Optimization of Rooting Medium for Tissue Culture Seedlings of Dendrobium officinale by Response Surface Methodology

[Objectives] To increase the survival rate of tissue culture seedlings of Dendrobium officinale,and optimize the conditions of rooting medium by the response surface methodology( RSM). [Methods]The effects of 6-BA concentration,NAA concentration,potato amount and the amount of mashed banana on the growth of seedlings were determined by single factor experiment and were analyzed by Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology. [Results]The optimal culture conditions: rooting medium 1/2 MS + 6-BA 0. 24 mg/L + mashed banana 87. 63 g/L + potato 89. 30 g/L + NAA 0. 52 mg/L + sucrose 20. 0 g/L + activated carbon 4. 0 g/L + agar 7. 0 g/L,p H 5. 8,and light intensity 2 000 Lx. [Conclusions]The model established by response surface methodology has a good predictability and could be used to optimize the conditions of tissue culture and rooting medium of D. officinale.

STUDY ON TISSUE CULTURE FOR GELIDIUM SEEDLING

As seedling culture is a crcial factor for successful cultivation of Gelidium, the authors researched tis-sue culture technology for producing seedlings. The merphogeny and experirmental ecology were observedand studied fully in 2-5 mm isoIated tissue fragments, appearaare of branching creepersand attaching structure and new erect seedlings production and development were studied. Fragments weresown on bamboo slice and vinyon rope. The seedlings were cultured 20-30 days indoor, then cultured inthe sea, where the density of erect seedlings was 3- 19 seedlings/cm^2, growth rate was 3.84%/day. The frondarising from seedlings directly was up to 10 cm per year. The ecological conditions for regenerated seedlingsare similar to the natural ones. The regenerated seedlings are sintable for raft culture in various sea areas.

Outdoor Domestication Cultivation and Survival Mechanism for Tissue Culture Seedlings of Paeonia suffruticosa

In order to reveal the differences between different peony varieties and facilities,thousands of tissue culture seedlings of 21 Itoh peony varieties imported from abroad were used as test materials,and the peony domestication cultivation method used in the past was used as a control. The technical measures and mechanisms for the outdoor domestication of seedlings and the survival of field transplantation were studied. The results indicate that the main factors and measures for effectively protecting the outdoor transplanting of tissue culture seedlings include cultivating sound and strong seedlings,transplanting in proper period of spring,and providing good ventilating places and facilities,removing leaves,keeping buds and releasing dormancy before transplantation,planting depth should meet the requirement of exposing to the root neck,changing the pots according to the size of seedlings,the substrate should be loose and permeable,seriously disinfected and sterilized,scientific management,and prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. In addition,the survival mechanism was also analyzed,and the reasons and countermeasures for the successful application of peony tissue culture in China were found. Finally,the differences in survival rates between different varieties and facilities were summarized.

Preliminary Studies on the Tissue Culture of Cannabis sativa L.(Industrial hemp)

The internodes of the new cultivar Long-ma No.1 of Cannabis sativa L.（Industrial hemp） were used as explants for tissue culture. The paper studied the key factors of industrial hemp tissue culture, such as the physiological state of aseptic seedlings, the selection and concentration of plant growth regulators and so on.Hemp seed disinfection used 75% alcohol for 2 min and sterilized in 1‰ Hg Cl2 for 5min. The best combinations of plant growth regulators were 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5mg/L NAA for the induction of callus, and the best combinations of hormones were1.0 mg/L KT and 0.5 mg/L NAA for differentiation rate of adventitious bud.

Construction of Rooting System during Camellia oleifera Tissue Culture

An rooting experiment of tissue culture plantlets was carried out with sterile plantlets obtained from the stem segments of a good clone of Camellia oleifera as materials. The results showed that basic medium and illumination condition are factors crucial to rooting of C. oleifera. With 1/4MS as basic medium, the treat- ment with the addition of 0.5 mg/L NAA and soaking in 2 000 mg/L KIBA, containing 30 mg/L sucrose and subjected to dark culture of 20 d was the optimal treat- ment, achieving a rooting rate of 86. 7%.

