Prediction of lime utilization ratio of dephosphorization in BOF steelmaking based on online sequential extreme learning machine with forgetting mechanism

The machine learning models of multiple linear regression(MLR),support vector regression(SVR),and extreme learning ma-chine(ELM)and the proposed ELM models of online sequential ELM(OS-ELM)and OS-ELM with forgetting mechanism(FOS-ELM)are applied in the prediction of the lime utilization ratio of dephosphorization in the basic oxygen furnace steelmaking process.The ELM model exhibites the best performance compared with the models of MLR and SVR.OS-ELM and FOS-ELM are applied for sequential learning and model updating.The optimal number of samples in validity term of the FOS-ELM model is determined to be 1500,with the smallest population mean absolute relative error(MARE)value of 0.058226 for the population.The variable importance analysis reveals lime weight,initial P content,and hot metal weight as the most important variables for the lime utilization ratio.The lime utilization ratio increases with the decrease in lime weight and the increases in the initial P content and hot metal weight.A prediction system based on FOS-ELM is applied in actual industrial production for one month.The hit ratios of the predicted lime utilization ratio in the error ranges of±1%,±3%,and±5%are 61.16%,90.63%,and 94.11%,respectively.The coefficient of determination,MARE,and root mean square error are 0.8670,0.06823,and 1.4265,respectively.The system exhibits desirable performance for applications in actual industrial pro-duction.

ANALYSES OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IRRIGATED AND NONIRRIGATED AREA FOR LUMINOUS ENERGY UTILIZATION RATIO AND PRODUCTIVE POTENTIALITIES IN NINGXIA

Situated in arid and semi-arid lands, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is locatedat the middle reaches of the Yellow River. An adequate system of gravity irrigation was es-tablished in the north of Ningxia. Adding to abundant sunshine, strong solar radiation andmoderate heat, the agriculture is very developed. The south mountainous area of Ningxia, including both Yanchi and Tongxin counties,is short of rain, The vast lands cannot be irrigated. Nonirrigated agriculture and

Effects of Soil C/N Ratio on Apple Growth and Nitrogen Utilization,Residue and Loss

Soil C /N ratio is an important influencing factor in soil nitrogen cycling. Two-year old apple trees( Borkh. cv. ‘Fuji'/Malus hupehensis) were used to understand the effect of soil C/N ratio [6. 52( CK),10,15,20,25,30,35 and 40]on apple growth and nitrogen utilization and loss by using15N trace technique. The results showed that,with the increasing of soil C/N ratio,apple shoot length and fresh weight increased at first,and then decreased; the higher apple shoot length and fresh weight appeared in C/N = 15,20 and 25 treatments,and there were no significant differences among these three treatments,but significantly higher than the other treatments. Statistical analysis revealed that there was significant difference in nitrogen utilization rate between the different treatments,the highest N utilization rate was occurred in soil C/N = 25 treatment which value was 22. 87%,and there was no significant difference between soil C/N = 25 and C/N = 20 treatments,but both the two treatments were significantly higher than the other treatments; Soil C/N = 40 had the lowest N utilization rate which value was 15. 43%,and this value was less than CK( 16. 65%). The proportion of plant absorption nitrogen from fertilizer was much higher when the value of soil C/N ratio in the range of 15- 25,but the percentage of plant absorption nitrogen from soil was much higher when the soil C/N ratio was too low( < 15) or high( < 25). Amount of residual nitrogen in soil increased gradually with the soil C/N ratio increasing,the amount of residual nitrogen in C/N = 40 treatment was 1. 32 times than that in CK. With the increasing of soil C/N ratio,fertilizer nitrogen loss decreased at first,and then increased,fertilizer nitrogen loss was the minimum in C/N = 25 treatments( 49. 87%) and the maximum were occurred in CK( 61. 54%). Therefore,regarding the apple growth and nitrogen balance situation,the value of soil C/N ratio in the range of 15- 25 would be favorable for apple growth and could increase effectively nitrogen fixed by soil,reduce nitrogen loss,and improve the nitrogen utilization ratio.

