Phoxim（emulsifiable concentrate（EC） and granules（G）） has been widely used in bamboo forests. The persistence and magnitude of phoxim residues in the crop and soil must be investigated to ensure human and environ...Phoxim（emulsifiable concentrate（EC） and granules（G）） has been widely used in bamboo forests. The persistence and magnitude of phoxim residues in the crop and soil must be investigated to ensure human and environmental safety. The environmental behaviors of the two formulations were investigated in a bamboo forest under soil surface mulching conditions（CP） and non-covered cultivation conditions（NCP）. The half-lives of phoxim in soil under the two conditions in soil were 4.1–6.2 days（EC） and 31.5–49.5 days（G）,respectively. Phoxim in EC could be leached from the topsoil into the subsoil. A minimized leaching effect was observed for G under NCP. Inversely, an enhanced leaching effect was observed for G under CP. The G formulation resulted in more parent compound（in bamboo shoots） and metabolite（in soil） residues of phoxim than in the case of EC, especially under CP conditions. In addition, the intensity and duration of the formulation effect on soil p H adjustment from G were more obvious than that from EC. Results showed that the environmental behaviors（distribution, degradation, residue） of phoxim in the bamboo forest were significantly influenced by the type of formulation. The prolongation effect from phoxim G might cause persistence and long-term environmental risk. However,bamboo shoot consumption could be considered relatively safe after applying the recommended dose of the two phoxim formulations.展开更多
基金financial support from the Applied Research Project in the Public Interest of Zhejiang Province (Nos: 2013C32106, 2015C32071)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institution of CAF (No. RISF61252)the Special Fund for Forestry Scientific Research in the Public Interest (No. 201304705)
文摘Phoxim（emulsifiable concentrate（EC） and granules（G）） has been widely used in bamboo forests. The persistence and magnitude of phoxim residues in the crop and soil must be investigated to ensure human and environmental safety. The environmental behaviors of the two formulations were investigated in a bamboo forest under soil surface mulching conditions（CP） and non-covered cultivation conditions（NCP）. The half-lives of phoxim in soil under the two conditions in soil were 4.1–6.2 days（EC） and 31.5–49.5 days（G）,respectively. Phoxim in EC could be leached from the topsoil into the subsoil. A minimized leaching effect was observed for G under NCP. Inversely, an enhanced leaching effect was observed for G under CP. The G formulation resulted in more parent compound（in bamboo shoots） and metabolite（in soil） residues of phoxim than in the case of EC, especially under CP conditions. In addition, the intensity and duration of the formulation effect on soil p H adjustment from G were more obvious than that from EC. Results showed that the environmental behaviors（distribution, degradation, residue） of phoxim in the bamboo forest were significantly influenced by the type of formulation. The prolongation effect from phoxim G might cause persistence and long-term environmental risk. However,bamboo shoot consumption could be considered relatively safe after applying the recommended dose of the two phoxim formulations.