A Method for Prolonging Culturing Time of Banana Seedling in Nursery Shed

Banana industry plays important roles in the economics of southern China, where is always blown by typhoon in summer and autumn. After typhoon passed through, fresh banana seedlings are often required. That is a problem for companies on culturing banana seedling, since culturing banana seedlings takes about four months and typhoon cannot be predicted so early. If the growth of banana seedlings can be slowed down and the seedlings can be cultured in nursery shed for more time, this problem will be solved. In this research, seven treatments (paclobutrazol, diniconazole, paclobutrazol + brassins, paclobutrazol + diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, diniconazole + brassins, diniconazole + diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, chlormequat chloride) were performed on banana seedlings and the growth was measured. Results showed that in all of the treatments, the values of plant height, leaf length, pseudostem diameters, root length, root weight, root volume, fresh weight of above-ground tissues and fresh weight of seedlings were significantly less than those corresponding values of control. The reducing powers of roots of seedlings sprayed with paclobutrazol and paclobutrazol + diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate were remarkably higher than those of seedlings treated with water. Total chlorophyll content in leaves of seedlings sprayed with paclobutrazol was remarkably higher than that of seedlings treated with water. Total chlorophyll contents in leaves of seedlings treated with paclobutrazol + diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and chlormequat chloride were lower than those of control. For delaying the growth of banana seedlings, chlormequat chloride was the best among the seven treatments. The mechanism might be that the enzyme CPP-synthase in seedlings was inhibited by chlormequat chloride.

Key Techniques of Industrial Seedling for Anthurium andraeanum

[Objective] The aim was to study the techniques for the tissue culture,rapid propagation and transplantation of Anthurium andraeanum.[Method] The leaf,leaf stalk,spathe and spadix of the pot flower variety and cut flower variety of A.andraeanum were used as explants,in order to investigate the influences of the explants selection,disinfection conditions and different media on the callus induction,proliferation and rooting.[Result] The leaf stalk of A.andraeanum was the optimum explant,with the highest callus induction rate（78.3%）.The best disinfecting effect could be obtained when the explants was sterilized with 0.1% HgCl2 for 8 min.The optimum media for the callus induction of Ping Champion and MIDORI were respectively 1/2 MS＋1.50 mg/L 6-BA＋0.50 mg/L 2,4-D＋0.10 mg/L NAA and 1/2 MS＋1.50 mg/L 6-BA＋1.00 mg/L KT＋0.10 mg/L 2,4-D,while the optimum media for callus subculture of Ping Champion and MIDORI were respectively MS＋1.00 mg/L 6-BA＋0.50 mg/L NAA＋0.30 mg/L 2,4-D and MS＋0.50 mg/L 6-BA＋0.50 mg/L KT＋0.10 mg/L NAA.It was beneficial for the proliferation and growth of cluster buds while 10%（w/v）of coconut water or banana jam was added to MS medium at the proliferation stage,and the proliferation rate could be increased by 2.83 fold.At the rooting stage,the medium 1/2 MS＋0.10 mg/L NAA＋0.10 mg/L IAA was the optimum medium for rooting,and the rooting rate was up to 100%.[Conservation] The research results will lay a foundation for the establishment of the industrial seedling breeding system of A.andraeanum,and it will be significant for the development of A.andraeanum industry.

Organic Ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>Rosc.) Development in a Short Temperate Growing Season: Effect of Seedling Transplant Type and Mycorrhiza Application

