Enhancing Mar and Abrasion Resistance of Acrylic Hard Coatings with Soft Base Layer

Mar and abrasion resistance were investigated by a progressive load scratch test and steel wool abrasion test, respectively. Two acrylic coating systems including trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) were prepared. A soft base layer was introduced as an intermediate layer between two different types of top layer and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrate to demonstrate the effect of soft base layer on mar and abrasion resistance. Abrasion damage on the coating surface was found to be less severe, when the soft base layer was incorporated into the coating systems. The reduction in scratch coefficient of friction (SCOF) and surface roughness was also observed. The results suggested that mar and abrasion resistance was greatly influenced by the presence of soft base layer, although different top layers were used. Moreover, it was found that abrasion resistance was further improved as the thicker soft base layer was applied.

Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of C-Cr-W-Mo-V-RE Fe-based hardfacing layer

After different heat treatment processes, the metal compound, the microstructure and the hardness of the C-Cr-W- Mo-V-RE Fe-based hardfacing layers are investigated by means of metallographic microscope, X-ray diffraction （ XRD ）, energy dispersive spectrum（ EDS ）, transmission electron microscope（TEM） and hardness tester. The results show that the hardfacing layers have higher tempering stability and secondary hardening property. After quenching at 820 ℃ ,the hardness value（ HRC37 ） and the microstructure of the layers are similar to that normalized at 820 - 1 000 ℃. The tempering stability and the hardness increases with increasing quench temperature, which is attributed to the amount of the alloy element in the matrix. These results are very helpful for improving the mechanical properties of the hardfacing layers.

Tempering Stability of Fe-Base Hardfacing Layer Containing RE and Multiple Alloying

After tempering treatment at different conditions, the tempering stability of Fe-base hardfacing layer containing RE and multiple alloying was investigated. The results show that after heat preservation at 560 ℃ and tempering for 4 h the hardness value of Fe-base hardfacing layer containing RE and multiple alloying can reach HRC57; By repeatedly heating circle 700 ℃17 ℃ for 150 times, the hardness value of Fe-base hardfacing layer can reach HRC43, tempering stability is higher and causes the secondary hardening phenomenon. Reasons for higher tempering stability of Fe-base hardfacing layer were analyzed by means of metallographic, XRD, TEM and EDS.

Laser multi-layer cladding of Mg-based alloys

By laser multi-layer cladding using a pulsed Nd-YAG irradiation the thickness of the cladding zone Mg-based alloys(ZM2 and ZM5) can reach about 1.0 mm.The microstructure of the substrate and the cladding zone was studied using optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and micro hardness analysis. It is observed that constituent of ZM5 alloy is δ+Mg 17Al 12, that of ZM2 alloy is α+MgZn+Mg 9Ce. That of cladding layer ZM2 alloy(L-ZM2) is Mg+Mg 2Zn 11+MgCe; while that of the cladding layer ZM5 alloy(L-ZM5) is Mg+Mg 32(Al, Zn) 49. The hardness of the cladding area can be increased to values above HV127. Very fine uniform microstructure and the produced new phases of nanometer/sub-micrometer order were obtained. Now, many repaired Mg-based alloy components have been passed by flying test in outside field.

Dynamics of Bottom Boundary Layers in the Yellow River Subaqueous Delta Based on Long-Term In-Situ Observations

Objective In geo-marine science,the generalized bottom boundary layer（BBL）represents a layer between sediments and seawater.The BBL plays an important role in geological,geobiochemical,geophysical and geotechnical research because it is the connection region of hydrosphere,

Thermal Fatigue Property of Cr-W-Mo-Ni-Mn-RE Ferric-Base Hardfacing Layer

The thermal fatigue property of Cr-W-Mo-Ni-Mn-RE ferric-base hardfacing layer was investigated. The results show that the generation and propagation of thermal fatigue cracks prefer the parts of oxidation and etching of the grain boundary, the joint efforts of cycle stress and oxidation at high temperatures are the main factors in the generation and propagation of thermal fatigue cracks. When the temperatures is below 600 ℃, the Cr-W-Mo-Ni-Mn-RE ferric-base hardfacing layer has higher ability of thermal fatigue resistance. The function of the alloy and rare earth elements was discussed.

Investigation on Cracking in the Surfacing Welding Layer of Ni_3Al Based Alloy

Investigation has been made into the causes of cracking in the Surfacing welding layer of Ni3Al based alloy by analysing both the liqu id-to-solid transformation in the molten pool and the distribution of thermal stress within the surfacing welding layer. The results show that cracking in the surfacing welding layer is directly related to the producing of eutectic phase β' (NiAl) in the interdendritic region and high thermal stress within the surfacing welding layer. When the process of electric arc surfacing welding is changed from along straight line to along' Z' pattern, cracking in the surfacing welding layer of Ni3Al based alloy is prevented due to being reduced of both the cooling rate of liquid in the molten pool and the moving speed of the heat source. Reducing the melting volume of the substrate material by lowering the output power of electric arc welding would make the content of iron atoms in the molten pool decrease. and this also can reduce the trend of the eutectic reaction in the interdendfitic region and is helpful to Suppress cracking in the surfacing welding layer.

