Effect of Rice-Based Cropping System on Organic Matter Status in Soils

A long-term simulation experiment was carried out to study the effect of rice-based cropping system,green manure and ground-water level on soil organic matter. Soil organic matter content increased when upland soil was puddled and cropped under submerged conditions. Among all treatments, soil organic matter contents in the treatments of rice-rice-flooded fallow in winter (WF) were the highest, those in the treatments of rice-rice-astragalus (WG) came the second, and those in the treatments of rice-rice-rape (WR)were the lowest. At the same rate of green manure application, the degrees of organo-mineral complexing in soils of treatments WG and WR were higher than those of treatment WF. After 9-year rice cultivation, the state of combination of humus in heavy fraction varied with treatments. The relative content of loosely bonded humus decreased in the order of WR > WG > WF, and it correlated significantly with Se availability.

Skin formation in drying a film of soft matter solutions：Application of solute based Lagrangian scheme

When a film of soft matter solutions is being dried, a skin layer often forms at its surface, which is a gel-like elastic phase made of concentrated soft matter solutions. We study the dynamics of this process by using the solute based Lagrangian scheme which was proposed by us recently. In this scheme, the process of the gelation（i.e., the change from sol to gel） can be naturally incorporated in the diffusion equation. Effects of the elasticity of the skin phase, the evaporation rate of the solvents, and the initial concentration of the solutions are discussed. Moreover, the condition for the skin formation is provided.

White matter abnormalities in young males with antisocial personality disorder Evidence from voxel-based morphometry-diffeomorphic anatomical registration using exponentiated lie algebra analysis

Voxel-based morphometry-diffeomorphic anatomical registration using exponentiated lie algebra analysis was used to investigate the structural characteristics of white matter in young males with antisocial personality disorder （APD） and healthy controls without APD. The results revealed that APD subjects, relative to healthy subjects, exhibited increased white matter volume in the bilateral prefrontal lobe, right insula, precentral gyrus, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, right inferior parietal Iobule, right precuneus, right middle occipital lobe, right parahippocampal gyrus and bilateral cingulate, and decreased volume in the middle temporal cortex and right cerebellum. The white matter volume in the medial frontal gyrus was significantly correlated with antisocial type scores on the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire in APD subjects. These experimental findings indicate that white matter abnormalities in several brain areas may contribute to antisocial behaviors in APD subjects.

MLA-Based Detection of Organic Matter with Iodized Epoxy Resin—An Alternative to Carnauba

Solid organic matter is an important constituent not only in coal, but also in black shale-hosted ore deposits. The reliable recognition and quantification of organic carbon—as well as its microfabric relation to associated inorganic minerals—plays a crucial role in characterization by scanning electron microscopy-based image analysis. However, the use of conventional epoxy resin in the preparation of grain mounts does not allow for recognition of solid organic carbon compounds. In this study we illustrate that the use of iodized epoxy resin readily overcomes this bottleneck. Best results are obtained with an addition of 15 wt% iodoform to the epoxy resin. With process samples of black shale-hosted polymetallic Kupferschiefer-type ore as a case study, it is shown that recognition and quantification of solid organic carbon are easily achieved and that tangible parameters such as particle and grain sizes, association and liberation for ore and gangue minerals can be determined in the presence of solid organic matter. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the exact chemical composition of the kerogen contained in Kupferschiefer, it was not possible to attain exact comparability between chemical Corg assays and assays calculated from MLA data. However, the results are still found to closely agree with one another. The strength of iodized resin lies in its ability to distinguish organic matter with high hydration ratios in addition to the easy integration in sample preparation. It could therefore be an attractive supplement in the analyses of other raw materials containing complex organic-matter.

昭通褐煤氨解可溶化转化及热溶物中氧和氮的赋存形态

褐煤碳含量高且富含氧、氮等杂原子,是制备炭材料的重要原料。但由于褐煤可溶有机碳含量低,杂原子分配无规律,导致以褐煤为原料制备炭材料面临诸多挑战。因此,亟需实现褐煤的可溶化转化。本研究以氨水为溶剂,旨在温和条件下,同步实现昭通褐煤的可溶化和褐煤热溶物中氧和氮的调控。实验结果表明,在氨水质量分数15%、温度160℃条件下反应3 h,热溶物收率最高为76.66%,昭通褐煤表现出良好的热溶效果。基于对热溶物的表征和分析,发现氨解在一定程度上改变了煤中的大分子结构,表现为氨基与羟基置换,或与部分羧基、羰基直接反应生成有机态氮。对比发现,原煤中氮元素赋存形态以季氮和吡咯氮为主,而可溶物中氮元素赋存形态以氨基氮和吡啶氮为主,表明褐煤氨解热溶过程产生了氨基或酰胺基。