Global warming and consumer demand for medicinal plants present an opportunity to introduce ginger growth to the US Delmarva Peninsula. High tunnel and field studies were conducted to assess the development of organic ginger (Zingiber officinalis, Rosc) seedling transplants in mycorrhiza-amended soil. Transplant types were tissue culture derived with less than three tillers (TCS1), three or more tillers (TCS2), and nontissue culture derived (NTCS1). Transplants were grown with or without mycorrhiza (2.8 g per plant) in a split plot design with soil amendments as main plot and transplant type as subplot. Data were collected for air temperatures, plant height, tiller number, leaf chlorophyll index (LCI), rhizome fresh weight, plant biomass, rhizome nutrients, and levels of As and Pb. TCS2 transplants produced significantly higher, or trended to higher rhizome yield than transplants with less than three tillers, except for year two field study. The maximum rhizome fresh weight per plant was 648.3 g for TCS2 in high tunnel in year one. Generally, TCS2 had most tillers throughout the growing season ranging from 6.9 to 25.7 tillers per plant over three studies. Mycorrhiza had no effect on ginger height, tiller number, LCI or rhizome yield. Sustained high temperatures above 37°C, plus high light in the field caused dieback and stunted shoot growth in year two. There were no consistent effects of mycorrhiza or transplant type on rhizome nutrient content. Content of total Pb, As and other elements were at safe threshold levels for rhizome consumption. These results suggest that gingers grown from TCS2 transplants with at least three tillers yielded more rhizome than those grown from S1 transplants with fewer tillers. Introduction of ginger to a short season region such as the Delmarva may require consideration of environmental condition such as high temperature and light to which seedling transplants may be exposed in summer.

伏牛山野生黄精组培快繁体系建立及组培苗质量评估

以伏牛山野生黄精的种子为试验材料,建立其组培快繁体系并对组培苗质量进行评估。结果表明,伏牛山野生黄精种子萌发最佳培养基为1/2 MS+0.5 mg/L ABA,丛生芽诱导最佳培养基为MS+4.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L GA3,丛生芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+3 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L TDZ+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+0.4 mg/L NAA,生根最佳培养基为1/2 MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+0.2 mg/L IBA;组培苗分级标准为Ⅰ级苗:株高≥4.2 cm、叶片≥5个,Ⅱ级苗:3 cm<株高<4.2 cm、2<叶片数<5,Ⅲ级苗株高≤3 cm、叶片数≤2个,移栽后成活率为88%。

石橄榄组织培养外植体筛选及培养条件优化

【目的】建立石橄榄组织培养快繁技术体系。【方法】以石橄榄全株为试材,研究外植体的生长情况,筛选出最佳外植体及培养基,优化石橄榄种子萌发、壮苗增殖等培养条件。【结果】石橄榄组织培养最佳外植体为种子,其根、根茎、假鳞茎均未萌发,并出现长霉和化水的情况,而种子均可萌发。石橄榄种子萌发启动最佳培养基配方为1/2MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.8 mg/L+6-KT 0.1 mg/L,此条件下石橄榄原球茎变绿色。在基础培养基中分别加入香蕉泥(50 g/L)、土豆泥(50 g/L)、椰汁(50 mL/L)进行壮苗有机物筛选发现,添加香蕉泥的培养基中石橄榄整体长势良好、均一,假鳞茎多,株高与叶长均高于培养基添加土豆泥或椰汁的石橄榄,最终选出50 g/L香蕉泥作为最佳添加有机物加入后续试验的培养基中。石橄榄壮苗优化的最佳培养配方为1/2MS+50 g/L香蕉泥+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+6-KT 0.3 mg/L,此条件下石橄榄长势好、株高较高。石橄榄壮苗生根的最佳培养基配方为MS+50 g/L香蕉泥+IBA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L,此条件下石橄榄假鳞茎多、气生根多立于苗上下。【结论】建立适合石橄榄种子组织培养快繁技术体系,石橄榄种子最佳萌发启动培养基配方为1/2MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.8 mg/L+6-KT 0.1 mg/L;最佳壮苗优化培养基配方是1/2MS+50 g/L香蕉泥+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+6-KT 0.3 mg/L;最佳生根培养基配方是MS+50 g/L香蕉泥+IBA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L,为石橄榄的资源保护与利用及其规模化生产奠定基础。

