Research on a deconvolution algorithm for laser-induced fluorescence diagnosis based on the maximum entropy principle

Laser-induced fluorescence(LIF)spectroscopy is employed for plasma diagnosis,necessitating the utilization of deconvolution algorithms to isolate the Doppler effect from the raw spectral signal.However,direct deconvolution becomes invalid in the presence of noise as it leads to infinite amplification of high-frequency noise components.To address this issue,we propose a deconvolution algorithm based on the maximum entropy principle.We validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by utilizing simulated LIF spectra at various noise levels(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR=20–80 d B)and measured LIF spectra with Xe as the working fluid.In the typical measured spectrum(SNR=26.23 d B)experiment,compared with the Gaussian filter and the Richardson–Lucy(R-L)algorithm,the proposed algorithm demonstrates an increase in SNR of 1.39 d B and 4.66 d B,respectively,along with a reduction in the root-meansquare error(RMSE)of 35%and 64%,respectively.Additionally,there is a decrease in the spectral angle(SA)of 0.05 and 0.11,respectively.In the high-quality spectrum(SNR=43.96 d B)experiment,the results show that the running time of the proposed algorithm is reduced by about98%compared with the R-L iterative algorithm.Moreover,the maximum entropy algorithm avoids parameter optimization settings and is more suitable for automatic implementation.In conclusion,the proposed algorithm can accurately resolve Doppler spectrum details while effectively suppressing noise,thus highlighting its advantage in LIF spectral deconvolution applications.

Entropy generation analysis of tangent hyperbolic fluid in quadratic Boussinesq approximation using spectral quasi-linearization method

In many industrial applications,heat transfer and tangent hyperbolic fluid flow processes have been garnering increasing attention,owing to their immense importance in technology,engineering,and science.These processes are relevant for polymer solutions,porous industrial materials,ceramic processing,oil recovery,and fluid beds.The present tangent hyperbolic fluid flow and heat transfer model accurately predicts the shear-thinning phenomenon and describes the blood flow characteristics.Therefore,the entropy production analysis of a non-Newtonian tangent hyperbolic material flow through a vertical microchannel with a quadratic density temperature fluctuation(quadratic/nonlinear Boussinesq approximation)is performed in the present study.The impacts of the hydrodynamic flow and Newton’s thermal conditions on the flow,heat transfer,and entropy generation are analyzed.The governing nonlinear equations are solved with the spectral quasi-linearization method(SQLM).The obtained results are compared with those calculated with a finite element method and the bvp4c routine.In addition,the effects of key parameters on the velocity of the hyperbolic tangent material,the entropy generation,the temperature,and the Nusselt number are discussed.The entropy generation increases with the buoyancy force,the pressure gradient factor,the non-linear convection,and the Eckert number.The non-Newtonian fluid factor improves the magnitude of the velocity field.The power-law index of the hyperbolic fluid and the Weissenberg number are found to be favorable for increasing the temperature field.The buoyancy force caused by the nonlinear change in the fluid density versus temperature improves the thermal energy of the system.

Spectral entropy analysis of different alpha band rhythms in relation to hand motor imagery

The event-related desynchronization/synchronization(ERD/ERS) time courses of lower and upper alpha band rhythms during hand motor imagery are investigated respectively by Fourier Sectral Entropy (FSE) in this paper. By analyzing one group of BCI competition data, it was found that FSE within upper alpha band displays a pronounced increase and decrease over contralateral and ipsilateral brain areas respectively at the onset of hand motor imagery, which is corresponding to the antagonistic ERD/ERS patterns in previous studies. Different from the upper alpha activity pattern, FSE within lower alpha band displays a consistent increase over both two hemispheres hand representative areas. The preliminary results show that FSE could disclose the different behaviors of the upper and lower alpha band rhythms so that a new idea with the complexity measure is provided to characterize functional dissociation of lower and upper frequency alpha rhythms in relation to hand motor imagery.

Statistical analysis of Epileptic activities based on Histogram and Wavelet-Spectral entropy

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder which is identified by successive unexpected seizures. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the electrical signal of brain which contains valuable information about its normal or epileptic activity. In this work EEG and its frequency sub-bands have been analysed to detect epileptic seizures. A discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has been applied to decompose the EEG into its sub-bands. Applying histogram and Spectral entropy approaches to the EEG sub-bands, normal and abnormal states of brain can be distinguished with more than 99% probability.

