Synergistic mechanisms of AMF and biochar driving rhizosphere fungal community in shallot in barren soil

The addition of biochar(BC)or Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)alone has been reported to promote plant growth,while their synergistic effects on Allium schoenoprasum root morphology and rhizosphere fungal community in barren soil is still unclear.In this study,we investigated the effects of BC and AMF(Funneliformis mosseae)on plant growth and root morphology in barren soil and revealed the structure of soil fungal communities Therefore,a greenhouse pot trial consisting of five treatments was enforced.The results showed that the combination of biochar and AMF significantly improved plant biomass,nutrient uptake,mycorrhizal colonization rates and soil properties and significantly impacted rhizosphere fungal community composition and structure.Biochar significantly increased the fungal community stability and enhanced their positive correlation with plants.Our findings indicated that the combination of AMF and biochar play synergic role for plant growth and rhizosphere fungal community in barren soil.

Micro-textures in plagioclase from 1994-1995 eruption, Barren Island Volcano: Evidence of dynamic magma plumbing system in the Andaman subduction zone

A systematic account of micro-textures and a few compositional profiles of plagioclase from high-alumina basaltic aa lava erupted during the year 1994-1995, from Barren Island Volcano, NE India ocean, are presented for the first time. The identified micro-textures can be grouped into two categories： （i） Growth related textures in the form of coarse/fine-sieve morphology, fine-scale oscillatory zoning and resorption surfaces resulted when the equilibrium at the crystal-melt interface was fluctuated due to change in temperature or H20 or pressure or composition of the crystallizing melt; and （ii） morphological texture, like glomerocryst, synneusis, swallow-tailed crystal, microlite and broken crystals, formed by the influence of dynamic behavior of the crystallizing magma （convection, turbulence, degassing, etc.）. Each micro-texture has developed in a specific magmatic environment, accordingly, a first order magma plumbing model and crystallization dynamics are envisaged for the studied lava unit. Magma generated has undergone extensive fractional crystallization of An-rich plagioclase in stable magmatic environment at a deeper depth. Subsequently they ascend to a shallow chamber where the newly brought crystals and pre-existing crystals have undergone dynamic crystallization via dissolution-regrowth processes in a convective self- mixing environment. Such repeated recharge-recycling processes have produced various populations of plagioclase with different micro-textural stratigraphy in the studied lava unit. Intermittent degassing and eruption related decompression have also played a major role in the final stage of crystallization dynamics.

Inheritance of Ear Tip-Barrenness Trait in Maize

The aim of this paper is to study the inheritance pattern of ear tip-barrenness trait in maize （Zea mays L.）. Ear tipbarrenness trait in maize can be classified into two types, tip-barren and tip-barrenless. Two inbred lines, lx01-3 （tipbarrenless type）, wx04-1 （tip-barren type）, and their F1, F2, BC1, BC2 generations were analyzed on their ear tip-barrenness types. Results showed that F1 was tip-barren type; the ratio of tip-barren type versus tip-barrenless type followed a 12.78： 1 ratio in F2 segregation population and a 2.75：1 ratio in BC1. Z2 test indicated that the trait of ear tip-barrenness type followed an inheritance pattern of 2 duplicate dominant genes. SPSS analysis indicated that the trait of ear tip-barrenness length is of abnormal distribution. Above results mean that： （1） The trait of maize ear tip-barrenness type is controlled by 2 duplicate dominant genes; tip-barren type is dominant over tip-barrenless type; （2） the trait of tip-barrenness length is a quantitative character controlled by polygene with major genes expected.