不同温度调节对云南独蒜兰组培苗生长的影响

通过云南独蒜兰种子无菌萌发获得原球茎;原球茎经过增殖长叶、生根培养获得组培苗;然后在温度为15、20、25、30、35℃下进行分别培养,光照时间12 h/d,光照强度1500 lx。挑选出30℃(T1)和35℃(T2)的组培苗转入变温条件(白天温度25℃、光照时长12 h,晚上温度20℃、光照时长12 h)的培养箱内进行培养,对照(CK)培养条件为温度25℃(光照时长24 h),光照强度均为1500 lx。定期观察云南独蒜兰叶片数量和长度、假鳞茎数量和大小、须根数。结果表明:假鳞茎数量、大小在35℃培养条件下最高,15℃培养条件下最低;叶片长度在25℃培养条件下最高,35℃培养条件下最低;叶片数量在25℃培养条件下最高,35℃培养条件下最低;须根数在35℃培养条件下最高,20℃培养条件下最低。通过变温继续培养后,假鳞茎数量、大小和须根数T2最多,叶片数量和叶片长度CK组最多。通过炼苗对比,传统云南独蒜兰组培苗炼苗成活率为83.3%,成苗率为72.4%,变温处理后云南独蒜兰组培苗炼苗成活率达到94.6%,成苗率达到91.2%。

7年生马尾松组培苗试验林经营效益

通过收集7年生马尾松组培苗试验林胸径、树高、材积和产脂量数据,利用项目投资的财务效益评估手段对其经济效益进行分析研究,为丰富马尾松人工林高效培育技术体系提供试验依据。结果表明:在当前立地条件和经营措施下,组培苗林分林木胸径、树高、平均材积、蓄积量、出材量为15.5 cm、10.03 m、0.1008 m^(3)、151.20 m^(3)·hm^(-2)、91.5879 m^(3)·hm^(-2),分别比实生苗提高了27.0%、21.9%、89.5%、89.5%、94.9%,中径材林木数量占总株数比例提升了30个百分点,组培苗林分生长优势突出,材种规格获得大幅度提升。采脂后组培苗林分产值、净收益、净现值、内部收益率(IRR)为142869.1元·hm^(-2)、54283.4元·hm^(-2)、19802.4元·hm^(-2)、17.2%,分别比未采脂提高了130.9%、855.1%、331.5%、14.7个百分点,比实生苗林分提高了368.6%、475.8%、203.9%、26.6个百分点。7年生马尾松组培苗林分经济效益显著,在立地条件相似地区应用马尾松组培苗造林,可大幅度提高人工林经营效益。

马尾松组培苗幼林采脂试验分析

【目的】研究马尾松组培苗幼林产脂量与生长性状间的变化规律和松脂主要组分及含量特征,为马尾松早期利用和高产优质脂用原料林培育提供试验依据。【方法】以7年生马尾松组培苗人工林为研究对象,设置标准地开展采脂试验,测定胸径和树高,计算单株材积和产脂量,进行不同径级(树高级)间的产脂量比较分析,并拟合产脂量与径级和树高方程;通过气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC/MS)检测松脂样品主要化学组分和含量。【结果】7年生马尾松组培苗幼林平均产脂量为15.9 g·d^(-1)·株^(-1)。不同径级产脂量间差异显著(P<0.05),随林木径级增大产脂量随之增加,呈一元线性关系(R^(2)=0.99);不同树高级产脂量随树高增大而增加,呈幂函数关系(R^(2)=0.98)。胸径、树高和材积与产脂量间相关性极显著(P<0.01),可以实现同步改良。7年生马尾松组培苗幼林单位面积可采脂林木数量和产脂量分别是同等条件下实生苗林分的1.9倍和1.8倍。在40%的强度下,采脂对林木生长的影响尚未表现出明显差异。兼顾产脂量和生长性状,马尾松组培苗幼林起始采脂径级以18 cm径级为宜。从组培苗林分松脂样品中共检出α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、长叶烯、石竹烯、海松酸、山达海松酸、枞酸等单萜、倍半萜和二萜类化学物质22种,其主要组分及含量与常规经营中龄以上马尾松林分松脂基本一致。【结论】该立地条件下营造的7年生马尾松组培苗幼林产脂量、松脂品质已基本满足行业需求,在规范采脂的前提下可对其进行生产性采脂利用。采用马尾松组培苗造林在提早采脂和增加单位面积松脂产量方面具有较大的优势和潜力,为实现马尾松的早期化利用和松脂原料林的高质量培育提供了新的选择。