瑞马唑仑用于重症监护病房俯卧位通气深镇静诱导的半数有效剂量

目的测定瑞马唑仑用于重症监护病房(ICU)患者俯卧位通气深镇静诱导的半数有效剂量(ED50)。方法选择2022年11月至2023年7月达州市中心医院收入ICU的早期中、重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)行俯卧位通气深镇静患者45例,给药舒芬太尼0.4μg/kg使重症监护疼痛观察工具(CPOT)评分达0~1分后,使用瑞马唑仑诱导镇静,镇静达标后开始俯卧位通气。瑞马唑仑诱导镇静的剂量由改良Dixon序贯试验法确定,根据预试验确定瑞马唑仑的起始剂量为0.2 mg/kg,剂量梯度为0.025 mg/kg。镇静达标定义为给药后3 min内Richmond躁动-镇静评分(RASS)≤-4分且光谱熵(SE)≤50。但如俯卧位通气3 min之内出现明显的体动、皱眉、流泪、呛咳和吞咽等反应且RASS>-4分或SE>50,仍表示镇静不理想。镇静达标且理想则下一例患者在上一例的给药剂量基础上降低一个梯度,若镇静未达标或不理想,下一例给药剂量升高一个梯度。连续出现10次交叉后终止研究。运用Probit回归分析法,计算出瑞马唑仑的ED50和95%有效剂量(ED95)。记录给药前后心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))及俯卧位通气中心动过缓和恶心呕吐等不良反应的发生情况。结果瑞马唑仑用于ICU患者俯卧位通气深镇静诱导的ED50为0.228 mg/kg(95%CI 0.208~0.248),ED95为0.365 mg/kg(95%CI 0.299-0.518)。与舒芬太尼镇痛达标后(T_(1))比较,瑞马唑仑诱导镇静后2 min(T_(2))和俯卧位通气后2 min(T_(3))各时间点的血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T_(3)时HR、MAP及RR较T_(1)和T_(2)时均有下降(P<0.05),但下降幅度在20%以内;T_(2)和T_(3)时镇静深度指标RASS及SE比T_(1)时显著下降(P<0.01)。诱导期间3例患者出现低血压,给予麻黄碱有效;2例患者出现心动过缓,给予阿托品有效,无其他不良反应。结论瑞马唑仑用于ICU患者俯卧位通气深镇静诱导的ED50为0.228 mg/kg,ED95为0.365 mg/kg,镇静效果确切,呼吸循环影响较小,不良反应少。

高比例新能源并网含抽蓄的联合系统变时段日前调度

为提高高比例新能源并网电力系统中火电机组的平稳运行,提出含抽蓄联合系统变时段日前调度策略。首先,根据抽蓄机组的最优调节区间进行净负荷频谱分析,得到其频域下的波动性质;其次,将波动量与高频分量的模糊熵共同作为评价指标,划分为不同调度模式;再次,以系统总成本最小为目标,建立考虑抽蓄最优调节的变时段日前调度模型,确定调度计划;最后,通过算例分析验证所提策略的有效性。

高分辨率层序地层学在北部湾盆地重点层系选段中的应用

北部湾盆地是南海北部五大含油气盆地之一,油气资源潜力大、有较好的勘探前景,但是北部湾盆地三级构造单元海中凹陷古近系涠洲组地质研究程度较低、地层厚度大,严重制约了海中凹陷的油气勘探。高分辨率层序地层学在低勘探程度区域是一种有效的地层划分手段。依托三维地震资料、测井资料、岩心资料,在地震剖面二、三级层序界面和测井层序界面识别的基础上,采用最大熵谱分析、小波变换分析、岩心分析方法,对海中凹陷涠洲组进行了高分辨率层序识别与划分,研究表明最大熵谱分析对于三、四级层序界面具有较高的分辨性,小波变换可以进行四—六级及更高级别旋回分析,而岩心资料可以进行短期、超短期旋回分析。综合三维地震、测井、最大熵谱分析、小波变换技术和岩心资料将涠洲组划分为1个二级层序,包括6个三级层序、13个四级层序,并且根据13个四级层序含砂率对比,涠三段SQ6-LST四级层序含砂率最高,涠三段SQ6-HST四级层序次之,勘探潜力较大。本研究对低勘探程度凹陷重点层系选段具有一定指导意义。

