Experimental study on the variation of optical remote sensing imaging characteristics of internal solitary waves with wind speed

Optical remote sensing has been widely used to study internal solitary waves(ISWs).Wind speed has an important effect on ISW imaging of optical remote sensing.The light and dark bands of ISWs cannot be observed by optical remote sensing when the wind is too strong.The relationship between the characteristics of ISWs bands in optical remote sensing images and the wind speed is still unclear.The influence of wind speeds on the characteristics of the ISWs bands is investigated based on the physical simulation experiments with the wind speeds of 1.6,3.1,3.5,3.8,and 3.9 m/s.The experimental results show that when the wind speed is 3.9 m/s,the ISWs bands cannot be observed in optical remote sensing images with the stratification of h_(1)∶h_(2)=7∶58,ρ_(1)∶ρ_(2)=1∶1.04.When the wind speeds are 3.1,3.5,and 3.8 m/s,which is lower than 3.9 m/s,the ISWs bands can be obtained in the simulated optical remote sensing image.The location of the band’s dark and light extremum and the band’s peak-to-peak spacing are almost not affected by wind speed.More-significant wind speeds can cause a greater gray difference of the light-dark bands.This provided a scientific basis for further understanding of ISW optical remote sensing imaging.

Stop band characteristics of a TESLA cavity coaxial-type HOM coupler

A TTF-type coaxial higher order modes （HOM） coupler has been used in a TESLA 9 cell cavity. It is impossible to measure the stop band characteristics of the HOM coupler with the cavity. A measurement device for the coaxial transmission line type for the HOM coupler has been designed at Peking University. Experimentally it was shown that the average voltage standing wave ratio of the coaxial transmission line is smaller than 1.08. The experimental results of the stop band characteristics of the TTF-type HOM coupler have been fitted for the simulation. This paper describes the design of the measurement device and discusses the experimental and simulation results of stop band characteristics of the HOM coupler.

Plastic deformation behavior of Fe_(40)Ni_(40)P_(14)B_6 bulk metallic glass investigated by nanoindentation

Fe40Ni40P14B6 bulk metallic glass rods have been prepared by water quenching the fluxed alloy. The deformation behavior was investigated by nanoindentation tests and compressing tests. The average hardness and elastic modulus of the as-prepared Fe40Ni40P14B6 BMG (bulk metallic glass) measured by nanoindentation tests are 8.347 and 176.61 GPa respectively. The displace- ment-load curve shows “pop-in” characteristics which correspond to the loading rate bursts. Many shear bands around the indent were observed. The as-prepared Fe-based BMG exhibits a compressive plastic strain of 5.21%, which is much larger than that of other Fe-based glassy alloys and most of other BMGs.

Single-ended protection method for hybrid HVDC transmission line based on transient voltage characteristic frequency band

Hybrid high-voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission has the characteristic of long transmission distance,complex corridor environment,and rapid fault evolution of direct current(DC)lines.As high fault current can easily cause irreversible damage to power devices,rapid and reliable line protection and isolation are necessary to improve the security and reliability of hybrid HVDC transmission system.To address such requirement,this paper proposes a single-ended protection method based on transient voltage frequency band characteristics.First,the frequency characteristics of the smoothing reactor,DC filter,and DC line are analyzed,and the characteristic frequency band is defined.A fault criterion is then constructed based on the voltage characteristic frequency band energy,and faulty pole selection is performed according to the fault voltage characteristic frequency band energy ratio.The proposed protection method is verified by simulation,and the results show that it can rapidly and reliably identify internal and external faults,accurately select faulty poles without data communication synchronization,and has good fault-resist-ance and anti-interference performance.

A new method of searching for concealed Au deposits by using the spectrum of arid desert plant species