我国特有单种属珍稀资源植物青钱柳繁育技术研究进展

青钱柳是我国特有的单种属乔木及国家重点保护濒危植物之一,是极其重要的珍稀木本植物资源。近年来由于其具有降血糖、降血压、降血脂,增加机体免疫力、抗氧化、抗衰老等诸多功效,尤其是其具有修复受损胰岛β细胞作用的特性而受到国内外广泛关注。然而青钱柳种子败育严重并具有深休眠性,有性繁殖系数很低,其野生资源的稀缺和繁殖困难使这一资源的利用受到了极大的限制。围绕青钱柳种质资源筛选、有性繁殖、无性繁殖、定向培育等方面的研究现状进行分析,总结了目前繁育技术研究过程中存在的无性繁殖难生根问题和组织培养过程中的污染、褐化、玻璃化等问题,提出了预期的解决方案和未来的研究方向,旨在为青钱柳进一步的资源培育提供参考。

不同叶面肥及株型控制对中科猕砧2号猕猴桃组培苗生长发育的影响

以中科猕砧2号猕猴桃2月龄组培苗为研究对象,研究不同配比的叶面施肥结合株型控制对植株干径生长、叶绿素含量、氮磷钾含量以及幼苗生理指标的影响。结果表明,中科猕砧2号组培穴盘苗的干径、叶绿素含量及植株全氮、全钾含量,根冠比在不同处理间均存在显著差异,植株全磷含量在各处理间差异不显著。4个控制因子中,株型控制对中科猕砧2号组培穴盘苗生长的促进作用最大,全抹芽的株型控制+施复合叶面肥(0.2%尿素+0.1%磷酸二氢钾+0.2%园艺肥)为中科猕砧2号组培穴盘苗育苗期间的最优处理配方。

营养元素缺乏对‘台农16号’菠萝组培幼苗生长的影响

为研究营养元素缺乏对‘台农16号’菠萝组培幼苗生长的影响,设计了缺氮、缺磷、缺钾、缺镁、缺铁、缺钙、缺微量元素和全素共8种处理,对不同缺素处理后的幼苗症状进行观测。结果表明:各缺素处理均对组培幼苗生长产生影响,其中缺素症状表现最为明显的是缺氮及缺钾处理,主要表现为幼苗生长变慢,矮小,叶片短小、失绿变黄,而其它5种处理虽有相应缺素症状出现,但均不明显;与全素处理相比,各缺素处理幼苗的D叶长、D叶宽、叶片SPAD值、地上部分鲜重、地下部分鲜重及总鲜重均降低;缺素处理中,缺氮处理的幼苗长势最弱,其次是缺钾处理,两者的新抽叶片数、株高增量、D叶长、D叶宽、叶片SPAD值、地上部分鲜重、地下部分鲜重及总鲜重均极显著地低于其它5种缺素处理和全素处理。

吲哚乙酸、萘乙酸和吲哚丁酸对蔓越莓组培苗扦插生根的影响

蔓越莓(Oxycoccos)耐寒性较强,其果实具有很高的保健价值和经济价值。以蔓越莓组培苗作为插穗,探究吲哚乙酸(Indole-3-acetic acid,IAA)、萘乙酸(1-naphthlcetic acid,NAA)和吲哚丁酸(3-Indolebutyric acid,IBA)不同质量浓度处理下蔓越莓插穗的浸泡和速沾试验,同时探究不同激素种类和质量浓度对生根率、苗高增长量、生物量和根系生长特点(包括最长根长、根表面积、根平均直径和平均根数)的影响。结果表明,当NAA浸泡处理为100、200 mg/L时根系生长状态较好,但是最长根长仅为(30.77±0.18) cm(NAA 100 mg/L)、根平均直径为(0.3±0.02) mm。而IBA质量浓度为1 000 mg/L时速沾处理的插穗最长根长为(30.13±3.22) cm、根平均直径为(0.39±0.04) mm、根表面积为(1.27±0.01) cm^(2)、平均根数为(128.22±2.38)条。由此来看,浸泡处理和速沾处理最优处理根系生长状况相差不大,但是综合来看当IBA质量浓度为1 000 mg/L,速沾时生根率最高,为85%。因此速沾的方法更适合蔓越莓组培苗的扦插生根。该研究初次建立蔓越莓组培苗扦插繁殖技术,为蔓越莓规模化繁育奠定基础。

