Effects of slab geometry and obliquity on the interplate thermal regime associated with the subduction of three-dimensionally curved oceanic plates

We investigated the relationships among slab geometry, obliquity, and the thermal regime associated with the subduction of oceanic plates using a three-dimensional （3D） parallelepiped thermal convection model. Various models with convex and concave slab shapes were constructed in the numerical simu- lation, and the temperature and mantle flow distributions were calculated. The results revealed that when the slab dip angle increases, or the obliquity of subduction becomes steeper, the interplate tem- perature decreases remarkably. Cooler （warmer） zones on the plate interface were identified from the modeling where there was a larger （smaller） subduction angle. Consequently, the interplate temperature distribution is partly controlled by the true subduction angle （TSA）, which is a function of the slab dip angle and the obliquity of subduction. The rate of change of the interface temperature for the TSA was 10-50 ℃ （10°〈 TSA 〈 20°） at depths ranging from （TSA 10） × 5 km to 60 ＋ （TSA 10） × 5 km for a fiat slab after a subduction history of 7 Myrs. The along-arc slab curvature affects the variation in TSA. The slab radius also appeared to influence the radius of induced mantle flow.

Analysis and key control technologies to prevent spontaneous coal combustion occurring at a fully mechanized caving face with large obliquity in deep mines

In order to prevent spontaneous coal combustion occurring at a fully mechanized caving face with large obliquity in deep mines in China, we have analyzed the characteristics of spontaneous coal combustion and explain theoretically the factors affecting spontaneous coal combustion, such as rock bursts, high temperatures, high ventilation resistance, slow advancing speed and large obliquity mining. Key technologies to prevent spontaneous combustion occurring in sharply inclined seams in deep mines are pro- posed; these include pouring water, stopping leakage in upper and lower comers of the working face, choking off the goaf and cov- eting the coal. CO concentrations were controlled within two years to less than 15×10^-6 at the upper comer by applying these tech- nologies at the 1410 working face of the Huafeng coal mine. Our method has significant theoretical value and is of practical impor- tance in controlling spontaneous coal combustion occurring at a fully mechanized caving face with large obliquity in deep mines.

The IUGS/IAGC Task Group on Global Geochemical Baselines

The Task Group on Global Geochemical Baselines,operating under the auspices of both the International Union of Geological Sciences(IUGS) and the International Association of Geochemistry(IAGC),has the long-term goal of establishing a global geochemical database to document the concentration and distribution of chemical elements in the Earth's surface or near-surface environment.The database and accompanying element distribution maps represent a geochemical baseline against which future human-induced or natural changes to the chemistry of the land surface may be recognized and quantified.In order to accomplish this long-term goal,the activities of the Task Group include:(1) developing partnerships with countries conducting broad-scale geochemical mapping studies;(2) providing consultation and training in the form of workshops and short courses;(3) organizing periodic international symposia to foster communication among the geochemical mapping community;(4) developing criteria for certifying those projects whose data are acceptable in a global geochemical database;(5) acting as a repository for data collected by those projects meeting the criteria for standardization;(6) preparing complete metadata for the certified projects;and(7) preparing,ultimately,a global geochemical database.This paper summarizes the history and accomplishments of the Task Group since its first predecessor project was established in 1988.

Subtracting Technique of Baselines for Capillary Electrophoresis Signals

The drifting baselines of capillary electrophoresis affect the veracity of analysis greatly. This paper presents Threshold Fitting Technique(TFT) so as to subtract the baselines from the original signals and emendate the signals. In TFT, wavelet and curve fitting technique are applied synthetically, thresholds are decided by the computer automatically. Many experiments of signal processing indicate that TFT is simple for being used, there are few man-induced factors, and the results are satisfactory. TFT can be applied for noisy signals without any pre-processing.

