Determination of the Antioxidant Potentials of Two Different Varieties of Banana Peels in Two Different Solvents

Fruit wastes which are perishable pose a big problem to pollution monitoring agencies;however these problems can be reduced by utilizing the high value compounds present in the food waste. Banana peels contain a reasonable number of antioxidant compounds such as gallocatechin and dopamine. This paper investigates the anti-oxidant potential of two different varieties of Banana peels (Dwarf cavandish and Musa omini). The peels were extracted with two different solvents (Methanol and Ethanol) using the soxhlet extractor. The results show that ethanolic extracts have higher phenolics and flavonoid contents (336.83 - 383.83 mgGAE/100g, 242.83 - 252.82 mgRutin/100g) compared to the methanolic extracts of the same banana varieties (299.42 - 344 mgGAE/100g, 240.77 - 241.23 mgRutin/100g). However methanolic extracts exhibit higher DPPH Antioxidants Activity (30.82% - 51.66%) compared to ethanolic extracts (25.44% - 30.27%). This implies that antioxidative compounds other than phenolics and flavonoids were also involved in inhibiting the DPPH Radicals. It was also observed that at any concentration between 0.5 - 2.5 mg, ethanol extracts of both dwarf cavandish and musa omini had higher reducing power than the other two varieties.

Heavy metals adsorption by banana peels micro-powder: Equilibrium modeling by non-linear models

In this study the copper and lead adsorption efficiency onto banana peels powder was investigated. The agroindustrial waste recovery represents one of the Circular Economy pillars. In the view of the synthesis of an environmentally friendly adsorbent material, the powder was used without any preliminary chemical or thermal activation, but only after simple washing, drying and grinding. The bio-adsorbent was characterized by the FTIR technique and tested in batch mode on synthetic aqueous solutions containing Pb and Cu in the range 10–90 mg·L^(-1). A selection of two(Langmuir, Freundlich) and three(Sips, Redlich–Peterson, Koble–Corrigan) parameter isotherm models was chosen to fit adsorption equilibrium data by non-linear regression procedure. The best fit isotherm model was selected relying on the error function with the lowest average percentage error(APE) value, among those characterized by the highest R^2 values. As expected, the three-parameter models are found to better represent both metals bio-adsorption, with APE and R^2 values always lower and higher, respectively, than the corresponding values obtained for the two-parameter models.

Lead removal from aqueous medium using fruit peels and polyaniline composites in aqueous and non-aqueous solvents in the presence of polyethylene glycol

In the present study,composites of Polyaniline and some fruit peels were synthesized in various conditions and used for lead removal from aqueous solutions.Adsorption tests were conducted in batch mode using the most efficient adsorbent,and the effects of medium pH,initial lead concentration,contact time,adsorbent dosage,and adsorption isotherms were investigated.The results showed that all composites were more efficient in lead removal compared to the fruit peels alone.The highest removal percentage was related to the composite of banana peel and Polyaniline that synthesized in the aqueous solution in the presence of 2 g·L^(-1) Poly ethylene glycol.This composite showed 95.96%lead adsorption at pH=6,the contact time of 90 min,the initial lead concentration of 25 mg·L^(-1),and an adsorbent concentration of 8 g·L^(-1).Adsorption isotherm study showed that adsorption of lead by synthesized composite could be fitted by both Langmuir and Freundlich models,but the Langmuir model was more fitted than Freundlich.Besides,some characteristics of the composites,such as chemical composition(XRD analysis),structure,and morphology(SEM analysis)and functional groups(FTIR analysis),were studied.

Adsorption Isotherm Study of Activated Fruit Peels for Copper Removal

Heavy metal polluted water threatens the integrity of ecosystem.The use of agricultural waste as adsorbent becomes popular due to its biodegradability and availability.However,limited research works has been done to process agricultural waste for heavy metal adsorption purpose.The objective of this study is to propose a new approach to treat banana peel using ZnCl_(2) prior to alkali and acid treatment and explore the potential of dragon fruit peels as the adsorbent for Cu^(2+)adsorption.Seven adsorption isotherm was adopted to identify the adsorption mechanism and four statistical parameters were calculated for model verification purpose.The experiment was conducted by dispersing ZnCl_(2) treated and untreated adsorbents into Cu^(2+) solution.Results showed that ZnCl_(2) treated adsorbents performed better in terms of Cu^(2+) removal compared with untreated adsorbents due to higher surface area for Cu^(2+) adsorption.The treated banana peel(Act.-B)performed approximately 30%better than the treated dragon fruit peel(Act.-D)due to the presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups.The equilibrium adsorptive capacity of Act.-B was 1872.8 mg Cu^(2+)/g and the experimental data fitted Freundlich isotherm well with R^(2)=0.9978,0.0161 of residual sum of error(SSE),0.0068 of χ^(2),and 0.0567 of root mean square error(RMSE)values.This suggests non⁃linear adsorption and multilayer adsorption on heterogenous surfaces.Thus,it is recommended to further improve the surface properties of Act.-B by steam pyrolysis and surface modification.