伴躯体症状抑郁症患者磁共振脑灰质体积异常表现

目的 采用基于体素的形态学分析(voxel-based morphometry,VBM)比较伴和不伴躯体症状抑郁症患者大脑灰质体积变化,探索伴躯体症状抑郁症患者在MRI上特有表现。方法 纳入52例抑郁症患者,根据入组时健康问卷躯体症状群量表评分是否>9分将其分为伴躯体症状组和不伴躯体症状组,同时纳入性别、年龄匹配的健康志愿者40名作为对照组。所有被试予MRI扫描,采用VBM方法比较各组大脑灰质体积的差异。结果 与对照组相比,伴躯体症状组右颞上回灰质体积增加,右眶额下回、右颞下回、左眶额下回、左颞上回体积减少(P<0.001),不伴躯体症状组右颞中回灰质体积增加,右颞上回、右颞下回体积减少(P<0.01)。抑郁症患者中,伴躯体症状组右舌回、左扣带回的体积较不伴躯体症状组增加(P<0.01)。结论 抑郁症伴躯体症状患者在VBM-MRI上表现为舌回、扣带回体积增加。

污泥基生物炭的制备及其在环境污染治理中的应用

随着我国水处理厂普及率逐渐上升,剩余污泥产量增长迅速,且因其危害性高、难处理的特点,在环境污染治理中备受关注。污泥基生物炭是以污泥为原料通过热解方式制得的固体产物,因其良好的吸附和催化性能被广泛应用于环境介质中各类污染物的去除。本文对污泥基生物炭的制备方法、热解温度对其理化性能的影响及其改性处理的研究进展进行了综述,并对其催化机理研究、回收再利用和应用于土壤污染治理的前景作出了展望。

浅述煤系针状焦挥发分测试

煤系针状焦因其具有良好的物理、机械及电性能,而被广泛地应用在石墨电极、锂离子电池负极材料和各种炭素制品领域。挥发分是表征针状焦质量的指标之一。GB/T 32158和YB/T 5189列出针状焦挥发分测试的原理和试验步骤等。作者旨在介绍方大喜科墨(江苏)针状焦科技有限公司实验室当前采用从日本新日化引进的针状焦挥发分测试方法,此方法在关键的设备、步骤和细节上进行优化,从而大大提高针状焦挥发分测试结果的准确性和精密度。同时考察了若干挥发分测试的影响因素。

乳腺癌化疗患者脑结构及功能磁共振成像研究

目的探讨乳腺癌化疗患者的脑灰质体积(gray matter volume,GMV)变化及静息状态下部分脑区与全脑功能连接(functional connectivity,FC)的改变。材料与方法本研究共纳入29名术后化疗前的乳腺癌患者(without chemotherapy treatment,C−)和30名化疗后乳腺癌患者(chemotherapy treatment,C+),分别进行了心理认知测试、结构及静息态功能MRI扫描,运用基于体素的形态学测量(voxel-based morphometry,VBM)方法对GMV进行分析,并选择体积变化脑区为感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI)进行全脑FC的分析。GMV比较及FC比较均采用双样本t检验分析方法。采用Spearman偏相关分析来探讨差异脑区GMV及FC值与心理认知测试结果之间的关系。结果与C−组相比,C+患者左侧枕中回(MNI:X,Y,Z=−10.5,−105.0,0.0)、右侧距状裂周围皮层(MNI:X,Y,Z=15.0,−103.5,−1.5)GMV减小(P<0.001,cluster size>90)。以左侧枕中回为种子点,与右侧颞极:颞上回(MNI:X,Y,Z=63,3,−3)、左侧颞上回(MNI:X,Y,Z=−54,−12,3)FC减弱;以右距状裂周围皮层为种子点,与左侧舌回(MNI:X,Y,Z=−33,−87,−15)FC减弱(P<0.001,FWE-corrected<0.05)。C+患者GMV与FC值与心理认知结果之间未存在明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论乳腺癌患者化疗后大脑部分区域GMV改变,与大脑多个脑区存在FC受损,这可能是其认知、情感及行为障碍的神经病理基础之一。

