Demonstration of a Sub-Sampling Phase Lock Loop Based Microwave Source for Reducing Dick Effect in Atomic Clocks

We demonstrate a simple scheme of 6.835 GHz microwave source based on the sub-sampling phase lock loop(PLL). A dielectric resonant oscillator of 6.8 GHz is directly phase locked to an ultra-low phase noise 100 MHz oven controlled crystal oscillator(OCXO) utilizing the sub-sampling PLL. Then the 6.8 GHz is mixed with 35 MHz from an direct digital synthesizer(DDS) which is also referenced to the 100 MHZ OCXO to generate the final6.835 GHz signal. Benefiting from the sub-sampling PLL, the processes of frequency multiplication, which are usually necessary in the development of a microwave source, are greatly simplified. The architecture of the microwave source is pretty simple. Correspondingly, its power consumption and cost are low. The absolute phase noises of the 6.835 GHz output signal are-47 d Bc/Hz,-77 dBc/Hz,-104 dBc/Hz and-121 dBc/Hz at1 Hz, 10 Hz, 100 Hz and 1 kHz offset frequencies, respectively. The frequency stability limited by the phase noise through the Dick effect is theoretically estimated to be better than 5.0 × 10^-14τ^1/2 when it is used as the local oscillator of the Rb atomic clocks. This low phase noise microwave source can also be used in other experiments of precision measurement physics.

Design and compensation of second-order sub-sampling digital frontend

The problem of designing a digital frontend (DFE) was considered which can dynamically access or sense dual bands in any radio frequency (RF) regions without requiring hardware changes. In particular, second-order bandpass sampling (BPS) as a technique that enables to realize the multiband reception function was discussed. In a second-order BPS system, digital reconstruction filters were utilized to eliminate the interferences generated while down converting arbitrarily positioned RF-band signals by using the direct digitization method. However, the inaccuracy in the phase shift or the amplitude mismatch between the two sample streams may cause insufficient rejection of interference. Practical problems were studied, such as performance degradation in signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) and compensation methods to overcome them. In order to demonstrate the second- order BPS as a flexible DFE suitable for software-defined radio (SDR) or cognitive radio (CR), a DFE testbed with a reconfigurable structure was implemented. Moreover, with a view to further demonstrate the proposed compensation algorithms, experimental results show that dual bands are received simultaneously.

MULTIPLE FREQUENCIES ESTIMATION OF SIGNAL WITH SUB-SAMPLING

Based on time delay technology and MUSIC algorithm, a novel estimating multiple frequencies approach of signal with sampling rate which is least Nyquist sampling rate is presented in this paper. With choosing delay time properly, the estimated frequencies are unambiguous. Computer simulation confirms its availability.

5G Wideband Bandpass Filtering Power Amplifiers Based on a Bandwidth-Extended Bandpass Matching Network

In this paper,a 5G wideband power amplifier(PA)with bandpass filtering response is synthesized using a bandwidth-extended bandpass filter as the matching network(MN).In this structure,the bandwidth(θ_(C))is defined as a variable in the closedform equations provided by the microstrip bandpass filter.It can be extended over a wide range only by changing the characteristic impedances of the structure.Different from the other wideband MNs,the extension of bandwidth does not increase the complexity of the structure(order n is fixed).In addition,based on the bandwidth-extended structure,the wideband design of bandpass filtering PA is not limited to the fixed bandwidth of the specific filter structure.The theoretical analysis of the MN and the design flow of the PA are provided in this design.The fabricated bandpass filtering PA can support almost one-octave bandwidth(2-3.8 GHz),covering the two 5G bands(n41 and n78).The drain efficiency of 47%-60%and output power higher than 40 dBm are measured.Good frequency selectivity in S-parameter measurements can be observed.

Non Sub-Sampled Contourlet with Joint Sparse Representation Based Medical Image Fusion

Medical Image Fusion is the synthesizing technology for fusing multi-modal medical information using mathematical procedures to generate better visual on the image content and high-quality image output.Medical image fusion represents an indispensible role infixing major solutions for the complicated medical predicaments,while the recent research results have an enhanced affinity towards the preservation of medical image details,leaving color distortion and halo artifacts to remain unaddressed.This paper proposes a novel method of fusing Computer Tomography(CT)and Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)using a hybrid model of Non Sub-sampled Contourlet Transform(NSCT)and Joint Sparse Representation(JSR).This model gratifies the need for precise integration of medical images of different modalities,which is an essential requirement in the diagnosing process towards clinical activities and treating the patients accordingly.In the proposed model,the medical image is decomposed using NSCT which is an efficient shift variant decomposition transformation method.JSR is exercised to extricate the common features of the medical image for the fusion process.The performance analysis of the proposed system proves that the proposed image fusion technique for medical image fusion is more efficient,provides better results,and a high level of distinctness by integrating the advantages of complementary images.The comparative analysis proves that the proposed technique exhibits better-quality than the existing medical image fusion practices.