基于改进Simple Baselines的人体姿态估计算法

人体姿态估计在很多领域有着十分广泛的应用。为了提高人体姿态估计准确率,提出一种基于Simple Baselines的人体姿态估计算法。首先,将Simple Baselines的特征提取网络ResNet152替换为FastHand算法中的特征提取网络,提高模型检测准确率。其次,引进姿态修正机以提高模型对人体关节点定位准确率。实验结果表明,在COCO test-dev上,模型达到75.8%的AP,相较于Simple Baselines,AP提高2.1%。

基于ESI中全球论文影响力基准值(Baselines)的科研论文奖励政策分析

ESI(Essential Science Indicators,基本科学指标数据库)是现阶段较为认可的评价高等学校、科研机构、国家或地区的科研水平及国际学术影响力的评价分析工具,ESI数据库是基于SCIE/SSCI所收录的10,000多种学术期刊及上千万条文献记录而建立的计量分析数据库。现阶段,各研究机构针对ESI推出的奖励办法基本只单纯涉及了论文的引用次数奖励,但忽视了ESI中不同学科之间的差异。本文提出的基于ESI中全球论文影响力基准值(Baselines)的科研论文奖励思想,可以有效避免不同ESI学科之间论文引用次数存在较大差异的现象。

Gyrokinetic simulations of the kinetic electron effects on the electrostatic instabilities on the ITER baseline scenario

The linear and nonlinear simulations are carried out using the gyrokinetic code NLT for the electrostatic instabilities in the core region of a deuterium plasma based on the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER)baseline scenario.The kinetic electron effects on the linear frequency and nonlinear transport are studied by adopting the adiabatic electron model and the fully drift-kinetic electron model in the NLT code,respectively.The linear simulations focus on the dependence of linear frequency on the plasma parameters,such as the ion and electron temperature gradientsκ_(Ti,e)≡R=L_(Ti,e),the density gradientκ_(n)≡R/L_(n)and the ion-electron temperature ratioτ=T_(e)=T_(i).Here,is the major radius,and T_(e)and T_(i)denote the electron and ion temperatures,respectively.L_(A)=-(δ_(r)lnA)^(-1)is the gradient scale length,with denoting the density,the ion and electron temperatures,respectively.In the kinetic electron model,the ion temperature gradient(ITG)instability and the trapped electron mode(TEM)dominate in the small and large k_(θ)region,respectively,wherek_(θ)is the poloidal wavenumber.The TEMdominant region becomes wider by increasing(decreasing)κ_(T_(e))(κ_(T_(i)))or by decreasingκ_(n).For the nominal parameters of the ITER baseline scenario,the maximum growth rate of dominant ITG instability in the kinetic electron model is about three times larger than that in the adiabatic electron model.The normalized linear frequency depends on the value ofτ,rather than the value of T_(e)or T_(i),in both the adiabatic and kinetic electron models.The nonlinear simulation results show that the ion heat diffusivity in the kinetic electron model is quite a lot larger than that in the adiabatic electron model,the radial structure is finer and the time oscillation is more rapid.In addition,the magnitude of the fluctuated potential at the saturated stage peaks in the ITGdominated region,and contributions from the TEM(dominating in the higher k_(θ)region)to the nonlinear transport can be neglected.In the adiabatic electron model,the zonal radial electric field is found to be mainly driven by the turbulent energy flux,and the contribution of turbulent poloidal Reynolds stress is quite small due to the toroidal shielding effect.However,in the kinetic electron model,the turbulent energy flux is not strong enough to drive the zonal radial electric field in the nonlinear saturated stage.The kinetic electron effects on the mechanism of the turbulence-driven zonal radial electric field should be further investigated.

Mean nocturnal baseline impedance in gastro-esophageal reflux disease diagnosis:Should we strictly follow the Lyon 2 Consensus?

Clinical practice guidelines drive clinical practice and clinicians rely to them when trying to answer their most common questions.One of the most important position papers in the field of gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GERD)is the one produced by the Lyon Consensus.Recently an updated second version has been released.Mean nocturnal baseline impedance(MNBI)was proposed by the first Consensus to act as supportive evidence for GERD diagnosis.Originally a cut-off of 2292 Ohms was proposed,a value revised in the second edition.The updated Consensus recommended that an MNBI<1500 Ohms strongly suggests GERD while a value>2500 Ohms can be used to refute GERD.The proposed cut-offs move in the correct direction by diminishing the original cut-off,nevertheless they arise from a study of normal subjects where cut-offs were provided by measuring the mean value±2SD and not in symptomatic patients.However,data exist that even symptomatic patients with inconclusive disease or reflux hypersensitivity(RH)show lower MNBI values in comparison to normal subjects or patients with functional heartburn(FH).Moreover,according to the data,MNBI,even among symptomatic patients,is affected by age and body mass index.Also,various studies have proposed different cut-offs by using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis even lower than the one proposed.Finally,no information is given for patients submitted to on-proton pump inhibitors pH-impedance studies even if new and extremely important data now exist.Therefore,even if MNBI is an extremely important tool when trying to approach patients with reflux symptoms and could distinguish conclusive GERD from RH or FH,its values should be interpreted with caution.