不同MoCA评分下血管性认知障碍患者的灰质体积差异基于体素的形态学分析

目的:采用基于体素的形态学分析(VBM)方法,探究血管性认知障碍(VCI)患者灰质体积与认知障碍程度的关系。方法:选取157例确诊的VCI患者,根据蒙特利尔认知量表(MoCA)评分结果分为轻、中、重度组,均行颅脑MRI扫描和VBM分析。比较3组的颅脑总体积、灰质体积、白质体积、脑室或脑脊液体积,以及灰/白质体积与颅脑总体积之比。对组间差异脑区灰质体积与MoCA评分行相关性分析。结果:与轻度组相比,重度组右侧颞下回、右侧颞中回、右侧额中回、右侧额下回、右侧海马、右侧补充运动区和左侧中央旁小叶的脑灰质体积均显著减少(均P<0.05)。全部患者脑灰质体积与MoCA评分呈正相关(r=0.249,P<0.001);右侧海马区灰质体积与MoCA评分呈正相关(r=0.432,P<0.001)。结论:不同认知功能障碍水平的VCI患者存在额叶、颞叶、顶叶和海马等多个脑区的灰质体积变化,这为认知障碍程度的划分提供了神经影像学证据支持。

Differences in brain structure in patients with distinct sites of chronic pain:A voxel-based morphometric analysis

A reduction in gray matter volume is common in patients with chronic back pain, and different types of pain are associated with gray matter abnormalities in distinct brain regions. To examine differ- ences in brain morphology in patients with low back pain or neck and upper back pain, we investi- gated changes in gray matter volume in chronic back pain patients having different sites of pain using voxel-based morphometry. A reduction in cortical gray matter volume was found primarily in the left postcentral gyrus and in the left precuneus and bilateral cuneal cortex of patients with low back pain. In these patients, there was an increase in subcortical gray matter volume in the bilateral putamen and accumbens, right pallidum, right caudate nucleus, and left amygdala. In upper back pain patients, reduced cortical gray matter volume was found in the left precentral and left postcen- tral cortices. Our findings suggest that regional gray matter volume abnormalities in low back pain patients are more extensive than in upper back pain patients. Subcortical gray matter volume in- creases are found only in patients with low back pain.

Correlation between white matter damage and gray matter lesions in multiple sclerosis patients

We observed the characteristics of white matter fibers and gray matter in multiple sclerosis patients, to identify changes in diffusion tensor imaging fractional anisotropy values following white matter fiber injury. We analyzed the correlation between fractional anisotropy values and changes in whole-brain gray matter volume. The participants included 20 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and 20 healthy volunteers as controls. All subjects underwent head magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. Our results revealed that fractional anisotropy values decreased and gray matter volumes were reduced in the genu and splenium of corpus callosum, left anterior thalamic radiation, hippocampus, uncinate fasciculus, right corticospinal tract, bilateral cingulate gyri, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus in multiple sclerosis patients. Gray matter volumes were significantly different between the two groups in the right frontal lobe（superior frontal, middle frontal, precentral, and orbital gyri）, right parietal lobe（postcentral and inferior parietal gyri）, right temporal lobe（caudate nucleus）, right occipital lobe（middle occipital gyrus）, right insula, right parahippocampal gyrus, and left cingulate gyrus. The voxel sizes of atrophic gray matter positively correlated with fractional anisotropy values in white matter association fibers in the patient group. These findings suggest that white matter fiber bundles are extensively injured in multiple sclerosis patients. The main areas of gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis are the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, caudate nucleus, parahippocampal gyrus, and cingulate gyrus. Gray matter atrophy is strongly associated with white matter injury in multiple sclerosis patients, particularly with injury to association fibers.

The Role of Organic Matter During Metal Enrichment in Permian Kupferschiefer of the Rudna Mine,Southwest Poland

The bulk composition of organic matter and saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons extracted from 16 samples collected from two Kupferschiefer profiles in the Rudna mine, Southwest Poland has been analyzed to study the role of organic matter during base metal enrichment in the Kupferschiefer shale. The results indicated that the extract yields and saturated hydrocarbon yields decreased with increasing base metal contents. GC and GC/MS analyses indicated that n-alkanes and alkylated aromatic compounds were depleted and may have served as hydrogen donators for thermochemical sulfate reduction. The enrichment of base metals is closely connected with the destruction of hydrocarbons.

