On the Experience, Problems in Science and Technology Services of Basic Scientific Research Institutes and Suggestions——Taking Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Hilly Areas of Jiangsu as an Example

Taking the Jiangsu Province as Zhenjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Hilly Areas of an example, the paper elaborated the advanced practices of agricultural research institutes in agricultural science and technology services and analyzed the difficulties and solutions in the services. process of science and technologyservices.

Application and Regulation of Legal Science and Technology on the Pilot Program of the Reform of Separation between Complicated Cases and Simple Ones in Civil Procedure in the Basic People’s Courts

Blockchain,artificial intelligence,and other technologies have been increasingly integrated with the law,and the construction of smart justice and Internet courts in various places has a prominent effect on court informatization.The Supreme People’s Court is currently carrying out the pilot reform of separation between complicated and simple cases in civil procedure,and legal technology will inevitably become a major means to enable the reform.In the field of electronic litigation,legal technology itself has become a goal of the reform.Regarding the trials of pilot basic courts,legal technology has been more deeply applied in many links such as trial activities and trial management,playing an essential role in improving judicial efficiency,and becoming an important way to solve judicial dilemmas such as“litigation explosion.”However,the history of modern society reminds us that we should be reasonably optimistic about the development of technology,especially in the field of justice.

Velocity Correction and Measurement Uncertainty Analysis of Light Screen Velocity Measuring Method

Light screen velocity measuring method with unique advantages has been widely used in the velocity measurement of various moving bodies.For large air resistance and friction force which the big moving bodies are subjected to during the light screen velocity measuring,the principle of velocity correction was proposed and a velocity correction equation was derived.A light screen velocity measuring method was used to measure the velocity of big moving bodies which have complex velocity attenuation,and the better results were gained in practical tests.The measuring uncertainty after the velocity correction was calculated.

Japanese Science and Technology Basic Plan: A Perspective of Policy Process

The Japanese government formulates the Science and Technology Basic Plan every five years based on the Science and Technology Basic Law, and indicates the future direction of Japan’s science and technology. This paper describes its history, significance, and decision process of this Science and Technology Basic Plan. Then this paper describes the characteristics of the previous five plans, contributions to Japanese science and technological activities, and its challenges for the future. In the formulation of the Science and Technology Basic Plan, the role of the Council for Science and Technology Policy has been significant. However, after establishing Shinzo Abe administration, the inclination to global innovation has been emphasized in Japan as well, the Council for Science and Technology Policy was renamed the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation, and the midterm and annual strategies centered on innovation have also been prepared. This paper described these movements.Japan suffers from population decline and the increase in governmental deficits, and there is also a tendency towards weakness in science and technology innovation. To formulate more suitable science and technology basic plans will revitalize and strengthen Japan’s science and technology innovation.

Strand空间中基于安全密钥概念的证明思路

提出了Strand空间模型中证明安全协议的一个新思路,它从安全密钥的概念出发,参照基于理想概念的证明方法,得出证明所需的预备结论,从而对协议的秘密属性与认证属性进行证明。此外,还给出了一个针对Yahalom-BAN协议安全性的证明实例,从中可以看到该思路非常适于采用对称加密体制且具有密钥分发功能的三方认证协议的证明,并且它还使得证明过程简洁而直观。

Highlights of Recent Scientific Earthquake Hazard Mitigation

Earthquakes are a serious natural disaster faced by countries all over the world. Research on earthquake hazard mitigation are important parts of earthquake science and is a feature of Chinas development of earthquake science. In recent years,the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of the Peoples Republic of China,the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the China Earthquake Administration (CEA) have attached great importance to basic research on earthquake hazard mitigation,and new opportunities and challenges have emerged. This paper collects the applications and approvals of the National Key R&D Program and the NSFC projects undertaken by the research institutes of the CEA system in recent years. The CEA system has received funding in the 13th "Five-year Plan" for "Monitoring,Early Warning and Prevention of Major Natural Disaster". The implementation of these projects is expected to provide support for the basic science and applied research of the CEA system. In the NSFC,the number of applications from the CEA system is relatively stable,and the funding rate is slightly higher than the average for the department of earth science. Although no detailed statistical analysis has been performed,the CEA system still has room for improvement in the application of talent and major programs. I hope that the brief review of new opportunities that have arose in recent years described in this article can provide some background and new thinking for future challenges.

Circadian fluctuations in three types of sensory modules in healthy subjects

This study was designed to observe and compare the circadian fluctuations in tactile sense, joint reposition sense and two-point discrimination in healthy subjects. Twenty-one healthy adult subjects received perceptual ability tests through these three different sensory modules at approximately 9：00, 13：00 and 18：00 in a day. The distribution of ranking for perceptual ability was significantly different among the three different time points in each individual, with highest perceptual ability in the evening compared with noon and morning, in terms of tactile sense and two-point discrimination. These findings suggest that the perceptual ability of healthy subjects fluctuates according to the time points in a day.