Study on the Relationships between Utilization Ratios and Conversion Rates of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium for Maize

This paper studied the relationships between utilization ratios and conversion rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for maize by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of maize by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The results and conclusions were as follows:①the conceptual model of fertilizer utilization ratio of maize for plot was that,Y N≈a+b×optimum yield,Y P≈a+b×optimum yield-c×optimum nitrogen application amount-d×optimum potassium application amount,Y K≈a-b×optimum nitrogen application amount-c×temperature in growth season-d×rainfall in growth season,respectively.②Fertilizer utilization ratio and nutrient conversion rate had 4 kinds of relationships.No significant relationships:22,of which 16 were soil nutrients and 5 were environmental factors,the results showed that soil nutrients and environmental factors had little effect on nutrient conversion rate and fertilizer utilization ratio;consistent significant relationships:14,illustrating that conversion rate and utilization ratio of maize were consistent in most cases,and it was because that maize was planted for a long term,and its fertilizer absorption law was basically stable;contrary significant relationships:0,illustrating that there was no reverse relationship between conversion rate and utilization ratio of maize;complementary significant relationships:18,the cause of the complementary phenomenon was that the fertilizer utilization ratio was the measuring index of fertilizer efficiency in one season,while the nutrient conversion rate was the measuring index of fertilizer efficiency in more seasons.It showed that the fertilizer utilization ratio was significantly correlated,or the nutrient conversion rate was significantly correlated.

Study on the Relationships between Utilization Ratios and Conversion Rates of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium for Wheat

This paper studied the relationships between utilization ratios and conversion rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for wheat by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of wheat by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The results and conclusions were as follows:①the conceptual model of fertilizer utilization ratio of wheat for plot was that,Y N≈a+b×optimum nitrogen application amount+c×optimum fertilizer amount of K+d×rainfall in growth season,Y P≈a+b×optimum fertilizer amount of K+c×rainfall in growth season,Y K≈a+b×temperature in growth season+c×rainfall in growth season-d×optimum yield-e×optimum nitrogen application amount,respectively.②Fertilizer utilization ratio and nutrient conversion rate had 4 kinds of relationships.No significant relationships:13,of which 8 were soil nutrients,the results showed that soil nutrients had little effect on nutrient conversion rate and fertilizer utilization ratio;consistent significant relationships:4,they were all nitrogen and phosphorus,explaining the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus;contrary significant relationships:6,they were all nitrogen and phosphorus,illustrating that phosphorus and nitrogen had inhibitory effect;complementary significant relationships:31,the cause of the complementary phenomenon was that the fertilizer utilization ratio was the measuring index of fertilizer efficiency in one season,while the nutrient conversion rate was the measuring index of fertilizer efficiency in more seasons.It showed that the fertilizer utilization rate was significantly correlated,or the nutrient conversion rate was significantly correlated.

Study on the Relationship between Utilization Ratios and Conversion Rates of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium for Rice

This paper studied the relationships between utilization ratios and conversion rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for rice by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of rice by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The results and conclusions were as follows:①the conceptual model of fertilizer utilization ratio of rice for plot was that,Y N≈a+b×optimum yield+c×optimum fertilizer amount of K,Y P≈a+b×optimum yield,Y K≈a respectively.②Fertilizer utilization ratio and nutrient conversion rate had 4 kinds of relationships:①no significant relationships:25,of which 14 were soil nutrients and 9 were environmental factors,the results showed that soil nutrients and environmental factors had little effect on nutrient yield ratio and fertilizer utilization ratio;②consistent significant relationships:2,one was that yield ratio and utilization ratio of N were positively correlated with the optimum production,explaining the importance of N for production,the other was that yield ratio and utilization ratio of P had a significantly positive correlation with conversion rate and utilization ratio of N,illustrating that nitrogen and phosphorus had mutual promotion;③contrary significant relationships:5,these showed as negative correlations of fertilizer utilization ratio and positive correlation of nutrient conversion ratio;④complementary significant relationships:22,the cause of the complementary phenomenon was that the fertilizer utilization ratio was the index of fertilizer efficiency in one season,while the nutrient conversion rate was the index of fertilizer efficiency in more seasons,which showed that the fertilizer utilization rate was significantly correlated,or the nutrient conversion rate was significantly correlated.