温稠密物质模拟的第一性原理方法进展

温稠密物质(Warm Dense Matter,WDM)是介于凝聚态物质和等离子体之间的一种过渡状态的物质,也是行星物理、实验室天体物理和惯性约束聚变等高能量密度物理领域的前沿科研方向。温稠密物质的量子效应显著,具有部分电离、强耦合、电子简并和热效应等重要的物理性质,因此需要采用量子力学的基础理论来描述。近年来,基于量子力学的第一性原理计算模拟方法发展迅速,逐渐成为了深入理解温稠密物质性质的有效工具。一方面,直接将凝聚态物理和材料科学中广泛适用的第一性原理方法应用于温稠密物质面临着巨大的挑战,特别是在宽温区和极端高压等极端条件下,需要不断改进现有的第一性原理算法和软件。另一方面,基于机器学习的分子动力学方法发展迅速,也给温稠密物质模拟带来了新的工具。在这篇综述中,我们首先回顾了适用于温稠密物质模拟的传统第一性原理方法,包括Kohn-Sham密度泛函理论方法和无轨道密度泛函理论方法。其次,我们介绍了近年来发展的新方法和软件,例如改进的第一性原理方法和随机密度泛函理论方法,后者已在国产开源密度泛函理论软件原子算筹(ABACUS)中实现。以上新方法可以显著提升温稠密物质的计算规模和效率,从而提升温稠密物质的结构、动力学和输运系数等性质的计算精度。

Changes of brain gray matter structure in Parkinson's disease patients with dementia

Voxel-based morphometry is gaining considerable interest for studies examining Parkinson＇s disease dementia patients. In this study, 12 patients with clinically defined Parkinson＇s disease and dementia and 12 non-demented patients with Parkinson＇s disease were examined using a T1WI three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient echo sequence. Gray matter data were analyzed using a voxel-based morphometry method and independent sample t-test based on Statistical Parametric Mapping 5 software. Differences in gray matter volume were represented with statistical parametric mapping. Compared with Parkinson＇s disease patients without dementia, decreased gray matter volume in Parkinson＇s disease dementia patients was observed in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, bilateral posterior cingulate and left cingulate gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus, right precuneus and right cuneus, left inferior frontal gyrus and left insular lobe. No increased gray matter volume was apparent. These data indicate that gray matter atrophy in the limbic system and cerebral neocortex is related to the presence of dementia.

基于弥散张量成像对急性精神创伤后早期脑白质变化的研究

目的采用磁共振弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)探讨急性精神创伤后早期脑白质微结构的变化及其意义。材料与方法创伤组纳入30例河北医科大学第三医院2020年11月至2022年2月就诊的交通事故受害者,对照组来自同期在社会上招募的年龄、性别、受教育年限与创伤组相匹配的26例健康者,2组受试者均进行临床数据和MRI数据采集,获得DTI数据和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton Anxiety Scale,HAMA)评分,创伤组的数据采集在经历交通事故后1周内进行。采用基于纤维束示踪的空间统计方法(tract-based spatial statistics,TBSS)分析两组间脑白质各向异性分数(fractional anisotropy,FA)的差异,继而比较FA有差异脑区的径向弥散系数(radical diffusivity,RD)和轴向弥散系数(axial diffusivity,AD)的差异,结果进行多重比较校正,并分析上述指标与HAMA评分的相关性。结果创伤组左侧外囊、内囊后肢、上纵束和丘脑后辐射的FA值与对照组的差异均有统计学意义,P值均<0.05;这些脑区的RD值两组间差异有统计学意义,P值均<0.05;AD值差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。相关性分析显示左侧丘脑后辐射的FA值与HAMA评分呈负相关(r=-0.40,P=0.03)。结论急性精神创伤后早期即可出现脑白质微结构的改变,可能影响了创伤后的情绪调节,进一步说明创伤后早期干预的必要性。

Regional brain structural abnormality in ischemic stroke patients:a voxel-based morphometry study

Our previous study used regional homogeneity analysis and found that activity in some brain areas of patients with ischemic stroke changed significantly. In the current study, we examined structural changes in these brain regions by taking structural magnetic resonance imaging scans of 11 ischemic stroke patients and 15 healthy participants, and analyzing the data using voxel-based morphometry. Compared with healthy participants, patients exhibited higher gray matter density in the left inferior occipital gyrus and right anterior white matter tract. In contrast, gray matter density in the right cerebellum, left precentral gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and left middle temporal gyrus was less in ischemic stroke patients. The changes of gray matter density in the middle frontal gyrus were negatively associated with the clin- ical rating scales of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment （r = -0.609, P = 0.047） and the left middle temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with the clinical rating scales of the nervous functional deficiency scale （r = -0.737, P = 0.010）. Our findings call objectively identify the functional abnormality in some brain regions of ischemic stroke patients.

