Barefoot running is increasing in popularity within the running community, yet the biomechanical differences compared to traditional shod running are not well understood. This study investigates the changes in spinal ...Barefoot running is increasing in popularity within the running community, yet the biomechanical differences compared to traditional shod running are not well understood. This study investigates the changes in spinal dynamics during the gait cycle of runners wearing traditional running shoes (shod) compared to those wearing no shoes (barefoot). Pedal force distribution, kyphotic angle, lordotic angle, and trunk inclination were measured during shod and barefoot gait at three different speeds on a treadmill. Subjects were examined using the DIERS Formetric 4D system and DIERS Pedoscan system. While running barefoot, pedal force distribution analysis showed that 21.0% more force load goes through the forefoot vs. a 10.2% increase in forefoot force with shod (p = 0.0006). At 8.0 km·h-1 the average kyphotic angle was 1.6 degrees greater under barefoot conditions vs. shod conditions (p = 0.008). At 8.0 km·h-1 the average lordotic angle was 0.8 degrees greater under barefoot conditions vs. shod conditions (p = 0.05). Trunk inclination was 0.6 degrees and 0.8 degrees greater under barefoot conditions compared to shod conditions at natural speeds (p = 0.005) and 8.0 km·h-1 (p = 0.015), respectively. Barefoot runners show an increased force load in the forefoot, eliciting a forefoot strike pattern while running barefoot compared to shod running, and it was also found that barefoot runners have reduced trunk inclination. These dynamic changes allow for a more spring-like effect for barefoot runners creating a less transient and slower rise in force. In contrast, a heel strike pattern yields a rapid and high impact collision between heel and ground. As a result, barefoot running translates into less stress on the joints of the lower extremity and back and therefore less risk of injury.展开更多
Purpose:This study evaluated the angular kinematic and moment of the ankle and foot during shod walking and barefoot walking in individuals with unilateral chronic ankle instability(CAI).Methods:Recreational soccer pl...Purpose:This study evaluated the angular kinematic and moment of the ankle and foot during shod walking and barefoot walking in individuals with unilateral chronic ankle instability(CAI).Methods:Recreational soccer players with unilateral CAI were recruited for this cross sectional study conducted between January and August 2019.A total of 40 participants were screened for eligibility but only 31 met the inclusion criteria based on the methods of Delahunt et al and Gribble et al.Except for 3 participants not attending the evaluation session,28 participants were finally included.A three dimensional motion analysis system made up of ProReflex motion capture unit and an AMTIb Kistler force plate,embedded in the middle of nine meter walkway,were used to assess the ankle and foot angles and moment during shod walking and barefoot walking conditions.A Statistical Package for Social Sciences(version 20.0)was used to analyze data.Results:During shod walking,the ankle joint plantar-flexion range of motion(ROM)at 10%of the gait cycle(GC)and dorsiflexion ROM at 30%of the GC were significantly higher than those during barefoot walking for both feet(p=0.001,0.001,0.027,and 0.036 respectively).The inversion ROM during shod walking was significantly higher than that during barefoot walking for both feet at 10%and 30%of the GC(p=0.001.0.001,0.001,and 0.042 respectively).At 10%of the GC,the eversion moment was significantly higher between barefoot and shod walking for both feet(both p=0.001).At 30%of the GC,there was no significant difference between shod and barefoot walking plantar-flexion moment of both feet(p=0.975 and 0.763 respectively),and the eversion moment of both feet(p=0.116 and 0.101 respectively).Conclusion:At the early stance,shod walking increases the ankle plantar-flexion and foot inversion ROM,and decreases the eversion moment for both feet in subjects with unilateral CAI.Therefore,the foot wearing condition should be considered during evaluation of ankle and foot kinematics and kinetics.展开更多
Barefoot slips contribute to over 37% of recurrent fall-related injuries across all age groups.To study slip risk across a wide range of flooring conditions,slip meters with barefoot surrogates(i.e.,sensors,as per AST...Barefoot slips contribute to over 37% of recurrent fall-related injuries across all age groups.To study slip risk across a wide range of flooring conditions,slip meters with barefoot surrogates(i.e.,sensors,as per ASTM standard nomenclature)such as animal skins and rubbers have been used to date,which exhibit biomechanical and frictional properties widely different from the barefoot human skin.Development of a surrogate which can accurately simulate the human heel skin properties would be immensely beneficial for realistic assessment of barefoot slipping risk.A novel surrogate was developed using 3D scanning and printing,and biomimetics,which precisely simulates the biomechanical and frictional properties of the barefoot human heel skin.Mechanical slip testing was conducted with this surrogate on three common bathroom floorings and with six different contaminants.Coefficient of Friction(COF)results similar to human slipping experiments,high repeatability and reproducibility across wet and oily flooring conditions,were confirmed through experiments with the developed heel skin surrogate.The heel skin surrogate would be an indispensable model for accurate estimation of barefoot risk against slips and falls in bathrooms,bathtubs,and swimming pools.展开更多
