Absorption and refraction of the inner transition F2 ←→F3 of the closed four level N-type atom have been investigated under a weak field. The outer transitions F1←→F3 and F2←→F4 are resonantly interacted with dr...Absorption and refraction of the inner transition F2 ←→F3 of the closed four level N-type atom have been investigated under a weak field. The outer transitions F1←→F3 and F2←→F4 are resonantly interacted with drive field with frequency ωc and Rabi frequency Ωc, and saturation field with ωs and Ωs, respectively. For the suitable Rabi frequencies Ωc and Ωs, we obtain the Mellow absorption spectrum of probe field. The reason is that the drive field excites the atom to the upper level F3 and simultaneously the saturation field takes the atom out of the lower level F2, leading to the stimulated emission. Meanwhile, due to the dynamic energy splitting induced by the drive and saturation fields, the two- and four-peaked absorption spectra are observed. At the zero off-resonance detuning of probe field, we also find the transfer of dispersion from negative to positive with an increment of Ωs. Finally, the refractive index enhancement is predicted for a wide spectral region.展开更多
Laser pulse nonlinear transmission measurements through saturable absorbers of known absorption parameters allow the measurement of their energy density. On the other hand, nonlinear transmission measurements of laser...Laser pulse nonlinear transmission measurements through saturable absorbers of known absorption parameters allow the measurement of their energy density. On the other hand, nonlinear transmission measurements of laser pulses of known energy density through absorbing media allow their absorption parameter determination. The peak energy density w0P of second harmonic pulses of a mode-locked titanium sapphire laser at wavelength λP = 400 nm is determined by nonlinear energy transmission measurement TE through the dye ADS084BE (1,4-bis(9-ethyl-3-car-bazovinylene)-2-methoxy-5-(2’-ethyl-hexyloxy)-benzene) in tetrahydrofuran. TE(w0P) calibration curves are calculated for laser pulse peak energy density reading w0P from measured pulse energy transmissions TE. The ground-state absorption cross-section σP and the excited-state absorption cross-section σex at λP, and the number density N0 of the retinal Schiff base isoform RetA in pH 7.4 buffer of the blue-light adapted recombinant rhodopsin fragment of the histidine kinase rhodopsin HKR1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were determined by picosecond titanium sapphire second harmonic laser pulse energy transmission measurement TE through RetA as a function of laser input peak energy density w0P. The complete absorption cross-section spectrum展开更多
Microwave-assisted extraction is a new effective method which has practical ap-plications in many fields. Microwave heating is one of its physical mechanisms,and it also has the characteristic of selectivity. When the...Microwave-assisted extraction is a new effective method which has practical ap-plications in many fields. Microwave heating is one of its physical mechanisms,and it also has the characteristic of selectivity. When the applied microwave fre-quency equals a certain absorption frequency of the material (or specific compo-nent),the material will intensively absorb microwave energy. This is also known as resonant absorption,and the frequency is called the peak absorption frequency which depends on the physical structure of the material. In this work,dynamic hy-drogen bond energy was included in molecular activation energy; with the liquid cell model,the expression of interaction energy between dipolar molecules was derived. The rotational relaxation time was gotten from the Eyring viscosity formula. Then based on the relationship between dielectric dissipation coefficient and re-laxation time,the expression of microwave peak absorption frequency as a func-tion of the material physical structure,rotational inertia and electrical dipole mo-ment of molecules was established. These theoretical formulas were applied to water and benzene,and the calculated results agree fairly well with the experi-mental data. This work can not only deepen the study of the interaction between microwave and material,but also provide a possible guide for the experiment of microwave-assisted extraction.展开更多
A new highly sensitive spectroscopy technique-differential photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is presented in this paper. The blood samples from 3 healthy persons, patients with leukemia, patients with pregnancy-induced...A new highly sensitive spectroscopy technique-differential photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is presented in this paper. The blood samples from 3 healthy persons, patients with leukemia, patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), and 40 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were measured by the PAS technique. The normalized, the first order, and the second order differential photo-acoustic spectroscopy of the blood were gained. The results show that ( i) weak absorption peaks or shoulder peaks, which could not be found using conventional photoacoustic spectroscopy, were determined by the first order and the second order differential photoacoustic spectroscopy which significantly improve the sensitivity of detection; and (ii) that two characteristic absorption peaks were found at the wavelength of 637 and 664 nm in all persons’ blood samples by the differential photoacoustic spectroscopy technique. This experiment concludes that the differential photoacoustic spectroscopy technique is superior展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos 10334010 10304001, 10521002, 10434020, 10328407 and 90501007）. We are grateful to Professor Zhang J X for her helpful discussions.