Regional gray matter atrophy and neuropsychologcal problems in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

In multiple sclerosis, gray matter atrophy is extensive, and cognitive deficits and mood disorders are frequently encountered. It has been conjectured that focal atrophy is associated with emotional decline. However, conventional MRI has revealed that the pathological characteristics cannot fully account for the mood disorders. Moreover, there is no correlation between cognitive disorders and MRI results in clinically isolated syndromes or in cases of definite multiple sclerosis. In this casecontrol study, voxel-based morphometric analysis was performed on 11 subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, and the results show that these patients exhibit gray matter atrophy. Moreover, the gray matter atrophy in the superior and middle gyri of the right frontal lobe in patients with multiple sclerosis was correlated with scores from the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. The scores obtained with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status were associated with gray matter atrophy in the middle gyrus of the left frontal lobe, the superior and middle gyrus of the right frontal lobe, the middle gyrus of the left cingulate, the superior and middle gyri of the left frontal lobe, and the triangular area of the left frontal lobe. However, there was no statistical significance. These findings suggest that the cingulate and frontal cortices of the dominant hemisphere are the most severely atrophic regions of the brain, and this atrophy is correlated with cognitive decline and emotional abnormalities.

青少年首发未治疗抑郁症患者脑灰质体积改变

目的采用基于体素的形态学测量(VBM)观察青少年首发未治疗抑郁症患者脑灰质体积改变。方法纳入31例青少年首发未治疗抑郁症患者(抑郁症组)及与之相匹配的29名健康受试者(对照组),采集高分辨-T1WI;比较组间临床资料的差异,以VBM分析观察组间脑灰质体积的差异,采用偏相关分析评估抑郁症组上述脑区灰质体积改变与临床资料的相关性。结果抑郁症组17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)评分大于对照组(P<0.01)。相比对照组,抑郁症组左侧小脑后叶灰质体积缩小,左侧额叶中央前回、左侧额中回及右侧前扣带回灰质体积增大(簇水平P均<0.05,FWE校正)。抑郁症组左侧小脑后叶灰质体积与HAMD-17评分呈负相关(r=-0.276,P=0.039),左侧额叶中央前回、左侧额中回及右侧前扣带回灰质体积与HAMD-17评分均呈正相关(r=0.617、0.589、0.632,P均<0.01)。结论青少年首发未治疗抑郁症患者额叶、小脑及边缘系统存在灰质体积改变,且与病情严重程度有关。

Assessing gray matter volume in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder

Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder(iRBD) is often a precursor to neurodegenerative disease. However, voxel-based morphological studies evaluating structural abnormalities in the brains of iRBD patients are relatively rare. This study aimed to explore cerebral structural alterations using magnetic resonance imaging and to determine their association with clinical parameters in iRBD patients. Brain structural T1-weighted MRI scans were acquired from 19 polysomnogram-confirmed iRBD patients(male:female 16:3; mean age 66.6 ± 7.0 years) and 20 age-matched healthy controls(male:female 5:15; mean age 63.7 ± 5.9 years). Gray matter volume(GMV) data were analyzed based on Statistical Parametric Mapping 8, using a voxel-based morphometry method and two-sample t-test and multiple regression analysis. Compared with controls, iRBD patients had increased GMV in the middle temporal gyrus and cerebellar posterior lobe, but decreased GMV in the Rolandic operculum, postcentral gyrus, insular lobe, cingulate gyrus, precuneus, rectus gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus. iRBD duration was positively correlated with GMV in the precuneus, cuneus, superior parietal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, lingual gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and cerebellum posterior lobe. Furthermore, phasic chin electromyographic activity was positively correlated with GMV in the hippocampus, precuneus, fusiform gyrus, precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, cuneus, inferior parietal lobule, angular gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, paracentral lobule, and cerebellar posterior lobe. There were no significant negative correlations of brain GMV with disease duration or electromyographic activity in iRBD patients. These findings expand the spectrum of known gray matter modifications in iRBD patients and provide evidence of a correlation between brain dysfunction and clinical manifestations in such patients. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Huashan Hospital(approval No. KY2013-336) on January 6, 2014. This trial was registered in the ISRCTN registry(ISRCTN18238599).