马尾松组培苗幼林胸径和树高分布特征

收集营造于广西派阳山林场的7年生马尾松组培苗试验林的胸径和树高生长数据,对林分胸径分布、树高分布、树高—胸径关系进行测定分析,利用数学模型分别进行拟合和回归模拟,求解模型参数并通过χ^(2)法进行检验,使用决定系数(R^(2))、均方根误差(RMSE)和F值进行综合评价,以筛选最优模型。结果表明:马尾松组培苗试验林的胸径偏度系数(sk)>0,胸径峰度系数(k)<0;树高偏度系数(sk)<0,树高峰度系数(k)<0;表明林分内林木竞争较为激烈,林木胸径和树高离散程度较大,可适度间伐对林分结构进行调整。试验林胸径分布和树高分布最优模型均为peal-reed模型,决定系数(R^(2))均在0.98以上,均方根误差(RMSE)为1.64~5.69,F值为62.57~684.68。在4个候选模型中,非线性模型h=1.3+d^(2)/(c0+c_(1)d+c^(2)d^(2))对林分胸径—树高关系模拟效果最好,其决定系数(R^(2))、均方根误差(RMSE)、F值分别为0.94、0.2711、65.85。筛选的3个模型对试验林胸径和树高生长变化具有较好的预测能力,可为相同立地条件和经营措施下马尾松无性系人工林经营管理提供参考。

连续继代培养下培养基降本措施对甘薯组培苗生长的影响

为降低甘薯(Dioscorea esculenta(Lour.)Burkill)组培苗快繁培养的生产成本,提高工厂化育苗的经济效益,在MS基本培养基的基础上,通过简化培养基组成、以自来水代替去离子水、以白砂糖代替蔗糖等降本措施,研究了连续继代培养下培养基组成简化或替代措施对甘薯组培苗生长的影响。结果表明,无论是初代培养还是继代培养,以白砂糖代替蔗糖,对甘薯组培苗生长无显著影响,但去除培养基中的微量元素、有机物质或以自来水代替去离子水,均对组培苗产生不利影响,导致株高降低、增殖系数减小、根系生长变差,且这种不利影响在经历长时间的继代培养后进一步加剧,组培苗生长更差。因此,在甘薯组培苗的工厂化生产中,可以用白砂糖代替蔗糖,降低组培生产成本,而其他降本措施不宜采用。

生物炭-椰糠栽培基质特性及其对香蕉组培苗生长的影响

为筛选出适用的香蕉组培苗栽培基质,开展以生物炭为主要物料的栽培基质研究。采用单因素方差分析方法,以‘中蕉8号’为香蕉组培苗,椰糠、铁粉和生物炭为基质材料,通过在椰糠中添加系列体积比的生物炭(2%、5%、10%、20%、50%)及铁粉,设置7个处理,于2022年在广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所的试验基地开展盆栽试验。结果显示,添加生物炭对椰糠的大部分性状没有产生显著影响,但同时添加铁粉大幅降低了基质有效磷含量。生物炭添加低于20%时,香蕉植株地上部干物质量显著增加了3.5%~193.8%,地下部干物质量显著增加了22.2%~39.8%,植株氮含量显著提高了5.0%~182.9%(B10I除外)、钾含量显著提高了7.1%~178.1%,说明添加生物炭改善了香蕉组培苗的氮素和钾素营养。生物炭添加量高于20%,尽管对基质的性状没有显著影响,但抑制香蕉植株生长。同时添加铁粉,大幅降低了基质有效磷含量,也抑制了植株的生长。综合比较,在椰糠中添加2%~10%体积比的生物炭适用于香蕉组培苗栽培,具有推广应用前景。