Genome-wide association study and metabolic pathway prediction of barrenness in maize as a response to high planting density

Increasing the planting density is one way to enhance grain production in maize.However,high planting density brings about growth and developmental defects such as barrenness,which is the major factor limiting grain yield.In this study,the barrenness was characterized in an association panel comprising 280 inbred lines under normal(67500 plants ha–1,ND)and high(120000 plants ha–1,HD)planting densities in 2017 and 2018.The population was genotyped using 776254 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers with criteria of minor allele frequency>5%and<20%missing data.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)was conducted for barrenness under ND and HD,as well as the barrenness ratio(HD/ND),by applying a Mixed Linear Model that controls both population structure and relative kinship(Q+K).In total,20 SNPs located in nine genes were significantly(P<6.44×10–8)associated with barrenness under the different planting densities.Among them,seven SNPs for barrenness at ND and HD were located in two genes,four of which were common under both ND and HD.In addition,13 SNPs for the barrenness ratio were located in seven genes.A complementary pathway analysis indicated that the metabolic pathways of amino acids,such as glutamate and arginine,and the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway might play important roles in tolerance to high planting density.These results provide insights into the genetic basis of high planting density tolerance and will facilitate high yield maize breeding.

Investigation on the Green Planting Situation of Dongchuan Barren Hills in Kunming City

Dongchuan District of Kunming City has undulating terrain with large fluctuations, fragile ecological environment, low rainfall and high evaporation, coupled with frequent debris flow activities, resulting in very low forest coverage rate in Dongchuan. In this study, a comprehensive and systematic investigation was carried out to the green planting of barren hills in Dongchuan District from January to June, 2016. The results showed that the major planting tree species in the region with an altitude of less than 1 600 m were Leucaena leucocephala, Cupressus torulosa, L. leucocephala, C. torulosa, Celtis yunnanensis, Melia azedarach , among which L. leucocephala had become of pioneer tree species of afforestation in the Dongchuan dry-hot valley. The major planting tree species at the altitude of 1 600-2 500 m were C. torulosa, Sabina chinensis, Alnus nepalensis, C. yunnanensis, and Pinus armandi , and at the altitude of over 2 500 m, the major tree species were Sabina chinensis, Abies georgei var. smithii, P.densata. Based on the investigation, suggestions were proposed for the existing problems in the greening and planting of Dongchuan barren hills, in order to provide certain theoretical basis for the sustainable development of forestry in Dongchuan.

Presence of Black Carbon in Soil due to Forest Fire in the New Jersey Pine Barrens

Fire is an important ecological factor and what constitutes appropriate fire management is much debated in the US and elsewhere. The role of fire as a source of greenhouse gases has been intensively investigated, but less is known about the production rate of the solid black carbon residue from fires. Black carbon accumulates in soil as it has longer turnover times than plant residues. To understand the significance of black carbon production during wildfire, we quantified black carbon using hydropyrolysis in O and A horizons before and after a prescribed bum at four sites in the New Jersey Pine Barrens forest in the North-Eastern US. Black carbon was found in both O- and A-horizons at all investigated sites, stocks in the range of 61.31-168.15 g m^-2 in the O-horizon and 169.59-425.25 g m^-2 in the A-horizon. Total black carbon stocks did not increase following the fire suggesting that either black carbon production in fires may be small compared to the variability, or that equivalent amounts of black carbon formed in previous fires may have been consumed in the fire. The study raises questions about how black carbon production and consumption in ftres can be quantified separately.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities associated with switchgrass(Panicum virgatum L.)in the acidic,oligotrophic pine barrens ecosystem

Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi contribute globally to ecosystem services and play an important role in sustainable crop production.However,it is unclear which factors contribute most to their colonization and community structure at different sites,particularly in understudied ecosystems.This study investigated the AM fungal communities associated with switchgrass(Panicum virgatum L.)in the understudied acidic and oligotrophic pine barrens ecosystem using next-generation sequencing.Switchgrass was also sampled from agroecosystems,as well as,from a native prairie for comparison.The pine barrens switchgrass harbored a distinct AM fungal community−Acaulospora and Ambispora were almost exclusively found in the pine barrens sites,and some of these species may represent undescribed taxa.Glomus was the most ubiquitous AM fungal genus recovered from all sites.This study suggests differences in the AM fungal community structure under different soil properties and land uses.This is the first sequence-based report of the AM fungal communities in the pine barrens ecosystem.