A novel solution of rectangular composite laminates under oblique low-velocity impacts

An analytical solution for the responses of composite laminates under oblique low-velocity impacts is presented for a cross-ply,orthotropic,and rectangular plate under oblique low-velocity impacts.The plate is under simply-supported edge conditions,and the dynamic displacement field is expressed in a mixed form by in-plane double Fourier series and cubic polynomials through the thickness as 12 variables for each layer.A system of modified Lagrange equations is derived with all interface constraints.The Hertz and Cattaneo-Mindlin theories are used to solve for the normal and tangential contact forces during the impacts.By further discretizing in the time domain,the oblique impact problem is solved iteratively.While the numerical results clearly show the influence of impact velocity,stacking sequence,mechanical parameters,and geometric parameters,the proposed analytical approach could serve as a theoretical basis for the laminate analysis and design when it is under low-velocity impacts.

Application of oblique photogrammetry technique in geological hazard identification and decision management

With the continuous development of the oblique photography technique, it has been used more and more widely in the field of geological disasters. It can quickly obtain the three-dimensional(3D) real scene model of dangerous mountainous areas under the premise of ensuring the safety of personnel while restoring the real geographic information as much as possible. However, geological disaster areas are often accompanied by many adverse factors such as cliffs and dense vegetation. Based on this, the paper introduced the flight line design of oblique photogrammetry, analyzed the multi-platform data fusion processing, studied the multi-period data dynamic evaluation technology and proposed the application methods of data acquisition, early warning, disaster assessment and decision management suitable for geological disaster identification through the analysis of actual cases, which will help geologists to plan and control geological work more scientifically and rationally, improve work efficiency and reduce the potential personnel safety hazards in the process of geological survey, to offer technical support to the application of oblique photogrammetry in geological disaster identification and decision making and provide the scientific basis for personal and property safety protection and later-stage geological disaster management in disaster areas.

Long-term effects of main-body's obliquity on satellite formation perturbed by third-body gravity in elliptical and inclined orbit

A new non-simplified model of formation flying is derived in the presence of an oblate main- body and third-body perturbation. In the proposed model, considering the perturbation of the third- body in an inclined orbit, the effect of obliquity （axial tilt） of the main-body is becoming important and has been propounded in the absolute motion of a reference satellite and the relative motion of a follower satellite. From a new point of view, J2 perturbed relative motion equations and considering a disturbing body in an elliptic inclined three dimensional orbit, are derived using Lagrangian mechanics based on accurate introduced perturbed reference satellite motion. To validate the accuracy of the model presented in this study, an auxiliary model was constructed as the Main-body Center based Relative Motion （MCRM） model. Finally, the importance of the main-body＇s obliquity is demonstrated by several examples related to the Earth-Moon system in relative motion and lunar satellite formation keeping. The main-body＇s obliquity has a remarkable effect on formation keeping in the examined in-track and projected circular orbit （PCO） formations.

A New Result on Regular Designs under Baseline Parameterization

The study on designs for the baseline parameterization has aroused attention in recent years. This paper focuses on two-level regular designs for the baseline parameterization. A general result on the relationship between K-aberration and word length pattern is developed.

Exploring mechanism of hidden,steep obliquely inclined bedding landslides using a 3DEC model:A case study of the Shanyang landslide in Shaanxi Province,China

