Improved Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm with Multi-Strategy Fusion Mechanism and Its Application in Engineering Design

This article addresses the issues of falling into local optima and insufficient exploration capability in the Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA), proposing an improved Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm with a multi-strategy mechanism (BSFAOA). This algorithm introduces three strategies within the standard AOA framework: an adaptive balance factor SMOA based on sine functions, a search strategy combining Spiral Search and Brownian Motion, and a hybrid perturbation strategy based on Whale Fall Mechanism and Polynomial Differential Learning. The BSFAOA algorithm is analyzed in depth on the well-known 23 benchmark functions, CEC2019 test functions, and four real optimization problems. The experimental results demonstrate that the BSFAOA algorithm can better balance the exploration and exploitation capabilities, significantly enhancing the stability, convergence mode, and search efficiency of the AOA algorithm.

Underlying Mechanisms of Tai-Chi-Chuan Training for Improving Balance Ability in the Elders

Objective： To compare balance ability between elderly individuals who practiced Tai-Chi-Chuan （TCC） for average 9.64 years and elderly individuals who did not practice TCC and its relationship with lower extremity muscle strength and ankle proprioception. Methods： Twenty-five elderly volunteers were divided into two groups according to their TCC practcing experience. Sixteen were TCC group and the other nine were control population. Subjects completed a static balance test and ankle proprioception test using a custom-designed evaluation system, and concentric and eccentric knee extensor and flexor muscle strength tests. Subjects stood on the plate form to measure the proprioception in functional standing position which was differed from the previous studies. Multiple linear regressions were also used to predict the important factor affecting balance. Results： TCC group performed better than the control group in balance, proprioception, and muscle strength of lower extremity. The proprioception was the most important factor related to balance ability and it can be accounted for explaining 44% of variance in medial-lateral sway direction, and 53% of variance in antero-posterior sway direction. The proprioception may be a more important factor which affecting the balance ability. Conclusion： TCC training is recommended to the elders; as it can improve balance ability through better proprioception.

TSP aerosol source apportionment in the urban region of the Indian steel city,Rourkela

Steel industries are a major contributor to aerosols in steel cities like Rourkela. We designed an air quality sampling program to characterize total suspended particulate （TSP） aerosol in urban areas of Rourkela and to identify their steel-related and other sources. Monitoring was carried out over 8 h, twice per week from January 2011 to December 2012. Metallic species of TSP aerosols were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer; ionic species using the IS 3025 method; and carbonaceous species using a total organic carbon analyzer. Enrichment factor and Spearman＇s rank correlation analysis were carried out on compositional data. Significant seasonal variations were observed for TSP with totals in sum- mer 〉 spring 〉 winter 〉 monsoon. Low concentrations during monsoon reflected wet scavenging, while high concentrations during summer were related to wind turbulence and low humidity. The chemical mass balance model CMB8.2 was applied to apportion sources. Particles related to steel production, road dust, and soil were dominant in all seasons. A fertilizer plant was found to contribute particles in summer and monsoon. Wood combustion, diesel exhaust, and liquefied petroleum gas contributed significantly in spring and winter. While diesel exhaust, industrial manufacturing, solid waste burning, cement kilns, and construction were found to contribute to TSP at various times throughout the year.