新世纪以来我国铀矿地质科技创新重要进展及展望

新世纪以来,我国铀矿地质勘查领域重大理论和技术创新成果,极大地改变了我国砂岩型、热液型铀矿的找矿思路、找矿方向,引领、支撑了系列找矿重大突破,重塑了铀矿勘查新格局。文章首先分析了我国20余年来铀矿地质科研布局的总体思路与演进方向;然后总结了铀矿重大基础地质与成矿理论研究进展,系统凝练了地质、物化探、遥感、钻探工艺、分析测试等领域的技术创新及核心勘查装备研制成果,梳理了铀资源预测评价技术研究进展及应用成效;最后,在重大基础前沿和成矿理论、先进铀矿勘查技术研发、非常规核能裂变资源勘查技术研究、数字铀矿勘查技术开发等方面提出了未来10~15年主要发展趋势和方向,指出在“双碳”目标和核能大发展对铀资源保障需求背景下,必须继续坚持并加强铀矿地质科技创新,高质量引领和推动“新区、新层位、新类型、新深度”找矿突破。

The Application of Erosive Burning to Propellant Charge Interior Ballistics

Erosive burning is a common burning phenomenon of the gunpowder with inner holes.The actual combustion law of the gunpowder with inner holes can be changed by erosive burning.Pressure difference between the inner and the outer of hole caused by loading density variation of the propellant charge makes erosive burning occur at inner holes during in-bore burning.The effect of erosive burning on burning speed of the propellant is studied by using the effects of flow rate,heat transfer and erosion of the combustion gas in inner holes on burning rate.The mathematic model of erosive burning of the propellant is established.The effects of the factors such as loading density,inner hole size and grain length on erosive burning and interior ballistic performance are analyzed.The method to improve the bore pressure for small charge mass and small firing range by erosive burning is proposed.

典型有机磷阻燃剂对蓝藻的Hormesis效应及机制探究

为探究有机磷阻燃剂(Organophosphate Flame Retardants,OPFRs)对蓝藻的毒性效应,以铜绿微囊藻为蓝藻受试模型,测定典型OPFRs{烷基OPFRs磷酸三乙酯(Triethyl Phosphate,TEP)和氯代OPFRs磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯[Tris(2-Chloroethyl)Phosphate,TCEP]}对蓝藻生长及光合色素、氧化应激、细胞膜疏水性等相关生理指标的影响。结果显示,TEP与TCEP均对铜绿微囊藻的生长产生了低质量浓度促进、高质量浓度抑制的Hormesis效应,促进生长的质量浓度分别为6.80×10^(-4)~1.53×10^(-1)mg/L和5.87×10^(-5)~1.54×10^(-1)mg/L。相关生理指标变化显示,低质量浓度OPFRs通过提高光合色素的合成及调控活性氧的适当增加可刺激蓝藻增殖;相反,高质量浓度OPFRs则阻碍光合作用,对藻细胞产生氧化胁迫,进而改变细胞膜疏水性致使细胞膜受损,最终导致蓝藻大量死亡。研究结果表明,OPFRs能引发蓝藻生长的Hormesis效应,且氯代OPFRs比烷基OPFRs具有更明显的生物效应,在一定暴露质量浓度内具有促进蓝藻水华形成的潜在环境风险。研究可为OPFRs水生毒性和相应的环境风险评价提供数据基础和理论依据。

教育、科技、人才一体推进背景下高等教育对基础研究资助的新需求

基础研究是整个科学体系的源头,是所有技术问题的总机关,目前正在由快速增长转为高质量发展。在这个关键转折点上,国家自然科学基金作为我国基础研究主要的资助渠道,如何在教育、科技、人才的统一战略布局下优化资助,成为了首要关注的问题。在此背景下,本文依据党的二十大报告中“实施科教兴国战略,强化现代化建设人才支撑”的战略部署,深入阐述了新形势下基础研究资助面临的挑战,分析了国内外基础研究的发展动态和需求。通过调研,发现了我国在人才、学科教育、科研组织模式等方面的不足,总结了高等教育对于基础研究资助在学科建设、产学研一体化、人才培养等方面的新需求,并以南京大学为例进行了阐述说明,以期为国家自然科学基金的全面深化改革提供具体的建议和决策参考。