文摘Absorption and refraction of the inner transition F2 ←→F3 of the closed four level N-type atom have been investigated under a weak field. The outer transitions F1←→F3 and F2←→F4 are resonantly interacted with drive field with frequency ωc and Rabi frequency Ωc, and saturation field with ωs and Ωs, respectively. For the suitable Rabi frequencies Ωc and Ωs, we obtain the Mellow absorption spectrum of probe field. The reason is that the drive field excites the atom to the upper level F3 and simultaneously the saturation field takes the atom out of the lower level F2, leading to the stimulated emission. Meanwhile, due to the dynamic energy splitting induced by the drive and saturation fields, the two- and four-peaked absorption spectra are observed. At the zero off-resonance detuning of probe field, we also find the transfer of dispersion from negative to positive with an increment of Ωs. Finally, the refractive index enhancement is predicted for a wide spectral region.
文摘Laser pulse nonlinear transmission measurements through saturable absorbers of known absorption parameters allow the measurement of their energy density. On the other hand, nonlinear transmission measurements of laser pulses of known energy density through absorbing media allow their absorption parameter determination. The peak energy density w0P of second harmonic pulses of a mode-locked titanium sapphire laser at wavelength λP = 400 nm is determined by nonlinear energy transmission measurement TE through the dye ADS084BE (1,4-bis(9-ethyl-3-car-bazovinylene)-2-methoxy-5-(2’-ethyl-hexyloxy)-benzene) in tetrahydrofuran. TE(w0P) calibration curves are calculated for laser pulse peak energy density reading w0P from measured pulse energy transmissions TE. The ground-state absorption cross-section σP and the excited-state absorption cross-section σex at λP, and the number density N0 of the retinal Schiff base isoform RetA in pH 7.4 buffer of the blue-light adapted recombinant rhodopsin fragment of the histidine kinase rhodopsin HKR1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were determined by picosecond titanium sapphire second harmonic laser pulse energy transmission measurement TE through RetA as a function of laser input peak energy density w0P. The complete absorption cross-section spectrum
基金the Guangdong Science and Technology Project (Grant No 2007A050100025)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10674048)
文摘Microwave-assisted extraction is a new effective method which has practical ap-plications in many fields. Microwave heating is one of its physical mechanisms,and it also has the characteristic of selectivity. When the applied microwave fre-quency equals a certain absorption frequency of the material (or specific compo-nent),the material will intensively absorb microwave energy. This is also known as resonant absorption,and the frequency is called the peak absorption frequency which depends on the physical structure of the material. In this work,dynamic hy-drogen bond energy was included in molecular activation energy; with the liquid cell model,the expression of interaction energy between dipolar molecules was derived. The rotational relaxation time was gotten from the Eyring viscosity formula. Then based on the relationship between dielectric dissipation coefficient and re-laxation time,the expression of microwave peak absorption frequency as a func-tion of the material physical structure,rotational inertia and electrical dipole mo-ment of molecules was established. These theoretical formulas were applied to water and benzene,and the calculated results agree fairly well with the experi-mental data. This work can not only deepen the study of the interaction between microwave and material,but also provide a possible guide for the experiment of microwave-assisted extraction.
基金This work was supported by the Provincial Natural Sciences Foundation of Guandong (Grant Nos. 980046, 970088 and 015012).
文摘A new highly sensitive spectroscopy technique-differential photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is presented in this paper. The blood samples from 3 healthy persons, patients with leukemia, patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), and 40 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were measured by the PAS technique. The normalized, the first order, and the second order differential photo-acoustic spectroscopy of the blood were gained. The results show that ( i) weak absorption peaks or shoulder peaks, which could not be found using conventional photoacoustic spectroscopy, were determined by the first order and the second order differential photoacoustic spectroscopy which significantly improve the sensitivity of detection; and (ii) that two characteristic absorption peaks were found at the wavelength of 637 and 664 nm in all persons’ blood samples by the differential photoacoustic spectroscopy technique. This experiment concludes that the differential photoacoustic spectroscopy technique is superior