基于信息图-MCKD的高速列车牵引电机轴承故障诊断算法研究

高速列车牵引电机轴承故障特征微弱且干扰噪声强,为解决电机轴承故障特征难以提取的问题,文章提出了一种基于谱负熵信息图与最大相关峭度解卷积(MCKD)的电机轴承故障诊断方法。首先,对故障轴承振动信号进行基于谱负熵的信息图处理,确定最佳中心频带和带宽,从而对轴承振动信号进行带通滤波;然后,对滤波后的信号采用MCKD方法进行故障特征增强;最后,对故障特征增强后的信号进行包络分析,识别出电机轴承的故障特征。经仿真信号和台架试验数据验证,结果表明,信息图-MCKD方法对牵引电机轴承故障诊断具有良好效果。

基于Hilbert包络谱熵和GA-SVM的水轮发电机轴承故障诊断

水轮发电机轴承在运行时承受着整体机组的轴向负荷与复杂水推力,针对其产生的非稳态、非线性特征的振动信号,提出一种基于Hilbert包络谱分析与遗传算法支持向量机(GA-SVM)相结合的诊断方法,用于轴承故障状态的识别。首先对推力轴承运行时产生的振动信号进行集合经验模态分解(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,EEMD),分解成若干个固有模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF),依据峭度准则选取主要IMF分量并通过Hilbert包络谱分析,计算包络谱熵,将归一化后的包络谱熵作为特征向量输入GA-SVM进行训练与故障识别。仿真实验结果表明,基于EEMD包络谱熵分析法相比于时频域图像处理能更好地提取出复杂工况下的故障信号特征,遗传算法支持向量机识别准确率达96.87%,该算法模型可进一步应用于水轮发电机轴承故障诊断。

基于图谱功率谱熵和最大均值差异的GIS机械状态辨识方法

针对常规方法对于气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备(Gas Insulated Switchgear,GIS)机械缺陷的特征识别稳定性差、识别率低的问题,在图谱理论的基础上,提出一种基于图谱功率谱熵和最大均值差异(Maximum Mean Discrepancy,MMD)的GIS机械状态辨识方法。首先将采集得到的GIS振动信号转化为图信号,并利用图傅里叶变换技术变换至图谱域进行分析处理;然后提取图谱功率谱熵作为表征GIS不同状态的特征参数;最后利用MMD距离判别函数实现GIS不同工况下的状态辨识。实验结果表明:在噪声干扰的情况下,所提方法能够有效提取GIS不同状态下的特征参数,并成功区分出屏蔽罩松动及内部异物缺陷,状态辨识精度高达93.89%,较常规方法有明显提高。

苏州湿地鸟类多样性热点时空分布变化及其影响因素研究

湿地鸟类在湿地生态系统中具有重要的指示作用,其多样性监测有益于开展湿地保护工作。以苏州市为研究区,基于最大熵模型模拟分析2018、2019和2020年41种水鸟多样性热点空间分布格局及时空变化。结果表明,对鸟类空间分布影响较大的环境因子为年均降水量、兴趣点(POI)核密度、土地利用类型和距离水源距离。3年间主要影响因子贡献度出现较明显变动,人类活动干扰因素相对稳定。水鸟多样性热点地区面积逐年增加,主要聚集在苏州北部沿长江地带的沿江滩涂湿地和西南部环太湖的大型湖泊湿地,集中程度将会进一步上升。与迁徙水鸟的热点分布情况相比,以普通翠鸟、白鹭、白胸苦恶鸟和小为主的留鸟热点地区面积更大。由于热点地区面积扩大,2019年的监测点已无法满足苏州水鸟全域监测的需求,建议增设双山岛区域、通沙码头区域和望虞河沿线等15处监测区域。