^(15)N Isotope Techniques for Estimating Effects of Urea-N Fertilizer Application Rate on Yields and Nutrient Contents of Pakchoi Cabbage and Asparagus Lettuce and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency

A pot experiment combined with15N isotope techniques was conducted to evaluate effects of the varying rates of urea-N fertilizer application on yields,quality,and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of pakchoi cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) and asparagus lettuce (Lactuca saiva L.).15N-labbled urea (5.3515N atom %) was added to pots with 6.5 kg soil of 0.14,0.18,0.21,0.25,and 0.29 g N/kg soil,and applied in two splits:60 percent as basal dressing in the mixture and 40 percent as topdressing.The fresh yields of two vegetable species increased with the increasing input of urea-N,but there was a significant quadratic relationship between the dose of urea-N fertilizer application and the fresh yields.When the dosage of urea-N fertilizer reached a certain value,nitrate readily accumulated in the two kinds of plants due to the decrease in NR activity; furthermore,there was a linear negative correlation between nitrate content and NR activity.With the increasing input of urea-N,ascorbic acid and soluble sugar initially increased,declined after a while,and crude fiber rapidly decreased too.Total absorbed N (TAN),N derived from fertilizer (Ndff),and N derived from soil (Ndfs) increased,and the ratio of Ndff and TAN also increased,but the ratio of Ndfs and TAN as well as NUE of urea-N fertilizer decreased with the increasing input of urea-N.These results suggested that the increasing application of labeled N fertilizer led to the increase in unlabeled N (namely,Ndfs) presumably due to "added nitrogen interaction" (ANI),the decease in NUE of urea-N fertilizer may be due to excess fertilization beyond the levels of plant requirements and the ANI,and the decrease in the two vegetable yields with the increasing addition of urea-N possibly because the excess accumulation of nitrate reached a toxic level.

A Novel Scheme with Adaptive Sampling for Better Spectrum Utilization in Cognitive Radios

In cognitive radio (CR) networks, cognitive users need continuously monitor spectrum to decrease or avoid interference to primary users, yet attain a reasonable throughput. In this paper, we exploit a scheme to dynamically change the detection time duration to gain maximum throughput. Meanwhile the average de-tection time is kept as small as possible. The advantages of our approaches are approved by the deductions. Also the simulation results enable us to recognize the improved performance of our scheme over those ones with fixed detection time assignment.

Effects of ceria/zirconia ratio on properties of mixed CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3 compound

A series of CexZr0.50-xAl0.50O1.75(0.05≤x≤0.45) mixed oxides with different Ce/Zr ratio were prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD),Brunauer-Emmet Teller method(BET),temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR) and oxygen pulsing technique.The XRD results showed that all samples kept the single CeO2 cubic fluorite structure after calcination at 600 and 1000 oC for 5 h.The results of BET revealed that CexZr0.50-xAl0.50O1.75 with Ce/Zr molar ratio 1/1 exhibited hi...

Effects of dietary amylose to amylopectin ratio on growth performance,carcass quality characteristics and meat fatty acids in Chinese Qinchuan cattle

This study evaluated the effects of the dietary starch amylose/amylopectin ratio on growth performance,rumen fermentation and blood parameters,carcass characteristics and marbling score,and meat fatty acid profiles and transcriptional changes in the genes involved in the gluconeogenesis pathway in Chinese Qinchuan cattle.Forty-five cattle were randomly divided into three groups.The bulls were fed a control diet(middle amylose/amylopectin ratio=0.47)or diets with either waxy corn starch(WS)inclusion(low amylose/amylopectin ratio=0.23)or pea starch(PS)inclusion(high amylose/amylopectin ratio=0.60)for 90 days.The bulls were individually allowed to receive the diets at the daily amount of at least 2.1%of their individual BW twice daily.The bulls were weighed at 45-day intervals,and blood and rumen fluid samples were also collected at 45-day intervals.The bulls were slaughtered and longissimus thoracis(LT)samples were collected for meat quality measurements.Compared with PS,the average daily gain(ADG)and feed efficiency in control and WS were increased(P<0.05)during d 0 to 45.However,the feed efficiency in PS was increased(P<0.05)compared with the control and WS during d 46 to 90.During the whole feeding trial,the ADG in control and WS showed trends that were higher(0.05<P<0.1)than that of PS,while other growth performance measures and feed intake did not differ(P>0.05)among the three groups.Compared with PS,the serum insulin concentration in WS was increased(P<0.05)at d 45,but not at d 90.Compared with control and WS,the serum SOD and T-AOC concentrations in PS were increased(P<0.05)at d 45,but not at d 90.Compared with control,the rumen microbial crude protein contents in WS and PS were increased(P<0.05)at d 0,while those of control and WS were higher(P<0.05)than that of PS at d 45,but not at d 90.Compared with PS,the backfat thickness in control and WS were increased(P<0.05),however,the marbling score and expression of genes related to the gluconeogenesis pathway in liver of the three groups did not differ(P>0.05).Chemical and physio-chemical compositions of LT did not differ(P>0.05)among the three groups.In conclusion,diets with low or middle amylose/amylopectin ratios increased the backfat thickness,and tended to improve ADG,but had no effect on other carcass characteristics,fat content in the LT,or the expression of hepatic genes related to the gluconeogenesis pathway in Chinese Qinchuan cattle.