小型化低剖面全向滤波天线设计

设计了一个小型化全向微带滤波天线。天线由带通滤波器和微带天线组成,二者共用一个地平面以减小尺寸且采用缝隙耦合方式连接,带通滤波器蚀刻在微带贴片天线的馈线位置处,引入选频滤波功能,在输入馈线前端添加一个横向矩形贴片使整个系统达到良好的阻抗匹配。与传统的微带天线相比,所设计的滤波天线在不改变尺寸大小的基础上引入了选频滤波功能,在通带边缘体现出较高的选择性。仿真与测试结果表明,该滤波天线的阻抗带宽为2.31 GHz~2.56 GHz,且通带内增益平缓,平均增益约为2.1 dBi,在工作频段内呈全向辐射特性。

低噪声水声信号前置放大器设计

水下信息的发送与接收主要通过声信号的传播,水听器作为常用的水声信号接收装置,需要前置放大器来提高所获取信号的质量。文中选用AD8421仪表放大器芯片与OP2177精密运算放大器芯片设计了一种低噪声水声信号前置放大器,该电路增益为26 dB,工作带宽为100 Hz~20 kHz,输出信号为差分形式,同时具有小体积、低功耗的特点。通过连接某型压电水听器,测试了电路工作性能以及对水听器信号的调理效果。实测结果表明,该前置放大器能满足设计技术指标要求,在实际工作中取得了良好的效果。

双面镀膜法制备高面形精度滤光片

对双面镀膜法制备高面形精度滤光器件进行研究,通过在一面沉积带通滤光膜,另外一面沉积应力/形变匹配膜层的方式,制备了外径Φ25 mm,径厚比为10∶1的HWB900基底高面形精度带通滤光膜。测试结果显示:在通带1 215 nm~1 265 nm波段的平均透过率■≥92%,截止带900 nm~1 135 nm、1 345 nm~1 700 nm内透过率■<1%,镀膜后零件2个表面的均方根(root-mean-square,RMS)值均优于λ/20。深入分析双面镀膜时2个表面面形的变化规律,确定了匹配膜层的厚度及该方法的使用特点。该方法实践性强,制备的光学器件光学性能优异,面形精度高,对高面形精度光学器件的制备具有重要参考价值和指导意义。

基于HMSIW的小型化三模带通滤波器设计

传统的多模谐振器引入多个谐振器,并利用其中两个甚至多个谐振模式来组合构建滤波器通带,但由于其谐振器个数较多而在射频系统中占用了较大的空间。为此,本文提出了基于半圆形半模基片集成波导(HMSIW)的三模带通滤波器,通过引入金属化过孔来扰动半圆形HMSIW谐振腔的谐振模式的电场分布,使得对应的谐振模式的频率也会随之发生偏移,进而使原本谐振频率相差较大的三个谐振模式的频率逐渐靠近,最终组合形成滤波器的通带。该设计无需引入额外的谐振器,能够实现滤波器尺寸减半甚至成倍减少,从而达成小型化的目的。

基于FPGA的数字带通滤波器设计与仿真

为快速准确地提取超声导波信号中的目标信息,采用流水线加法树阵列结构设计低阶滤波器,采用直接型低阶叠加实现20阶高精度带通滤波器。运用流水线技术与FPGA片上资源相结合实现对该结构数字算法优化,并将其应用在镍铬合金超声导波测温系统中。结果表明:所设计的滤波器对512点的混频超声导波信号滤波耗时约1047个时钟。该滤波器总体设计简单,可以达到实时滤波的功能。

基于阶跃阻抗谐振器的四阶频率可调滤波器设计

提出一种基于阶跃阻抗谐振器的紧凑型四阶四零点频率可调滤波器设计。滤波器使用变容二极管加载的阶跃阻抗谐振器(VL-SIR),有效拓宽了滤波器的调谐范围。在VL-SIR之间引入交叉耦合,从而在滤波器通带近端产生一对传输零点,显著提高了滤波器的选择性。同时,引入源和负载端的交叉耦合,在通带远端生成一对传输零点,以提高带外抑制。此外,采用基于VL-SIR的频变耦合结构来实现恒定绝对带宽。仿真结果与实测结果吻合良好。测量结果显示,可调滤波器频率调谐范围为0.78~1.15 GHz,3 dB绝对带宽约为55±3 MHz,滤波器的回波损耗大于10 dB,插入损耗约为2.8~3.3 dB。