光谱熵评价缺血性脑卒中患者镇痛镇静治疗效果的研究

目的 探讨光谱熵评估缺血性脑卒中患者镇痛镇静治疗效果的可靠性及可行性。方法 选取2021年7月至2022年11月牡丹江医学院附属红旗医院收治的64例急性缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将纳入患者分为对照组和实验组,每组各32例。对照组患者根据Richmond躁动镇静量表(Richmond agitation-sedationscale,RASS)评分、重症监护疼痛观察工具(critical-care pain observation tool,CPOT)评分结果调整镇痛镇静方案,实验组患者根据光谱熵结果调整镇痛镇静方案。比较两组患者的生命体征、C反应蛋白(C-reactiveprotein,CRP)、镇静镇痛用药剂量和不良反应发生率。光谱熵值与RASS评分、CPOT评分的相关性采用Spearman相关分析。结果 实验组患者的光谱熵值与RASS评分、CPOT评分均呈正相关(r=0.719、0.556,P<0.001)。两组患者不同时点的平均动脉压、经皮动脉血氧饱和度比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组患者T3时点的心率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。T1、T2、T3时,实验组患者的CRP水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组患者舒芬太尼和咪达唑仑的用量均显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组患者的不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(12.50%vs. 34.38%,χ^(2)=4.267,P=0.039)。结论 光谱熵可作为监测缺血性脑卒中患者镇痛镇静深度的一种客观方法,与RASS评分、CPOT评分具有较好的相关性,可降低不良反应发生率,有效避免应激反应,减少镇痛镇静药物的应用。

一种基于脑电信号的疲劳驾驶检测方法

脑电信号一直被誉为疲劳检测的“金标准”,基于脑电信号的功率谱特征和微分熵特征,构建了基于Conformer和门控Transformer网络(gated Transformer network,GTN)的脑电信号分类器。引入深度可分离卷积,实现了基于脑电信号的疲劳检测方法。该方法使用SEED-VIG数据集进行验证,同时引入了其他主流时序分类模型作为对比。采用所提方法对疲劳状态进行分类时,准确率最高可达97.5%。通过混淆矩阵分析,证明了该方法识别各状态时都有很高的准确率。实验结果表明,微分熵特征在各分类器上的训练效果更好,相比其他模型,所提出的基于Conformer和GTN的分类器在4种特征处理数据集上的平均准确率达到96.2%,具有明显优势。

基于SFLA优化变分模态提取的滚动轴承故障诊断

为解决变分模态提取(variational mode extraction, VME)在分解轴承故障信号过程中近似中心频率和惩罚因子的选择过于依赖专家经验的问题,提出混合蛙跳算法(shuffled frog leaping algorithm, SFLA)与VME相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,为解决单一指标作为目标函数提取特征时信息不全面的问题,结合信息熵(information entropy, IE)、包络谱峭度和相关系数建立新的参数优化指标—KIC;然后,将KIC的极小值作为SFLA的目标函数自适应地选取VME期望模态的中心频率和惩罚因子;最后,通过包络解调分析期望模态进行故障诊断。仿真信号与轴承试验台相关数据集的分析结果表明,所提出的SFLA-VME方法能够准确地提取出期望模态并诊断轴承故障。

基于IEWT-MOMEDA-FSC的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障信号常伴有噪声干扰且故障特征难以提取的问题,本文提出一种基于改进经验小波变换(IEWT)、多点优化最小熵解卷积(MOMEDA)和快速谱相关(FSC)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.首先,将原始信号进行快速谱相关分析得到增强包络谱,通过增强包络谱的极值点来自适应地划分频谱,以分割的频谱为边界构建小波滤波器组将信号分解为多个IMF分量,利用相关峭度准则筛选出有效的分量进行叠加;其次,用MOMEDA对其进行降噪处理,将降噪后的信号进行快速谱相关分析,得到增强包络谱图;最后,将增强包络谱图中幅值较高的频率与故障频率对比,判定其失效形式,用所提出的方法对实测轴承故障信号进行分析验证.结果表明,所提出的方法能有效降低噪音干扰且增强信号故障冲击特性,在噪声环境下具有较强的故障特征提取能力.