An Elevated Dietary Cysteine to Methionine Ratio Does Not Impact on Dietary Methionine Efficiency and the Derived Optimal Methionine to Lysine Ratio in Diets for Meat Type Chicken

Optimal dietary methionine (Met) to lysine (Lys) ratio in presence of elevated dietary cysteine (Cys) levels was derived for meat type growing chicken. Twelve averaged weighed Ross 308 birds (each 50% of male and female per dietary treatment) were utilized in N balance trials. During starter (d10 - 20) and grower period (d25 - 35) five dietary treatments were used. Diets based on uniform mixtures of maize, wheat, soybean meal, potato protein and fish meal were supplemented with crystalline amino acids (AA). In diets 1 - 3, the dietary Cys to Met ratio was set as 85, 95 and 105 to 100, respectively. Diet 4, at a Cys to Met ratio of 105 to 100, was additionally supplemented with betaine (BET) as methyl group donor. Diets 1 - 4 were limiting in Met, diet 5 without L-Lys·HCl addition was limiting in Lys. Individual N-balance data per treatment were utilized for assessing protein quality and efficiency of dietary Met (Diets 1 - 4) or Lys (Diet 5) based on “Goettingen approach”. Elevated dietary Cys supply and supplemented BET failed to improve both dietary protein quality and Met efficiency. The established optimal Met to Lys ratio was on average 34 to 100 for growing chicken during starter and grower period, respectively.

Use of aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio to reduce the need for Fibro Scan in the evaluation of liver fibrosis

To evaluate the performance of aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio (APRI) score against FibroScan in predicting the presence of fibrosis. METHODSData of patients who concurrently had APRI score, FibroScan and liver biopsy to assess their hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) over 6 years were retrospectively reviewed and details of their disease characteristics and demographics were recorded. Advanced fibrosis was defined as ≥ F3. RESULTSOf the 3619 patients (47.5 ± 11.3 years, 97M:36F) who had FibroScans and APRI for HCV and HBV, 133 had concurrent liver biopsy. Advanced liver fibrosis was found in 27/133 (20%, F3 = 21 and F4 = 6) patients. Although APRI score (P < 0.001, AUC = 0.83) and FibroScan (P < 0.001, AUC = 0.84) predicted the presence of advanced fibrosis, the sensitivities and specificities were only modest (APRI score: 51.9% sensitivity, 84.9% specificity; FibroScan: 63% sensitivity, 84% specificity). Whilst 13/27 (48%) patients with advanced fibrosis had APRI ≤ 1.0, no patients with APRI ≤ 0.5 had advanced fibrosis, with 100% sensitivity. The use of APRI ≤ 0.5 would avoid the need for FibroScan in 43% of patients. CONCLUSIONAPRI score and FibroScan performed equally well in predicting advanced fibrosis. A proposed APRI cut-off score of 0.5 could be used as a screening tool for FibroScan, as cut-off score of 1.0 will miss up to 48% of patients with advanced fibrosis. Further prospective validation studies are required to confirm this finding.