High-Temperature Electric Properties and X-ray Photoemission Spectra of Layered Co-Based Oxides Bi_(2-x)La_xSr_2Co_2O_(8-δ)

Layered Co-based ceramics with a nominal composition Bi2-xLaxSr2Co2O8-δ (x=0.0, 0.4, 0.8, short by BLC-222) were prepared using conventional solid state reaction method. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate their electronic structures. The cobalt ions are highly mixed valences of Co3+ and Co4+. The fraction of Co4+ almost keeps unchanged with the increase of x. The O-1s photoemission spectra show that there are lattice oxygen and chemical absorbed oxygen in all the samples. The substitution of Bi3+ by La3+ results in a change from metallic-like behavior to semiconductor behavior. This abnormal phenomenon means that La3+ plays a key role in effecting the electrical transport property of BLC-222. The O-Co covalence bond is strengthened by the increase of La3+, which results in the decrease of conductivity.

Ensemble Based Learning with Accurate Motion Contrast Detection

Recent developments in computer vision applications have enabled detection of significant visual objects in video streams.Studies quoted in literature have detected objects from video streams using Spatiotemporal Particle Swarm Optimization(SPSOM)and Incremental Deep Convolution Neural Networks(IDCNN)for detecting multiple objects.However,the study considered opticalflows resulting in assessing motion contrasts.Existing methods have issue with accuracy and error rates in motion contrast detection.Hence,the overall object detection performance is reduced significantly.Thus,consideration of object motions in videos efficiently is a critical issue to be solved.To overcome the above mentioned problems,this research work proposes a method involving ensemble approaches to and detect objects efficiently from video streams.This work uses a system modeled on swarm optimization and ensemble learning called Spatiotemporal Glowworm Swarm Optimization Model(SGSOM)for detecting multiple significant objects.A steady quality in motion contrasts is maintained in this work by using Chebyshev distance matrix.The proposed system achieves global optimization in its multiple object detection by exploiting spatial/temporal cues and local constraints.Its experimental results show that the proposed system scores 4.8%in Mean Absolute Error(MAE)while achieving 86%in accuracy,81.5%in precision,85%in recall and 81.6%in F-measure and thus proving its utility in detecting multiple objects.

Efficiency and droop improvement in a blue InGaN-based light emitting diode with a p-InGaN layer inserted in the GaN barriers

The advantages of a blue InGaN-based light-emitting diode with a p-InGaN layer inserted in the GaN barriers is studied. The carrier concentration in the quantum well, radiative recombination rate in the active region, output power, and internal quantum efficiency are investigated. The simulation results show that the InGaN-based light-emitting diode with a p-InGaN layer inserted in the barriers has better performance over its conventional counterpart and the light emitting diode with p-GaN inserted in the barriers. The improvement is due to enhanced Mg acceptor activation and enhanced hole injection into the quantum wells.

Light-Emitting Diodes Based on All-Quantum-Dot Multilayer Films and the Influence of Various Hole-Transporting Layers on the Performance

We present a systematic analysis of the exciton-recombination zone within all-quantum-dot （QD） multilayer films using sensing QD layers in QD-based light-emitting diodes （QLEDs）, and demonstrate the a11-QD multilayer films with different sequences of layers prepared by inserting a sensing blue QD layer denoted as B at various positions within four red QD multilayers denoted as R. We also use different hole transporting layers （PVK, CBP as well as poly-TPD） to prevent the formation of leakage current and to improve the luminance. The results show that the total EL emission is mostly at the fourth （60%） and fifth （40%） QD monolayers, adjacent to ITO. This presents both decreasing current density and increasing brightness with different hole transporting layers, thus resulting in more efficient performance.

