Radio Observations of Sgr B2

The 13C0 (J 1 - 0) map of the molecular cloud Sgr B2 reveals that the mass center of the molecular cloud nucleus does not coincide with that of compact HII regions which are likely to be the outcome of a shock on the cloud. We find evidence of cloud contraction probably resulting from cloud-cloud collision at subsonic speed.

Unstable Dynamical Properties of Spiral Cloud Bands in Tropical Cyclones

A nondivergent barotropic model （Model 1） and a barotropic primitive equation vortex model （Model 2） are linearized respectively in this paper. Then their perturbation wave spectrums are computed with a normal mode approach to study the instability problem on an appointed tropical cyclone （TC）-like vortex, thereby, the dynamic instability properties of spiral cloud bands of TCs are discussed. The results show that the unstable mode of both models exhibits a spiral band-like structure that propagates away from the vortex outside the radius of maximum winds. The discrete modal instability of the pure vortex Rossby wave can account for the generation of the eyewall and the inner spiral band. The unstable mode in Model 2 has three parts, i.e., eyewall, inner and outer spiral bands. This mode can be interpreted as a mixed vortex Rossby-inertia gravitational wave. The unbalanced property of the wave outside the stagnation radius of the vortex Rossby wave is one of the important reasons for the formation of the outer spiral band in TCs. Accordingly, the outer spiral band can be identified to possess properties of an inertial-gravitational wave. When the formation of unstable inner and outer spiral bands is studied, a barotropic vortex model shall be used. In this model, the most unstable perturbation bears the attributes of either the vortex Rossby wave or the inertial-gravitational wave, depending on the vortex radius. So such perturbations shall be viewed as an unbalanced and unstable mixed wave of these two kinds of waves.

DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOON SPIRAL CLOUD BAND AT SEA WITH SSM/I IMAGE

This paper describes the characteristics of the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP),analyzes absorbing,re-emitting and scattering effects of the atmospheric particles (especially cloud particles and rain drops).The inner physical cause of typhoon's representative form on microwave images is revealed.An index of particle size is then induced as such:Symmetrically inverse channel 85H's (85H is an abbreviation for channel 85.5 GHz in horizontal polarization,see Table 1 in the text.) absorption segment and put it into the extension of the scattering segment.The precipitation index was formed as the average of three elements:normalized 19H,normalized 37H,and inversed normalized 85H.It is approved that the image of particle size index overcomes some shortcomings of the single raw channel,such as:37H is not sensitive to large rain drops,85H is not sensitive to mid-size rain drops and can reveal typhoon's spiral structure more clearly.

EXPLICIT SIMULATION ON THE TRACK AND INTENSITY OF TROPICAL CYCLONE WINNIE (1997)

An explicit simulation of the tropical cyclone Winnie （1997） was conducted by use of a triply-nested 3-D nonhydrostatic mesoscale model MM5, before and after its landfall. The simulated results show that the model can well reproduce the track of Winnie （1997） with a BOGUS storm-like vortex inserted in the large-scale first-guess field at the initial model time. The mean track error in a 6 h interval is 54.5 km, which is much less than that obtained with the operational prediction. Comparisons between simulation and observation near the landfall place show that the main temporal variation features of sea level pressure and surface wind speed can also be successfully captured. The characteristics of the eyewall, the spiral cloud band and the corresponding precipitation were disclosed, and the applications of the model outputs were also discussed.