乏情季节应用孕酮微囊包被液态制剂对奶山羊同期发情人工授精效果对比分析

奶山羊发情具有一定的季节性,每年的4~7月份属于乏情季节,为了提高种山羊的利用率,扩大种群规模,实现全年均衡生产,必须突破乏情季节奶山羊繁殖率低的瓶颈。本试验将150只适繁奶山羊随机分为3组,每组50只,第1组以全混合日粮(TMR)为载体投放孕酮微囊包被液态制剂+PMSG+PG处理,第2组以阴道硅胶支架(CIDR)+PMSG+PG处理,第3组不做任何处理。结果表明,在相同饲养条件下,第1、2组同期发情率较高,差异不显著(P> 0.05),但显著高于第3组(P <0.05);但发情母羊人工授精后的妊娠率显示第1组和第3组显著高于第2组(P <0.05),说明在乏情季节对奶山羊应用孕酮微囊包被液态制剂可以有效减少生殖道投药的不利影响,可以有效提高种羊的利用率,为实现舍饲奶山羊快速扩繁提供技术支撑。

络合沉淀法—硫化沉淀法联合处理铜氰贫液试验研究

针对某黄金生产企业产生的铜氰贫液,采用络合沉淀法—硫化沉淀法联合进行回收处理。在络合沉淀法五水合硫酸铜投加量3.0 g/L、焦亚硫酸钠投加量2.0 g/L,硫化沉淀法九水合硫化钠加药量0.35 g/L条件下,铜氰贫液中总氰化合物、铜和硫氰酸盐质量浓度从150.84 mg/L、121.46 mg/L、252.65 mg/L降至0.44 mg/L、86.17 mg/L、1.23 mg/L,回收金、银、铜的产值为116.62元/m^(3),扣除药剂成本后产生经济效益55.44元/m^(3)。研究结果为类似氰化企业铜氰贫液的净化处理提供参考。

健脾补肾活血汤辅助IVF-ET对不孕患者卵巢储备功能、胚胎质量及妊娠率的影响

目的:探讨健脾补肾活血汤辅助体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)对不孕患者卵巢储备功能、胚胎质量及妊娠率的影响。方法:选取医院2019年11月~2022年11月68例不孕症患者,随机数字表法分为两组,均34例。对照组采用IVF-ET治疗,观察组采用健脾补肾活血汤辅助IVF-ET治疗。观察疗效,对比治疗前后中医证候积分、卵巢储备功能、胚胎质量及妊娠情况。结果:观察组较对照组总有效率升高(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组较对照组中医证候积分降低(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组较对照组卵泡最大直径、子宫内膜厚度均升高,卵巢体积降低(P<0.05);观察组较对照组可用胚胎数、优质胚胎数均升高(P<0.05);观察组较对照组生化妊娠率、临床妊娠率均升高(P<0.05)。结论:健脾补肾活血汤辅助IVF-ET治疗不孕症的疗效显著,能缓解患者症状,改善卵巢储备功能,提高胚胎质量及妊娠率。

干旱瘠薄地研究的热点与可视化分析

【目的】统计分析国内干旱瘠薄地研究的热点,为旱地农业的高效发展和科研人员及时掌握干旱瘠薄地的研究态势提供参考。【方法】参考文献计量学方法,分析1955—2023年CNKI数据库中收录的相关研究文献,对国内干旱瘠薄地研究的论文数量、出版刊物、研究内容和研究重点等进行统计,并用CiteSpace V可视化软件进行研究热点预测和分析。【结果】1955—2023年干旱瘠薄地论文数量整体呈波浪式上升,其相关研究逐渐成为研究热点。目前,国内发文机构主要集中在农业发展水平较高、学术力量雄厚的省份,如北京、江苏、四川、河南和陕西等地,其中,西北农林科技大学的发文量最多,达92篇,且相关论文主要发表在环境和农业类学术期刊。检索获得的2116篇论文和高水平822篇论文中发文量在4篇及以上的作者分别有34人和15人,共发表论文分别为226篇和95篇,分别占干旱瘠薄地相关论文总数的10.7%和11.6%,与普赖斯推论的指标(核心作者的论文数应占论文总数的50%)尚存在差距,没有稳定的核心作者群体,核心作者人数较少。高频关键词主要有干旱胁迫、土壤退化、抗旱性、小麦、花生和光合特性等,且不同阶段研究重点和热点不同。【结论】干旱瘠薄地不同时间段的研究重点和热点不同。加强国内外干旱瘠薄地研究领域高水平科研机构间的合作与交流是提高科研成果产出的有效途径之一,研究干旱瘠薄地作物对干旱胁迫生理及分子水平的响应机理,选育抗旱性强的作物品种,改良干旱瘠薄地的水肥供应,从而提高作物产量已成为当前干旱瘠薄地研究的重点和热点。