基于卷积神经网络的微带滤波器的参数预测

提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的微带带通滤波器的参数预测方法,针对一个三频带带通滤波器进行预测。首先利用HFSS电磁仿真软件训练数据得到S参数的数据集作为真实值数据集,将微带滤波器的S参数作为输入,物理结构参数作为输出,通过卷积神经网络进行训练,最后将目标S参数作为输入进行参数预测。相比于简单的全连接神经网络,卷积神经网络不仅能够大幅度地减少网络参数,还有效避免了过拟合情况的出现,解决了全连接神经网络耗时长的问题,并且由于卷积神经网络对于结构参数的预测是直接的,即使对于初学者也可以节省大量设计时间。仿真结果表明,目标S参数与卷积神经网络预测后得到的S参数拟合程度很高,证明了该方法对微带滤波器物理结构参数的预测有较高的准确率。

应用于WIFI或BLE接收机可重构有源RC滤波器设计

文中提出一种可重构的有源RC滤波器,其可以同时适用于WIFI6/BLE(低功耗蓝牙)传输协议。该滤波器基于40nm CMOS工艺设计,其可以在五阶切比雪夫低通滤波器与三阶巴特沃斯复数带通滤波器进行切换,并基于可编程的电阻和电容,实现增益和带宽的调节。为了满足高截止频率(80MHz)的场景,以及相应的带宽精度,滤波器使用一种基于新补偿技术的新型全差分运算放大器,并采用PTAT电流,该放大器优化了滤波器高频性能并最大限度地减少了电流消耗。版图后仿真结果表明,在WIFI应用中,滤波器的典型带宽为10、20、40、80 MHz,增益调节范围0~24 dB,单路电流消耗为2、3、4.5、5.1 mA,拥有出色的相邻信道抑制:-36 dB@160 MHz(80 MHz带宽);BLE模式下,中心频率可在1 MHz和2 MHz之间进行切换,并拥有大于30dB的镜像抑制,增益0~24 dB可调,单路功耗为1.2 mA。

基于高频注入法的同步磁阻电机无位置传感器控制

同步磁阻电机是一种结构简单耐用、造价较低的特殊同步电机,近年来逐渐受到关注。将旋转高频电压注入法无位置传感器控制技术应用于同步磁阻电机,研究无带通滤波器同步磁阻电机位置辨识策略,以简化控制算法,降低位置辨识误差,减轻处理器的运算压力。同时在实验中,分奇偶周期分别注入基波电压和高频电压,以充分利用实验电源容量。在Matlab/Simulink环境下搭建仿真模型,同时搭建1.2 kW样机的硬件测试平台,仿真和实验结果都验证了简化的无位置传感器矢量控制算法的有效性和准确性。

一种近似芯片级尺寸的小型化微带点频滤波器

射频滤波器作为具备信号筛选功能的射频器件,对现代通信系统而言具有举足轻重的地位。随着通信技术的不断更新迭代,要求射频滤波器具有小型化以及低成本的特点。目前,利用半导体工艺可制作尺寸极小且性能佳的芯片级滤波器,但研发成本普遍过高。文中使用薄膜工艺,通过对滤波器的结构、材料、性能指标进行综合考量,设计了一款适用于点频源、跳频源模块中使用的微带点频滤波器。通过仿真软件HFSS进行建模仿真并对加工工艺进行误差分析,成功得到了一款通带在12 GHz±15 MHz的微带点频滤波器,其尺寸为2.5 mm×3.5 mm×0.127 mm。测试结果表明,性能曲线达到设计指标,成功验证了设计的可行性。

基于振动加速度与声音信号融合的轨道交通列车轴箱轴承故障诊断方法

[目的]轴箱轴承是轨道交通列车转向架的关键零部件,其健康状态直接影响列车的运行安全。需建立更为科学、高效的轴箱轴承故障诊断方法,以有效提取强干扰噪声下的轴承故障特征信息。[方法]以振动加速度及声音信号(以下简称“振声信号”)为研究目标,分析了轴箱轴承振声信号的故障特征,提出了一种最优带通卷积滤波的信号降噪方法。该方法将原始信号在频域内划分为多个分段,确定不同分段的带通滤波参数,构建了多通道带通卷积滤波器组。采用时域指标分段峭度来选择最优滤波信号,并对最优滤波信号进行频率加权能量算子解调,以识别轴承的故障部位。[结果及结论]所提故障诊断方法可以在强干扰噪声下实现对振动加速度信号、声音信号故障特征的提取,仿真结果及现场试验结果均验证了该诊断方法的有效性。振动加速度、声音信号的故障诊断结论可相互补充验证,进一步提高轴箱轴承故障诊断的准确率。