文摘Barefoot running is increasing in popularity within the running community, yet the biomechanical differences compared to traditional shod running are not well understood. This study investigates the changes in spinal dynamics during the gait cycle of runners wearing traditional running shoes (shod) compared to those wearing no shoes (barefoot). Pedal force distribution, kyphotic angle, lordotic angle, and trunk inclination were measured during shod and barefoot gait at three different speeds on a treadmill. Subjects were examined using the DIERS Formetric 4D system and DIERS Pedoscan system. While running barefoot, pedal force distribution analysis showed that 21.0% more force load goes through the forefoot vs. a 10.2% increase in forefoot force with shod (p = 0.0006). At 8.0 km·h-1 the average kyphotic angle was 1.6 degrees greater under barefoot conditions vs. shod conditions (p = 0.008). At 8.0 km·h-1 the average lordotic angle was 0.8 degrees greater under barefoot conditions vs. shod conditions (p = 0.05). Trunk inclination was 0.6 degrees and 0.8 degrees greater under barefoot conditions compared to shod conditions at natural speeds (p = 0.005) and 8.0 km·h-1 (p = 0.015), respectively. Barefoot runners show an increased force load in the forefoot, eliciting a forefoot strike pattern while running barefoot compared to shod running, and it was also found that barefoot runners have reduced trunk inclination. These dynamic changes allow for a more spring-like effect for barefoot runners creating a less transient and slower rise in force. In contrast, a heel strike pattern yields a rapid and high impact collision between heel and ground. As a result, barefoot running translates into less stress on the joints of the lower extremity and back and therefore less risk of injury.
文摘Purpose:This study evaluated the angular kinematic and moment of the ankle and foot during shod walking and barefoot walking in individuals with unilateral chronic ankle instability(CAI).Methods:Recreational soccer players with unilateral CAI were recruited for this cross sectional study conducted between January and August 2019.A total of 40 participants were screened for eligibility but only 31 met the inclusion criteria based on the methods of Delahunt et al and Gribble et al.Except for 3 participants not attending the evaluation session,28 participants were finally included.A three dimensional motion analysis system made up of ProReflex motion capture unit and an AMTIb Kistler force plate,embedded in the middle of nine meter walkway,were used to assess the ankle and foot angles and moment during shod walking and barefoot walking conditions.A Statistical Package for Social Sciences(version 20.0)was used to analyze data.Results:During shod walking,the ankle joint plantar-flexion range of motion(ROM)at 10%of the gait cycle(GC)and dorsiflexion ROM at 30%of the GC were significantly higher than those during barefoot walking for both feet(p=0.001,0.001,0.027,and 0.036 respectively).The inversion ROM during shod walking was significantly higher than that during barefoot walking for both feet at 10%and 30%of the GC(p=0.001.0.001,0.001,and 0.042 respectively).At 10%of the GC,the eversion moment was significantly higher between barefoot and shod walking for both feet(both p=0.001).At 30%of the GC,there was no significant difference between shod and barefoot walking plantar-flexion moment of both feet(p=0.975 and 0.763 respectively),and the eversion moment of both feet(p=0.116 and 0.101 respectively).Conclusion:At the early stance,shod walking increases the ankle plantar-flexion and foot inversion ROM,and decreases the eversion moment for both feet in subjects with unilateral CAI.Therefore,the foot wearing condition should be considered during evaluation of ankle and foot kinematics and kinetics.
文摘Barefoot slips contribute to over 37% of recurrent fall-related injuries across all age groups.To study slip risk across a wide range of flooring conditions,slip meters with barefoot surrogates(i.e.,sensors,as per ASTM standard nomenclature)such as animal skins and rubbers have been used to date,which exhibit biomechanical and frictional properties widely different from the barefoot human skin.Development of a surrogate which can accurately simulate the human heel skin properties would be immensely beneficial for realistic assessment of barefoot slipping risk.A novel surrogate was developed using 3D scanning and printing,and biomimetics,which precisely simulates the biomechanical and frictional properties of the barefoot human heel skin.Mechanical slip testing was conducted with this surrogate on three common bathroom floorings and with six different contaminants.Coefficient of Friction(COF)results similar to human slipping experiments,high repeatability and reproducibility across wet and oily flooring conditions,were confirmed through experiments with the developed heel skin surrogate.The heel skin surrogate would be an indispensable model for accurate estimation of barefoot risk against slips and falls in bathrooms,bathtubs,and swimming pools.