Practice of barren hilly land consolidation and its impact:A typical case study from Fuping County, Hebei Province of China

Land is the root of rural revitalization, and its core is to reinvigorate land resources through the building up of land capacity. Since the late 1990s, land consolidation efforts have been widely extended to all parts of China. Land consolidation has served as an essential instrument for reinvigorating stock land, strengthening intensive land use, timely supplementing cultivated land, and promoting agricultural modernization, as well as urban-rural integration. This study uses a typical poor village(Dadao Village) in a state-designated impoverished county(Fuping County, Hebei Province), to analyze the socioeconomic benefits and eco-environmental impacts of land consolidation. With the aid of first-hand data from questionnaire surveys, face-to-face interviews and the visual interpretation of land use and land cover changes(LUCC), we found that: 1) the barren hilly land consolidation(BHLC)helps to promote the transformation of resource-advantages into asset-advantages in poverty-stricken areas. In 2017, 60.16% households in the study area gained the additional transferred-income with an annual average of 2843 yuan, while 19.11% households received the wage-income with an annual average of 9871 yuan. 2) Land consolidation inspires farmers' enthusiasm to participate in village government and helps alleviate rural poverty. From 2014 to 2017, land consolidation has helped 585 poor in the village out of poverty. Meanwhile,by land consolidation, most farmers' attitudes towards land consolidation have shifted from"not caring" to "have great concern," and their identity cognition has gradually changed from being bystanders to becoming decision makers and supervisors. 3) Further analysis demonstrated that land consolidation could not only increase the quantity and quality of arable land,but also have a certain impact on eco-environment. During 2014–2016, the BHLC in the study area transformed 242.12 ha unused barren hilly land and open forest land into well-facilitated arable land, and increased the average arable land by 0.19 ha per capita. Also, the index of land use intensity increased by 27.01% between 2014 and 2016. Farmers' perceptions of environmental awareness have confirmed that such high-intensity LUCC were significant enough to make two-side impacts on eco-environment. We appeal to establish a combined organization and encouragement mechanism of rural land consolidation, to take the full breadth and depth of farmers' participation into consideration, and to formulate more scientific and sustainable land consolidation planning. Also, we put forward some suggestions and notes for the implementation and promotion of BHLC model. These findings can provide beneficial references for those involved in policymaking and planning in the areas of land consolidation and poverty alleviation in China, as well as other developing countries around the world.

相关细胞因子对不孕症的影响分析及育龄期女性子宫内膜异位症预测模型构建

目的:分析相关细胞因子对不孕症的影响,并建立育龄期女性子宫内膜异位症治疗后不孕症的预测模型。方法:纳入2020年3月至2022年3月医院108例育龄期女性子宫内膜异位症患者,所有患者入院时均接受血清学检测。随访1年,观察其自然妊娠情况,依据妊娠结果分为自然妊娠组与不孕组,对比两组基线资料及血清学检测指标,建立育龄期女性子宫内膜异位症预测模型,并分析相关细胞因子对不孕症的影响。结果:随访1年,108例育龄期女性子宫内膜异位症患者中成功妊娠66例(61.11%),未成功妊娠42例(38.89%);不孕组子宫内膜异位症Ⅲ期-Ⅳ期、未接受促排卵治疗的患者占比高于自然妊娠组(χ2=6.495、5.945,P<0.05);不孕组白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平高于自然妊娠组(t=7.345、4.095、5.739,P<0.05);绘制血清学细胞因子预测育龄期女性子宫内膜异位症患者发生不孕症的受试者工作曲线(ROC),结果显示,IL-1β、IL-18、TNF-α水平对育龄期女性子宫内膜异位症患者发生不孕症具有一定预测价值(AUC=0.837、0.711、0.779,P<0.05),联合预测价值更高(AUC=0.864);经Logistic回归分析,结果显示,子宫内膜异位症Ⅲ期-Ⅳ期、未接受促排卵治疗、高IL-1β、IL-18、TNF-α水平是育龄期女性子宫内膜异位症患者发生不孕症的危险因素(OR=4.730、4.173、16.216、1.012、4.631,P<0.05),将其带入回归方程可得:Logit(P)=-15.285+1.554X1+1.429X2+2.786X3+0.012X4+1.533X5。结论:子宫内膜异位症Ⅲ期-Ⅳ期、未接受促排卵治疗、高IL-1β、IL-18、TNF-α水平是育龄期女性子宫内膜异位症患者发生不孕症的危险因素,建立的Logistic回归模型可预测育龄期女性子宫内膜异位症患者发生不孕症的可能性,有助于帮助医务人员识别不孕症高风险者。