With the increase of exploration depth,it is more and more difficult to find Au deposits.Due to the limitation of time and cost,traditional geological exploration methods are becoming increasingly difficult to be effectively applied.Thus,new methods and ideas are urgently needed.This study assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of using hyperspectral technology to prospect for hidden Au deposits.For this purpose,48 plant(Seriphidium terrae-albae)and soil(aeolian gravel desert soil)samples were first collected along a sampling line that traverses an Au mineralization alteration zone(Aketasi mining region in an arid region of China)and were used to obtain soil Au contents by a chemical analysis method and the reflectance spectra of plants obtained with an Analytical Spectral Device(ASD)FieldSpec3 spectrometer.Then,the corresponding relationship between the soil Au content anomaly and concealed Au deposits was investigated.Additionally,the characteristic bands were selected from plant spectra using four different methods,namely,genetic algorithm(GA),stepwise regression analysis(STE),competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS),and correlation coefficient method(CC),and were then input into the partial least squares(PLS)method to construct a model for estimating the soil Au content.Finally,the quantitative relationship between the soil Au content and the 15 different plant transformation spectra was established using the PLS method.The results were compared with those of a model based on the full spectrum.The results obtained in this study indicate that the location of concealed Au deposits can be predicted based on soil geochemical anomaly information,and it is feasible and effective to use the full plant spectrum and PLS method to estimate the Au content in the soil.The cross-validated coefficient of determination(R2)and the ratio of the performance to deviation(RPD)between the predicted value and the measured value reached the maximum of 0.8218 and 2.37,respectively,with a minimum value of 6.56μg/kg for the root-mean-squared error(RMSE)in the full spectrum model.However,in the process of modeling,it is crucial to select the appropriate transformation spectrum as the input parameter for the PLS method.Compared with the GA,STE,and CC methods,CARS was the superior characteristic band screening method based on the accuracy and complexity of the model.When modeling with characteristic bands,the highest accuracy,R2 of 0.8016,RMSE of 7.07μg/kg,and RPD of 2.20 were obtained when 56 characteristic bands were selected from the transformed spectra(1/lnR)'(where it represents the first derivative of the reciprocal of the logarithmic spectrum)of sampled plants using the CARS method and were input into the PLS method to construct an inversion model of the Au content in the soil.Thus,characteristic bands can replace the full spectrum when constructing a model for estimating the soil Au content.Finally,this study proposes a method of using plant spectra to find concealed Au deposits,which may have promising application prospects because of its simplicity and rapidity.

Selection of characteristic spectral bands for the analysis by the NIR correlation coefficient method

We analyzed the infrared 0R）-near infrared （NIR） 2D correlation spectra of drugs perturbed by temperature. By identification of functional groups by IR spectrum and by the correlation analysis of IR-NIR spectrum, we identified the characteristic spectral bands that were closely related to the structure of a drug substance of interest. These characteristic spectral bands were relatively less interfered by other ingredients for analysis by the NIR correlation coefficient method. With these characteristic spectral bands, the accuracy of screening illegally added Sildenafil citrate, Tadalafil and Metforrnin hydrochloride in Chinese patent drugs and healthcare products reached about 90%, which met the requirements of rapid screening.

Elastic wave propagation and localization in band gap materials:a review

Band gap materials(i.e.phononic crystals) are the artificially periodic structures,which have the stop band characteristic for elastic waves.The elastic waves will be localized in phononic crystals with defects,which results in the energy being accumulated around the defects.As a result,it is important to analyze the wave propagation and localization in band gap materials,especially for the structures consisting of smart materials.For example,with the mechanical-electro and mechanical-electro-magneto coupling,the phononic crystals consisting of piezoelectric and magnetoelectroelastic materials can be applied widely.This sets the theoretical basis for the design of band gap materials with multi fields coupling.This paper reviews the recent development of the elastic wave propagation and localization in both ordered and disordered band gap materials.The discussion focuses on the stop band and localization characteristics of elastic waves.Analytical methods and important results are also presented.Finally,some problems for further studies are discussed.This work aims to present the basic properties of wave band gaps in phononic crystals and wave localization in disordered periodic structures(e.g.phononic crystals with definite and random defects and phononic quasicrystals).

The characteristic of power flow in broad band dynamic vibration absorber

DVA (dynamic vibration absorber) is good for restrain of the resonance vibration in low frequency, especially under the condition that there are only one mode or two modes in a frequency band. It seems rather difficult to control the resonance vibration of elastic structures in high frequency, since usually there are so many modes in high frequency band. The broad band DVA is brought forward to reduce the resonance vibration of elastic structures. The broad band DVA is designed on the basis of the characteristic of power flow in structure in this paper. The broad band DVA is effective on absorbing the resonance vibration power flow of the most important modes. The ability of absorbing vibration for the broad band DVA is analyzed in detail. The results obtained in this paper provide a basis for the optimization design of the broad band DVA and the optimization positions on structures.