基于悬置微带结构的无反射滤波器

通过悬置微带传输线结构进行了无反射滤波器的研究和设计。首先利用耦合线结构设计了中心频率为3.92 GHz,插入损耗为0.32 dB,在0.1~10 GHz内回波损耗超过11.6 dB,中心频率处超过38 dB的双端口无反射带通滤波器;又利用λ/4开路谐振器和λ/4短路谐振器作为滤波单元,设计了中心频率为4.25 GHz,回波损耗在1.5~6 GHz内超过11 dB,在中心频率处超过40 dB的双端口无反射带阻滤波器。所提出的这两款无反射滤波器具有无反射频带范围宽、工作频带内S_(11)衰减大、多层自封装等突出优点。

In Situ Atomic Reconstruction Engineering Modulating Graphene-Like MXene-Based Multifunctional Electromagnetic Devices Covering Multi-Spectrum

With the diversified development of big data,detection and precision guidance technologies,electromagnetic(EM)functional materials and devices serving multiple spectrums have become a hot topic.Exploring the multispectral response of materials is a challenging and meaningful scientific question.In this study,MXene/TiO_(2)hybrids with tunable conduction loss and polarization relaxation are fabricated by in situ atomic reconstruction engineering.More importantly,MXene/TiO_(2)hybrids exhibit adjustable spectral responses in the GHz,infrared and visible spectrums,and several EM devices are constructed based on this.An antenna array provides excellent EM energy harvesting in multiple microwave bands,with|S11|up to−63.2 dB,and can be tuned by the degree of bending.An ultra-wideband bandpass filter realizes a passband of about 5.4 GHz and effectively suppresses the transmission of EM signals in the stopband.An infrared stealth device has an emissivity of less than 0.2 in the infrared spectrum at wavelengths of 6-14μm.This work can provide new inspiration for the design and development of multifunctional,multi-spectrum EM devices.

Experimental study on the effect of wind on pointing accuracy of antenna structures

Wind loads have instantaneity and turbulence characteristics that will lead to pointing errors in antenna structures,and these errors cannot be ignored in high-frequency observations.Using the Tianma 65 m radio telescope(TMRT)as an example object,the pointing errors caused by wind loads are investigated using an accelerometer system.First,the resonant frequency range of the antenna structure is used for reference to acquire useful signals through the bandpass filtering method.Then,the direct current(DC)component of these signals is filtered out using the fast discrete Fourier transform method,and the baseline of the acceleration is corrected using the least-squares method.Finally,the acceleration integral is solved approximately using the discrete trapezoidal area method,and the structural vibration displacement of the antenna is determined using a double integral of acceleration.The pointing errors are then obtained based on the displacement relationship between the primary and subreflector surfaces.When the wind speed is 3.2 m/s,the antenna pitch angle is 61.7°and the wind direction angle is 80°,the generated pitch pointing error is 3.05'',and the azimuth pointing error is 1.14''.These results are consistent with those obtained via inclinometer measurements,thus validating the signal processing method and the pointing error calculation method proposed in this paper.The research methods and data analysis results reported here provide a basis for further wind-induced pointing error correction studies.

A Linear CMOS OTA and Its Application to a 3.3V 20 MHz High-Q g_m-C Bandpass Filter

A design of a linear and fully-balanced operational transconductanee amplifier （OTA） with improved high DC gain and wide bandwidth is presented. Derivative from a single common-source field effect transistor （FET） cas- cade and its DC I-V characteristics,the third-order coefficient g3 hasbeen well compensated with a parallel FET operated in the triode region, which has even-odd symmetries between the boundary of the saturation and triode region. Therefore,for high linearity,a simple solution is obtained to increase input signal amplitude in saturation for the application of OTA continuous-time filters. A negative resistance load （NRL） technique is used for the compensation of parasitic output resistance and an achievement of a high DC-gain of the OTA circuits without extra internal nodes. Additionally, derivations from the ideal -90° phase of the gm-C integrator mainly due to a finite DC gain and parasitic poles will be avoided in the frequency range of interest. HSPICE simulation shows that the total harmonic distortion at 1Vp-p is less than 1% from a single 3.3V supply. As an application of the VHF CMOS OTA,a second-order OTA-C bandpass filter is fabricated using a 0. 18μm CMOS process with two kinds of gate-oxide layers, which has achieved a center frequency of 20MHz,a 3dB-bandwidth of 180kHz,and a quality factor of 110.