基于改进LatLRR算法的红外与可见光图像融合研究

为了使红外与可见光图像融合后的目标图像更突出、背景信息更丰富,提出改进LatLRR算法。首先将潜在低秩分解获得的基础图层进行多级分解以便获得较多的基础图层、细节图层;接着多级分解控制,分别依据细节图层的水平分量、垂直分量的能量和基础图层的全局对比度,避免了无效分解;最后基础图层和细节图层融合采用不同的融合策略。实验仿真表明,本文算法融合结果具有层次感,图像比较清晰,纹理丰富,能够保持红外热辐射目标的轮廓细节信息,同时也保留大量的可见光图像背景特征,客观评价指标较优。

含少层石墨烯锂基润滑脂摩擦学与流变学性能研究

为了研究少层石墨烯对锂基润滑脂摩擦学与流变学性能的影响,通过机械搅拌、超声分散及三辊研磨的方式制备不同质量分数的少层石墨烯改性锂基润滑脂,利用MR-10型四球试验机和DHR-2旋转式流变仪分别考察其摩擦学性能和流变学性能。结果表明:少层石墨烯的加入可以有效提高锂基润滑脂的减摩抗磨性能,当少层石墨烯的质量分数为0.1%时效果最佳;少层石墨烯的加入,显著增加了润滑脂流动点对应的应变值和破坏润滑脂皂纤维所需的能量,以及皂纤维结构破坏后恢复所需要的时间。对试验数据进行回归分析,建立基于Herschel-Bulkley模型的不同质量分数少层石墨烯改性锂基润滑脂的流动方程。

电容去离子碳基电极材料的研究进展

电容去离子(CDI)技术具有能耗低、再生效率高、无二次污染、易于操作等优点,在解决水资源短缺和水环境污染方面应用广泛。开发具有高电化学性能和盐吸附能力的电极材料是CDI脱盐的关键。碳材料因其高比表面积、丰富的孔隙结构、优异的导电性和良好的稳定性而被广泛用作CDI电极。本文在介绍CDI技术基本原理的基础上,综述了5类典型碳基电极材料的研究进展,重点是材料设计和改进的吸附性能。对比分析了不同种类电极材料之间的优缺点,探讨了工业化存在的问题及改进方向。

基站空调在640层CT数据机房的使用效果

目的探讨基站空调在640层CT数据机房的使用效果。方法640层CT正常开机时,分别记录并比较基站空调和普通空调开启后数据机房温度由28℃降至24℃所需时间、正常运行必需后勤维护项目及次数、整体价格。结果室外温度为-5~30℃时,两种空调达到设定温度所需时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),后勤维护项目次数相同;室外环境温度为31~42℃时,基站空调机房降温时间短于普通空调(P<0.05);普通空调需完成后勤维护项目一2次和项目二1次,基站空调需完成项目一2次;在室外环境温度为-6~-15℃时,普通空调故障停机,基站空调达到设定温度需要(12.4±1.5)min;基站空调整体价格高于普通空调;基站空调的整机性价比、操作使用、降温效率、故障报警和环境影响评分高于普通空调(P<0.05)。结论基站空调虽整体价格偏贵,但制冷速度快、可靠性高、维护简单,更适用于640层CT数据机房。

人乳头瘤病毒检查、液基薄层细胞检测联合阴道镜检查在早期宫颈病变筛查中的意义

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒检查、液基薄层细胞检测联合阴道镜检查在早期宫颈病变筛查中的运用效果。方法选取110例疑似宫颈病变患者为研究对象,均接受人乳头瘤病毒检查、液基薄层细胞检测与阴道镜检查,以病理诊断结果为金标准,比较人乳头瘤病毒检查、液基薄层细胞检测及阴道镜检查与联合检查的阳性检出情况,以及单独检查与联合检查的诊断效能。结果病理诊断确诊低度鳞状上皮内病变24例、高度鳞状上皮内病变33例与宫颈癌12例;联合检查的阳性检出率为98.55%,高于人乳头瘤病毒检查、液基薄层细胞检测及阴道镜检查的84.06%、62.32%、86.96%(P<0.05);联合检查的准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值与阴性预测值高于人乳头瘤病毒检查、液基薄层细胞检测及阴道镜检查(P<0.05)。结论在早期宫颈病变诊断中运用人乳头瘤病毒检查、液基薄层细胞检测联合阴道镜检查,能够明显提高阳性检出率,且具有较高的诊断效能,值得推广。

基于可变终端Tube-Based MPC的机场除雪车横向稳定性控制方法

为了提高机场路面自动驾驶除雪车作业过程中的侧倾稳定性,提出了一种基于可变终端tubebased MPC的机场除雪车横向稳定性控制方法。建立了除雪车作业的三自由度侧倾动力学解耦模型,采用tube-based MPC控制算法,基于除雪车横向稳定性、误差跟踪特性等约束条件设计了LQR函数,使MPC具有更好的鲁棒性,并在此基础上针对除雪车高速情况下可能出现的跟踪偏差发散设计了可变终端集。设计了多重模糊控制策略,确保除雪车在安全可行域内的灵活性和极端情况的安全性。仿真结果表明,采用tube-based MPC对比传统MPC在高速下除雪车综合跟踪性能提升80.22%,车身稳定性提升66.62%;加入多层模糊控制和可变终端约束的tube-based MPC对比可变终端约束的tube-based MPC在高速情况下除雪车综合跟踪性能提升71.77%,车身稳定性提升26.27%。