新技术在甘肃荒山植树造林中的应用

随着国家对荒山改造力度的逐渐增大,相关林业单位对采用新技术开展荒山植树造林工作越来越重视。该文以甘肃荒山植树造林为例,通过创新型植树造林技术有效改造荒山,逐步实现以生态化模式发展经济,从而加快黄河中上游流域生态环境修复工作。

3种耐旱耐瘠护坡植物根系形态及抗拉特性

[目的]探究耐旱耐瘠护坡植物的根系形态及抗拉特性,为边坡生态修复植物选用配置提供依据。[方法]在云南省大理市滇中引水项目区弃渣场边坡上选择戟叶酸模(Rumex hastatus D.)、车桑子(Dodonaea viscosa L.)和地瓜藤(Ficus tikoua Bur.)3种植物,通过整株挖掘法获取得根系样品,使用Epson12000XL扫描仪中在500 dpi下进行灰度扫描,用WinRhizo(Pro.2019)根系分析系统对根系形态参数进行分析,并使用万测牌微机控制时万能试验机进行单根拉伸试验。[结果](1)戟叶酸模和车桑子根系形态呈三角形,而地瓜藤呈抛物线形,戟叶酸模和车桑子根径小于2 mm的长度占比最大,大于4.5 mm根径的长度占比次之。(2)3种植物平均抗拉力车桑子最大、戟叶酸模次之、地瓜藤最小,平均抗拉强度地瓜藤最大,戟叶酸模次之,地瓜藤拥有良好抵抗形变的能力,其极限延伸率与杨氏模量优于其余两种植物。[结论]从根系形态看,戟叶酸模和车桑子的固土护坡能力高于地瓜藤,从抗拉特性看地瓜藤虽抗拉力较弱,但抗拉强度高,抵抗变形能力强,3种植物在固土护坡方面根系形态及抗拉特性各有优势,可根据边坡特点及部位有针对性地选用配置。

荒山造林树种的选择与造林技术

荒山造林地块交通不便,多为远山、高山和瘦山,立地条件较差,土壤瘠薄,不但是降水少、蒸发量大、日照时间短、负积温多,无霜期长,而且受干旱灾害频发,严重影响了造林的成活率低、保存率少。随着人们对生态环境的逐渐重视,荒山造林作为改善生态环境的重要手段也愈发得到相应的重视。借助荒山造林的方式既可以带动当地经济良好发展,同时可以有效改善环境质量,进而创设优质的生活环境。对此该文主要从适地适树原则、生态优先原则、混交原则以及稳定原则等方面分析了荒山造林树种选择的基本原则,同时阐述了造林树种的具体选择,并对荒山造林技术进行了探讨,以供参考。

山西黄土丘陵区荒山造林技术研究

为了改善山西省生态环境,实施对黄土丘陵区生态系统的全方位改造,加强荒山造林技术应用,攻克黄土丘陵区造林难题,对山西省黄土丘陵区荒山造林工作开展状况进行研究、整理和分析,阐述了山西省黄土丘陵区荒山造林面临的现实困境,从前期规划、整地、造林、抚育管理、日常养护等多个环节提出黄土丘陵区荒山造林技术应用优化策略,以重塑黄土丘陵区绿色生态,推动绿色发展战略目标实现,为相关工作人员提供理论参考。