Principle of Line Configuration and Monte-Carlo Simulation for Shared Multi-Channel System

Based on the steady-state solution of finite-state birth and death process, the principle of line configuration for shared multi-channel system is analyzed. Call congestion ratio equation and channel utilization ratio equation are deduced, and visualized data analysis is presented. The analy-sis indicates that, calculated with the proposed equations, the overestimate for call congestion ratio and channel utilization ratio can be rectified, and thereby the cost of channels can be saved by 2000 in a small system.With MATLAB programming, line configuration methods are provided. In order to generally and intuitively show the dynamic running of the system, and to analyze,promote and improve it, the system is simulated using M/M/n/n/m queuing model and Monte-Carlo method. In addition, the simulation validates the correctness of the theoretical analysis and optimizing configuration method.

Incorporating Uncertain Costs within a Series of Sequential Probability Ratio Tests

We consider an extension to Sequential Probability Ratio Tests for when we have uncertain costs, but also opportunity to learn about these in an adaptive manner. In doing so we demonstrate the effects that allowing uncertainty has on observation cost, and the costs associated with Type I and Type II error. The value of information relating to modelled uncertainties is derived and the case of statistical dependence between the parameter affecting decision outcome and the parameter affecting unknown cost is also examined. Numerical examples of the derived theory are provided, along with a simulation comparing this adaptive learning framework to the classical one.

响应曲面法优化高效除氟药剂的研制及除氟机理

我国电子、光伏、无机氟化工、煤矿开采、煤基化工等行业产生的废水普遍存在氟化物超标问题,除氟药剂法作为废水除氟的新方法,存在投药量及污泥产生量较大等问题。采用响应曲面BBD法对该除氟药剂的制备条件进行试验设计和优化,并与常用混凝剂除氟性能进行对比。通过扫描电子显微镜分析(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)分析手段对不同制备阶段除氟药剂进行表征分析,结合处理后上清液残留元素水平和各元素利用率对除氟机理进行探究。结果表明:除氟药剂最优制备条件为n(M)/n(Si)(M为金属总量)为44.91、n(Al)/n(Mg)为40.64、n(Al)/n(Fe)为34.92,在该条件下所制备的除氟药剂在投药量1.35 g/L时,氟离子质量浓度由20 mg/L降至0.71 mg/L,达到GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类标准限值1.0 mg/L以下,氟离子去除率达96.45%,响应曲面法建立的模型相关系数R 2为0.9690;对于初始氟质量浓度10~200 mg/L的含氟水样,除氟药剂按比例投加,上清液剩余氟质量浓度均小于1.0 mg/L;与常用混凝剂的除氟性能顺序为:除氟药剂>PAC(聚合氯化铝)>PAFC(聚合氯化铝铁)>PFS(聚合硫酸铁);SEM和XRD表征分析发现除氟药剂形态和结构均发生改变,通过反应聚合形成多种多羟基聚合物,这些多羟基聚合物与氟离子间发生离子交换,从而去除氟离子;通过对上清液残留进行元素分析,结合所投加除氟药剂中各金属元素浓度,分析得出铝、硅、铁、镁的元素利用率分别为99.98%、97.16%、92.22%和18.39%;除氟药剂对多种实际含氟工业废水均高效且适用。

消费约束下农业信贷和农业保险最优产品设计

农村金融是农村经济发展重要的内生动力,农业保险和农业信贷作为农村金融的重要组成部分,在助农增收方面发挥着重要作用,两者的融合发展也成为增强农村金融服务能力的重要举措。基于多重均衡模型,引入最低消费约束,研究农业信贷、农业保险和农业“信贷+保险”三种方式对农户终身效用的影响,并通过调整贷款比例和保障水平为不同资本水平的个体设计最理想的农业“信贷+保险”产品。研究结果表明:第一,单一的信贷产品和单一的保险产品只能提升部分农户的终身期望效用;第二,固定保障水平和贷款比例的“信贷+保险”产品无法满足所有农户的实际需求,抑制了部分农户的终身效用;第三,最优的“信贷+保险”产品设计能使所有农户的终身期望效用得到提升,尤其对低资本农户提升效果显著,使其摆脱了低均衡状态,实现资本增长。通过优化农业“信贷+保险”产品设计,可以更有效地增强农户的风险抵御能力和自我发展动力,对于巩固脱贫攻坚成果、深化农村改革、实现乡村振兴具有一定的理论和现实意义。