Catastrophic geological disasters frequently occur on slopes with obliquely inclined bedding structures(also referred to as obliquely inclined bedding slopes),where the apparent dip sliding is not readily visible.This phenomenon has become a focal point in landslide research.Yet,there is a lack of studies on the failure modes and mechanisms of hidden,steep obliquely inclined bedding slopes.This study investigated the Shanyang landslide in Shaanxi Province,China.Using field investigations,laboratory tests of geotechnical parameters,and the 3DEC software,this study developed a numerical model of the landslide to analyze the failure process of such slopes.The findings indicate that the Shanyang landslide primarily crept along a weak interlayer under the action of gravity.The landslide,initially following a dip angle with the support of a stable inclined rock mass,shifted direction under the influence of argillization in the weak interlayer,moving towards the apparent dip angle.The slide resistance effect of the karstic dissolution zone was increasingly significant during this process,with lateral friction being the primary resistance force.A reduction in the lateral friction due to karstic dissolution made the apparent dip sliding characteristics of the Shanyang landslide more pronounced.Notably,deformations such as bending and uplift at the slope’s foot suggest that the main slide resistance shifts from lateral friction within the karstic dissolution zone to the slope foot’s resistance force,leading to the eventual buckling failure of the landslide.This study unveils a novel failure mode of apparent dip creep-buckling in the Shanyang landslide,highlighting the critical role of lateral friction from the karstic dissolution zone in its failure mechanism.These insights offer a valuable reference for mitigating risks and preventing disasters related to obliquely inclined bedding landslides.

Factors that influence the results of indirect decompression employing oblique lumbar interbody fusion

BACKGROUND Indirect decompression is one of the potential benefits of anterior reconstruction in patients with spinal stenosis.On the other hand,the reported rate of revision surgery after indirect decompression highlights the necessity of working out prediction models for the radiographic results of indirect decompression with assessing their clinical relevance.AIM To assess factors that influence radiographic and clinical results of the indirect decompression in patients with stenosis of the lumbar spine.METHODS This study is a single-center cross-sectional evaluation of 80 consecutive patients(17 males and 63 females)with lumbar spinal stenosis combined with the instability of the lumbar spinal segment.Patients underwent single level or bisegmental spinal instrumentation employing oblique lumbar interbody fusion(OLIF)with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation.Radiographic results of the indirect decompression were assessed using computerized tomography,while MacNab scale was used to assess clinical results.RESULTS After indirect decompression employing anterior reconstruction using OLIF,the statistically significant increase in the disc space height,vertebral canal square,right and left lateral canal depth were detected(Р<0.0001).The median(M)relative vertebral canal square increase came toМ=24.5%with 25%-75%quartile border(16.3%;33.3%)if indirect decompression was achieved by restoration of the segment height.In patients with the reduction of the upper vertebrae slip,the median of the relative increase in vertebral canal square accounted for 49.5%with 25%-75%quartile border(2.35;99.75).Six out of 80 patients(7.5%)presented with unsatisfactory results because of residual nerve root compression.The critical values for lateral recess depth and vertebral canal square that were associated with indirect decompression failure were 3 mm and 80 mm2 respectively.CONCLUSION Indirect decompression employing anterior reconstruction is achieved by the increase in disc height along the posterior boarder and reduction of the slipped vertebrae in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis.Vertebral canal square below 80 mm2 and lateral recess depth less than 3 mm are associated with indirect decompression failures that require direct microsurgical decompression.

基于临床基线特征与颈动脉超声参数构建脑卒中高危人群颈动脉易损斑块模型

背景:研究表明,颈动脉斑块的易损性和弹性与斑块内新生血管的存在及形成程度有关。超声作为筛查和评价颈动脉易损斑块的首选检查手段,具有无创、操作便捷、可重复性高和无辐射等的特点。目的:基于临床基线特征与颈动脉超声参数,探讨脑卒中高危人群颈动脉易损斑块的影响因素,基于独立危险因素构建并验证风险列线图(Nomogram)预测模型。方法:回顾性选取2021年11月到2023年11月于抚州市第一人民医院行脑卒中筛查确定为脑卒中高危人群的180例患者作为研究对象,将180例患者按7∶3比例分为建模集(n=126)和验证集(n=54),根据颈动脉超声检查结果将建模集研究对象分为易损斑块组(n=54)和非易损斑块组(n=72)。通过多因素Logistic回归得出独立危险因素,构建Nomogram模型,并使用R语言绘制决策曲线以评估模型的临床效益。采用受试者工作特征曲线和校准曲线检验模型的预测效能,同时分析验证集的病例数据进行外部验证。结果与结论:①多因素Logistic回归结果显示,年龄、脑卒中家族史、颈动脉斑块最大厚度值、颈动脉斑块数量、尿微量白蛋白和尿微量白蛋白/肌酐均与脑卒中高危人群颈动脉易损斑块有关(P<0.05)。②构建的Nomogram模型受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.917,灵敏度和特异度分别为79.6%和91.7%;决策曲线结果显示,该模型的潜在临床获益可观,可用性较高;校准曲线结果提示,模型具备较好的预测准确性;验证集结果显示,模型的外部预测性能良好。③结果说明,脑卒中高危人群颈动脉易损斑块受年龄、脑卒中家族史、颈动脉斑块最大厚度值等因素影响,基于各独立危险因素构建的风险Nomogram预测模型的预测性能良好,可为临床上治疗此类高危人群提供有力的参考依据。