Plant physiological changes along an encroachment gradient: an assessment of US Mid-Atlantic serpentine barrens

Aims Serpentine barrens of the Mid-Atlantic United States are globally rare,grass-dominated ecosystems thought to exclude C3 spe-cies and characterized by unique soil composition.However,like many grassland ecosystems globally,these sites are presently facing encroachment by surrounding forest.In this ecosystem,the tendril climbing vine,Smilax rotundifolia,forms dense thickets around bar-rens that typically precede forest encroachment.While numerous factors speculatively initiate and promote encroachment in these systems,few studies have examined photosynthetic responses of serpentine grasses to changes in resource availability initiated by encroachers or physiological ability of encroaching S.rotundifolia to colonize high-light barren environments.We sought to under-stand both environmental and physiological dynamics of encroach-ment along an irradiance gradient in these systems.Methods At three serpentine barren sites in southeastern Pennsylvania,physiological responses of the native grasses Sorghastrum nutans and Schizachyrium scoparium to increased shading by S.rotundi-folia were examined.Additionally,the physiological performance of S.rotundifolia in the forest understory was compared to that in sunlit barrens environments.Light-saturated photosynthesis(A_(sat)),stomatal conductance(g_(s)),instantaneous transpiration efficiency(ITE),maximum efficiency of photosystem II(F_(v)/F_(m)),midday leaf water potential(ψ_(leaf))and specific leaf area(SLA)were measured for all species over the course of the 2014 growing season.Two-way analyses of variance were used to assess changes in these param-eters across growing environments,as well as seasonally for each species.Multiple regression analyses were also performed to inves-tigate the influence of vapor pressure deficit(D)and leaf tempera-ture(T_(leaf))on A_(sat) and ITE.Important Findings Light-saturated photosynthesis was significantly greater in S.rotun-difolia growing in sun than in the shade(P<0.001)and early in the season(P=0.012).Sun S.rotundifolia had up to 27%greater A_(sat) than shaded plants.Even with reducedψleaf in the barrens,S.rotundifolia maintained high g_(s) though A_(sat) was limited by high D later in the growing season.These data are in agreement with recent research suggesting that plants are not subject to water limi-tation in Mid-Atlantic barrens.Unexpectedly,shaded grasses at the encroachment interface did not exhibit any significant reduc-tion in A_(sat).Declines in grass photosynthesis do not likely occur until S.rotundifolia rhizomes transition into monotypic thickets,completely excluding grasses.Encroachment by S.rotundifolia appears to be primarily facilitated by its ability to capitalize on light resources early on in the summer growing season,when environ-mental conditions are less stressful.

Ga-(Nb+Ta)-(Nb/Ta)(Zr/Hf) Ternary Diagram: An Excellent Tool for Discriminating Barren and Ta-Hosting Granite-Pegmatite Systems

Discriminating barren and fertile intrusions is one of the main challenges in the search for rare-element pegmatites.Diagrams comprising more than one element can make discrimination of productive and barren samples more valid.These diagrams distinguish samples by simultaneous means of positive and/or negative correlations between variables.A ternary diagram for S-type peraluminous granites has been obtained in this study.Firstly,a database composed of Ta-bearing and barren granitic systems was created,then geochemical behavior of trace elements was studied,and statistical investigations were done using GCDkit software,which resulted in the Ga-(Nb+Ta)-(Nb/Ta)(Zr/Hf)ternary diagram which can distinguish the non-mineralized granites from productive ones.The Ta-bearing samples,which are situated in the fertile field in the diagram,are those which have high Nb and Ta contents,elevated Ga content and the lowest Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf values.

基于混合团树的贝叶斯网络智能推理算法

提出了一种基于混合团树的智能推理体系架构,利用原始贝叶斯网络中变量之间的依赖关系对连接树进行改造,使得在推理过程中满足以下两个优势:(1)它能直接消除与证据和查询的无关的变量集,使得混合团树得以缩减为更小规模的二级树状结构,进而使消息不必在所有节点中传播;(2)它继承了连接树传播算法中可以重复利用混合团树中预先储存的信息进行加速推理.