提高湖羊圈养空间利用率的建模方案优化设计

为提高湖羊圈养的空间利用率,采用分期分批连续方式安排交配,根据交配期、怀孕期、哺乳期、休整期、育肥期等5个阶段的期长、容量、流转倍率等参数值,建立各期羊栏需求数的计算模型。针对养殖场现有的羊栏规格,经试算搜索得到其羊只的最佳流转速度,由此编制具体的生产方案,使得年化出栏羊只数量达到最大。继而针对5项不确定因素,构建参数重新选定的计算公式,并在合理范围内,调整哺乳期和空怀期时长,得到多种备选方案,再通过分层次计算比较各方案的期望损失,确定最优方案。

磷肥有机替代、秸秆还田对棉花养分吸收和磷肥利用效率的影响

为探究磷肥有机替代、秸秆还田对棉花养分吸收、磷肥利用效率及棉花产量的影响,本研究基于国家灰漠土肥力与肥料效益监测站5年田间微区棉花连作定位试验,以7种施肥措施为样本,于2022年棉花成熟期开展棉田土壤田间调查研究。结果表明,磷肥有机替代和秸秆还田均能提升棉株氮磷钾养分吸收,各器官氮素平均含量在1.75~40.90 g·kg^(-1)之间,磷素平均含量在1.46~11.28 g·kg^(-1)之间,钾素平均含量在3.11~25.03 g·kg^(-1)之间。综合肥料投入和养分吸收,50%的磷肥有机替代和秸秆还田最能增强棉株吸氮能力和促进干物质积累,50%的磷肥有机替代对棉株吸磷能力最强且最有利于实现棉花节肥增钾的效果。棉株各器官N:P变化范围为1.20~12.01,磷肥有机替代和秸秆还田使茎、叶、蕾/铃/壳的N∶P明显降低,棉株生物量、籽棉产量随茎、叶、蕾/铃/壳N∶P的降低而增加,本试验棉花生长更倾向于受N、P共同限制。磷肥利用率随有机替代量的增加从12.54%提升到33.04%,土壤磷素盈余量随有机替代量的增加从28.20 kg·hm^(-2)降低到19.66 kg·hm^(-2)。研究表明,在北疆灰漠土棉区采用50%磷肥有机替代,即施磷(P2O5)60.0 kg·hm^(-2)和配施羊粪9 784.8 kg·hm^(-2),对棉花产量、生物量、养分吸收的综合效应最优,值得推广应用。

不同燃料外配比例烧结杯试验及烧结矿冶金性能试验

本文针对酒钢烧结生产中存在的问题,系统研究了不同燃料外配比例对烧结垂直烧结速度、成品率、利用系数、烧结时间、转鼓强度及烧结矿冶金性能等指标的影响。试验结果表明:随着燃料外配比例的增加,烧结利用系数呈先提高后降低的趋势,综合考虑最佳的燃料外配比例为60%;随着燃料外配比例的增加,烧结矿低温还原粉化率RDI_(+3.15mm)、烧结矿900℃还原度、烧结矿软化熔滴性能均变化不大,基本持平。

冲击螺杆钻具结构设计与参数优化

为了高效钻进硬岩地层,将螺杆钻具的大扭矩与轴向冲击工具的高频低幅冲击特性相结合,研制了一种冲击螺杆钻具。在工具结构原理讨论的基础上,建立了轴向冲击短节的冲锤运动控制方程,分析了冲锤的运动特性,并以工具冲击功和最大能量利用率为评价指标,采用正交试验方法对主要工具结构参数进行了优化研究。研究结果表明:冲锤往复运动过程为加速度逐渐减小的非线性加速运动,节流喷嘴直径和冲锤运动行程是影响冲击功的主要因素,而冲锤质量、承压面积和腔体通孔面积是次要因素。节流喷嘴直径和冲锤承压面积是影响最大能量利用率的主要因素;而冲锤运动行程、冲锤质量和腔体通孔面积是次要因素。所得结论可为对冲击螺杆钻具的进一步优化设计和现场应用提供参考。