基于ICEEMDAN-ICA的滚动轴承振动信号降噪算法

船用滚动轴承的振动信号由于机舱环境复杂以及轴承周期性与非周期性冲击的影响容易淹没在噪声信号中,导致故障特征频率难以提取。针对这一现状,提出一种结合改进的自适应噪声完备经验模态分解(ICEEMDAN)和独立分量分析(ICA)的滚动轴承振动信号降噪处理方法。该方法主要针对经验模态分解(EMD)衍生算法存在的模态混叠问题进行改进并导入ICA处理,然后利用功率谱熵(PSE)对ICA分离信号进行筛选重构,利用包络谱和快速傅里叶变换对信号进行处理得到特征频率。通过该方法对多故障滚动轴承信号进行处理,发现本算法大幅降低了噪声及干扰,多项参数表现良好,有效提取了故障特征。

Periodic spectral characteristics of seismicity before strong earthquakes and their application

Periodic spectral characteristics of earthquake activity in the seismic strengthening areas of 24 ewthquakes withM≥ 6.0 are studied by the maximum entropy spectral method whose superiority is tested. Then the follow resultshave been obtained : ① The periodic spectra of seismic activity in seismic strengthening areas are different indifferent stage in earthquake-generating processes. Long periodic spectra and short ones coexist in normal stage,while only short ones (on average, 43% of long ones) exist and long ones disappear prior to ear’thquakes. ② Theappearing time of short period before earthquakes has some relations with magnitude. The result shows thatdecades or even one hundred years is the common value for a great earthquake of M=8.0, 30 years for one withmagnitude about 7 and 20-30 years for a strong quake of M=6.0. For the same magnitude earthquakes in differentregions the appearing time is also different. For example, it is longer in North China than that in the western pan ofChina. Then the characteristics are preliminarily explained applying the strong body earthquake-generating model.Applying the maximum entropy spectral method, the idea of tendency prediction for strong and great earthquakesis suggested and used into practice. for example. the tendency predictions of the Wuding earthquake with M=6.5and the Lijiang earthquake of M=7.0 in Yunnan Province got some positive effects. So a new method of tendencyprediction of M≥6.0 earthquakes is offered.

A HIGH RESOLUTION TIME DELAY ESTIMATION BASED ON THE MAXIMUM ENTROPY POWER SPECTRUM ESTIMATON

Multipath time delay estimation is constrained by the width of the signal correlation function when using correlation based methods. This paper obtains a high resolution time delay estimation by introducing Burg algorithm and Marple algorithm of the maximum entropy power spectral estimation to non-resolvable multipath time delay estimatoin. The principles, the performaces and the results of computer simulation are given.

A microscopic ancient river channel identification method based on maximum entropy principle and Wigner-Ville Distribution and its application

In view of the problem of fine characterization of narrow and thin channels,the maximum entropy criterion is used to enhance the focusing characteristics of Wigner-Ville Distribution.On the basis of effectively improving the time-frequency resolution of seismic signal,a new method of microscopic ancient river channel identification is established.Based on the principle of the equivalence between the maximum entropy power spectrum and the AR model power spectrum,the prediction error and the autoregression coefficient of AR model are obtained using the Burg algorithm and Levinson-Durbin recurrence rule.Under the condition of the first derivative of autocorrelation function being 0,the Wigner-Ville Distribution of seismic signal is calculated,and the Wigner-Ville Distribution time-frequency power spectrum(MEWVD)is obtained under the maxi-mum entropy criterion of the microscopic ancient river channel.Through analysis of emulational seismic signal and forward numerical simulation signal of narrow thin model,it is found that MEWVD can effectively avoid the interference of cross term of Wigner-Ville Distribution,and obtain more accurate spectral characteristics than STFT and CWT signal analysis methods.It is also proved that the narrow and thin river channels of different scales can be identified effectively by MEWVD of different frequencies.The method is applied to the third member of Jurassic Shaximiao Formation(J2s33-2)gas reservoir of the Zhongji-ang gas field in Sichuan Basin.The spatial information of width and direction of narrow and thin river channels with width less than 500 m and sandstone thickness less than 35 m is accurately identified,providing bases for well deployment and horizontal well fracturing section selection.

A Maximum-Entropy Method for Estimating the Spectrum

Based on the maximunl-entropy （ME） principle, a new power spectral estimator for random waves is derived in the form of S（ω）=a/8H^2^-（2π）^（d＋2）exp[-b（2π/ω）^n],1）y solving a variational problem subject to some quite general constraints. This robust method is comprehensive enough to describe the wave spectra even in extreme wave conditions and is superior to periodogranl method that is not suit＇able to process comparatively short or intensively unsteady signals for its tremendous boundary effect and some inherent defects of FKF. Fortunately, the newly derived method for spectral estimation works fairly well, even though the sample data sets are very short and unsteady, and the reliability and efficiency of this spectral estimator have been preliminarily proved.