS)has significantly improved the operational efficiency of power systems.However,cross-space cascading failures may occur due to the coupling characteristics,which poses a great threat to the safety and reliability of CPPS,and there is an acute need to reduce the probability of these failures.Towards this end,this paper first proposes a cascading failure index to identify and quantify the importance of different information in the same class of communication services.On this basis,a joint improved risk-balanced service function chain routing strategy(SFC-RS)is proposed,which is modeled as a robust optimization problem and solved by column-and-constraint generation(C-CG)algorithm.Compared with the traditional shortest-path routing algorithm,the superiority of SFC-RS is verified in the IEEE 30-bus system.The results demonstrate that SFC-RS effectively mitigates the risk associated with information transmission in the network,enhances information transmission accessibility,and effectively limits communication disruption from becoming the cause of cross-space cascading failures.

平衡生物反馈训练对脑卒中足内翻患者足底压力和平衡功能的影响

目的探讨平衡生物反馈训练对脑卒中足内翻患者的足底压力和平衡功能的作用。方法选择60例脑卒中足内翻患者,其中男性35例,女性25例;年龄50~58岁,平均年龄54.79岁;病程79~92 d,平均病程87.76 d;偏瘫左侧33例,右侧27例;脑梗死31例,脑出血29例。随机选择30例作为对照组,另外30例为试验组。对照组和试验组都进行综合训练,试验组在此基础上进行平衡生物反馈训练。两组连续训练8周,每周5 d,每天2次,每次共60 min。选用美国Tekscan公司的Footscan三维动态足底压力步态分析系统。在治疗前和治疗后8周,对患者的足底压力和平衡运动学参数进行对比。结果在足底压力方面,治疗前,两组患者内外侧压力和接触面积差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者内侧压力增大(P<0.05),外侧压力减小(P<0.05)[试验组治疗前后内侧压力(150.18±96.30)N vs(175.70±99.95)N,外侧压力(184.14±85.72)N vs(166.46±112.01)N;对照组治疗前后内侧压力(147.11±74.22)N vs(165.97±71.93)N,外侧压力(230.13±93.73)N vs(223.57±114.75)N]。两组患者内侧接触面积增大(P<0.05),外侧接触面积减小(P<0.05)[试验组治疗前后内侧接触面积(26.75±12.07)cm^(2)vs(34.97±9.17)cm^(2),外侧接触面积(45.79±21.57)cm^(2)vs(37.86±21.99)cm^(2);对照组治疗前后内侧接触面积(39.28±22.25)cm^(2)vs(42.44±14.76)cm^(2),外侧接触面积(45.74±22.66)cm^(2)vs(41.73±20.54)cm^(2)],且与对照组相比,试验组内外侧压力和接触面积变化更为显著(P<0.05)。在平衡运动学参数方面,治疗前两组患者运动学参数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后两组患者的X、Y轴上的轨迹长度、均方差、最大动摇径、总轨迹、偏移长度和包络面积均显著降低(P<0.05),速度、单位面积轨迹长度均显著升高(P<0.05),试验组平衡运动学参数改善更为显著(P<0.05)。结论平衡生物反馈训练可显著提高脑卒中足内翻患者的足底压力和平衡功能。

奥塔戈运动在老年急性脑卒中患者中的应用效果

目的:探讨奥塔戈运动在老年急性脑卒中患者中的应用效果。方法:回顾性选取2022年6月—2023年6月广州市第一人民医院急诊科收治的83例老年急性脑卒中患者为研究对象。根据护理方法的不同将其分为对照组(41例)和观察组(42例)。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予奥塔戈运动。比较两组干预前后认知功能、运动功能及平衡能力,干预后依从性及满意度。结果:干预后,两组定向力、记忆、语言、回忆及注意和计算评分均升高,观察组定向力、记忆、语言、回忆及注意和计算评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组上肢简易Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(FMA)、下肢FMA、Holden步行功能分级量表(FAC)及Berg平衡量表(BBS)评分均升高,观察组上肢FMA、下肢FMA、FAC及BBS评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组遵医治疗、定期复查及生活管理依从率和干预方法、服务态度及症状改善满意度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:奥塔戈运动用于老年急性脑卒中患者中,有助于改善患者认知功能,提高运动功能和平衡能力,可获得较高的依从性及满意度。