Characterizations of Banana Peel and its Efficiency for Copper Adsorption

This research described the chemical and physical characterizations of banana （Musa sapientum Linn） peel for adsorption of copper. The FT-IR spectroscopy, BET （surface area） and SEM （scanning electron microscopy） coupled with EDX （energy dispersive X-ray） analysis were used for characterizations, while copper concentration was determined by ICP spectroscopy. The different parameters： pH values 3.0 to 9.0, banana dose （0.1 g to 0.7 g） and adsorption times （30 min to 180 min） were investigated for studying an adsorption efficient. It was found that banana peel （0.1 g） was a bio-adsorbent for copper adsorption under the suitable conditions at pH 7.0 and 90 min adsorption time. The sorption pattern was additionally found to be in linear form, according to the Freundlich and Langmuir equations with R2 = 0.966 and 0.994, respectively.

Banana Peel for Acetylsalicylic Acid Retention

A method for adsorption involving banana peel (BP) was studied to remove the pollutant acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in aqueous medium. The results show that bioadsorbent has satisfactory maximum adsorption capacity (2.29 mg/g) for removing this analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug in aqueous solution (pH 7.0) using the Langmuir mathematical model. The tested concentrations of this pollutant were higher than the levels commonly found in the aquatic environment. This and other results suggest the BP as an alternative to ASA removal in water contaminated with pharmaceuticals pollutants.

Heteroatom-doped porous carbon from methyl orange dye wastewater for oxygen reduction

Banana peel-derived porous carbon(BPPC) was prepared from banana peel and used as an adsorbent for methyl orange(MO) wastewater removal. BPPC-MO50 is a N,S-doped BPPC obtained via secondary carbonization. The BPPC-MO50 exhibited a high specific surface area of1774.3 m^2/g. Heteroatom-doped porous carbon(PC) was successfully synthesized from the BPPC absorbed MO at high temperature and used for oxygen reduction. The BPPC-MO50 displayed the highest ORR onset potential among all carbon-based electrocatalysts, i.e., 0.93 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE). This is the first report to describe porous carbon-activated materials from agriculture and forestry waste that is used for adsorption of dyes from wastewater via an enhanced heteroatom(N,S) content. These results may contribute to the sustainable development of dye wastewater treatment by transforming saturated PC into an effective material and has potential applications in fuel cells or as energy sources.

Probing nutritional and functional properties of salted noodles supplemented with ripen Banana peel powder

Banana peel is appreciated for higher dietary fiber, phenolics, flavonoid contents, and minerals (particularly iron, calcium, and potassium), despite being a waste product. After drying, it can be processed into powder/flour to be combined with wheat flour (WF) for development of value-added products. In this study, we substituted WF with banana peel powder (BPP) at supplementation rates of 5, 10, and 15%, and evaluated their suitability to develop salted noodles. The results showed that the composite flour with 15% BPP had significantly higher protein, ash, and crude fiber content as compared to control. Higher antioxidant capacity was observed in composite flour noodles: total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing power (FRAP) and DPPH reducing power were increased up to 278, 260, 143 and 13 percent respectively in the noodles containing 15% BPP as compared to control (100% WF). On the other hand, values for viscosity decreased up to 22% with addition of BPP in WF. Furthermore, water absorption capacity and cooking losses were increased up to 15 and 13 percent respectively with 15% BPP incorporation in WF. Results for sensory evaluation demonstrated that noodles with 10% BPP scored highest for sensory profile.

Utilization of fruit waste for H_(2)-rich syngas production via steam co-gasification with brown coal

In this work,to efficiently utilize waste fruit and low-rank coal for the hydrogen(H_(2))-rich syngas production,steam co-gasification of banana peel(BP)and brown coal(BC)was studied in a fixed-bed reactor.The results showed that the gasification rate of BC was highly enhanced after mixing it with BP and the obvious synergistic effect was observed in all investigated three mixing weight ratios(i.e.,1:1,1:4,4:1),resulting in a higher carbon conversion as well as a H_(2)-rich gas production yield for the co-gasification.However,the extent of promotion by synergistic effect was affected by the reaction temperature,mixing ratio,and steam amount.It was found that the high potassium(K)species content in the BP provided the catalytic effect not only on water-gas shift reaction but also on tar reforming/cracking,thereby enhancing the gasification of BC.In addition,it is confirmed that steam should be an important factor to promote the synergistic effect and H_(2)-rich gas production.