Control Effect of Botanical Pesticides against Ectropis oblique hmpulina and Empoasca pirisuga in Tea Plantation

[ Objective ] The paper was to study the effects of several botanical pesticides against two pests in tea plantation. [ Method] Using randomized block de- sign, different concentrations of botanical pesticides were sprayed during the young larvae periods of Ectropis oblique hmpulina Wehrli and peak periods of Empoasca pirisuga, the reduction rate of population and control effects were investigated after spraying for 1,3,7 and 10 d. [ Result] 5% rotenone EC 800 times had the best control effect against E. oblique hmpulina, and 0.5% veratridine soluble liquid 800 times had the best control effect against E. pirisuga. 0. 5% veratridine soluble liquid, 0.2% celangulin EC, 0.3% matrine water agent and 7.5% rotenone EC could be selected as the pesticides for the control of E. oblique hmpulina; 0. 5% veratridine soluble liquid, 0. 2% celangulin EC, 0.3% azadirachtin EC, 0.3% matrine water agent and 7.5% rotenone EC could be selected as the pesticides for the control of E. pirisuga, of which 0. 3% azadiraehtin EC 600 times showed the best durable effect against E. pirisuga with control effect of 100% after spraying for 7 d. [ Conclusion] The results provided basis for application of botanical pesticides in pests control in tea plantation.

Acoustic evaluation of cementing quality using obliquely incident ultrasonic signals

Ultrasonic cement bond logging is a widely used method for evaluating cementing quality. Conventional ultrasonic cement bond logging uses vertical incidence and cannot accurately evaluate lightweight cement bonding. Oblique incidence is a new technology for evaluating cement quality with improved accuracy for lightweight cements. In this study, we simulated models of acoustic impedance of cement and cementing quality using ultrasonic oblique incidence, and we obtained the relation between cementing quality, acoustic impedance of cement, and the acoustic attenuation coeffi cient of the A0-mode and S0-mode Lamb waves. Then, we simulated models of different cement thickness and we obtained the relation between cement thickness and the time difference of the arrival between the A0 and A0′ modes.

Baseline Sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea from Liaoning Province to Boscalid

[Objective] This study aimed to avoid and delay the generation of resis- tance in Botrytis cinerea to boscalid. [Method] The sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea to boscalid was tested by the mycelial growth rate method. The distribution of sensitivity variation of B. cinerea to boscalid in different regions was cleared, and the sen- sitivity baseline of B. cinerea from Liaoning Province to boscalid was established. [Result] The ECso values of B. cinerea strains from Liaoning Province ranged from 0.080 0 to 7.787 2μg/ml, and the highest ECho value was 97.34 times higher than the minimum. The average EC50 value （1.973μg/ml） of the 158 strains was treated as the baseline sensitivity of B. cinerea from Liaoning Province to boscalid. [Conclu- sion] It is essential to conduct a risk assessment of drug resistance in B. cinerea to boscalid.

Microstructural evolution of 2519-T87 aluminum alloy obliquely impacted by projectile with velocity of 816 m/s

Target made of 2519-T87 aluminum alloy was obliquely impacted by a projectile. Microstructural evolution around the crater was investigated by optical microscopy （OM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and electron backscattered diffraction （EBSD）. The micro-hardness distribution near the crater after impact was studied. The results indicate that at the entering stage, the amount of adiabatic shear band （ASB） is the most, and the precipitates are as fine as those of the target material; the micro-hardness is higher than that at the other stages. At the stable-running stage, the amount of ASB reduces as the micro-bands increase; the precipitates tend to coarsen, which leads to the decrease of the micro-hardness. At the leaving stage, there is a large amount of micro-bands; the precipitates are refined, and the micro-hardness is higher than that at the stable-running stage. The difference in the micro-hardness of the impact stages is due to work hardening and precipitate coarsening, which is caused by adiabatic temperature rise in the alloy.