江西省农业绿色发展协同效应研究

探究江西省农业绿色发展水平的提升路径,可为农业绿色发展提供理论依据。以江西省为例,构建农业资源、生态环境和社会经济3个维度的协同发展关系,测度与评价2008—2020年江西省农业绿色发展水平现状,并通过系统动力学模型设计农业生产方式、农业科技创新、经济发展、消费习惯、政策支持5种策略下的7种情景模式对2021—2030年江西省农业绿色发展系统的影响。结果显示:在2008—2020年,江西省农业绿色发展水平先降后升,总体趋势向好,化肥农药零增长行动效果显著。在维持现有情景模式下,在2021—2030年江西省农业绿色发展水平能够进一步提升,7种情景模式均能有效促进江西省农业绿色发展水平。在各要素独立作用下,调减耕地复种指数、提高化肥利用率对江西省农业绿色发展水平的促进效果更为显著;与单要素发展相比,多要素协同发展对江西省农业绿色发展促进效果更大。为了使江西省农业绿色发展水平朝着有序方向发展,未来应构建区域多要素协同发展机制,实现农业生产生态生活全过程全方位绿色化。

新时代高校教育、科技、人才一体化布局与科学基金发展策略

在世界新一轮科技产业革命加速演进的背景下,教育、科技、人才“三位一体”统筹布局成为我国全面建设社会主义现代化国家的基础性和战略性支撑。高校是科技强国、人才强国、教育强国三大战略的交汇点,科学基金作为促进创新链—产业链—资金链—人才链—学科链深度融合的重要渠道和枢纽,在一体布局下面临新的要求和挑战。文章围绕如何“有力统筹教育、科技、人才工作”的关键问题,明确新时代高校在教育、科技、人才一体布局的定位、内涵和要求,挖掘教育优先、科技自强、人才引领的现实困境与发展前景,以期为科学基金发展提出有针对性的方案和建议。

土荆芥凋落物腐解液的化感效应及根边缘细胞的响应机制

为深入探讨入侵植物土荆芥(Chenopodium ambrosioides L.)的化感作用机制,以土荆芥入侵地广泛种植的农作物玉米(Zea mays L.)、大豆[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]、苦荞麦[Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn.]为受体,采用纯琼脂悬空气培养法和根边缘细胞(Root Border Cells,RBCs)移除试验,研究土荆芥凋落物腐解物对受体RBCs的作用,以及RBCs存在与否条件下对受体作物幼根长度、根冠果胶甲基酯酶(Pectinmethyl Esterase,PME)活性的影响,并用化感效应指数进行评价。结果显示:土荆芥茎和叶腐解液对3种受体植物幼根生长均具有抑制作用,其化感效应指数依次为苦荞麦(0.295)、大豆(0.239)、玉米(0.163),对本地种(苦荞麦、大豆)的化感效应大于外来种(玉米);叶腐解物的化感抑制作用普遍强于茎腐解物;腐解时间越短,腐解物化感抑制效应越强。3种作物的RBCs数量与PME活性均呈显著正相关,当处理时间延长或腐解天数减少时,高浓度处理组的PME活性减弱,RBCs数量下降,死亡率上升,根长变短;移除RBCs后,根生长受抑制程度加剧。其中,玉米和苦荞麦在去除RBCs及处理12 h时部分处理组的PME活性增加,RBCs数量与根长变化量呈极显著正相关。结果表明,在受到土荆芥腐解物化感胁迫早期,作物可通过应激反应增加PME合成提高其活性,并释放较多的RBCs以保护幼根生长。当胁迫超过一定阈值后PME合成减少,RBCs数量降低且死亡率增加,根的生长受到抑制,但大豆存在不同的响应机制。

高职制冷专业科教融汇的实践探索

科教融汇是职业教育发展的新方向。其核心在于如何“融”、怎样“汇”。顺德职业技术学院制冷与空调技术专业在多年政校企合作、产学研结合的实践基础上,初步形成了“产品价值链-人才培养链-技术平台链-创新价值链”四链贯通的科教融汇模式,将人才培养与技术创新有效链接,既实现了教学与科研的协同发展,也实现了专业与产业协同发展。

政府主导型科技基础条件资源融合发展:现状问题及监测体系

科技基础条件资源融合发展是实现高水平科技自立自强的重要保障。目前,我国由政府支持的重大科研基础设施、大型科研仪器、科学数据、生物种质与实验材料、国家野外站等五类科技基础条件资源发展及其开放共享取得了显著进展,但现有科技基础能力建设尚无法满足持续高水平基础研究的现实需要,现有科技基础条件资源的开放共享、融合发展均有待进一步提升。在界定科技基础条件资源融合发展内涵基础上,提出政府主导型科技基础条件资源融合发展的评价体系和分析框架。新时代对科技基础条件资源融合发展提出新的更高要求,应加强对现有科技基础条件资源融合发展状况的监测评估,掌握我国科技基础条件资源融合发展状况,为我国加强科技基础能力建设提供决策咨询和政策参考。

演化博弈视角下的AI决策与人类决策——探索可持续发展的新可能

随着环境压力的不断增大,探讨如何在促进可持续发展的同时促进经济增长变得十分迫切。在这种情况下,人工智能(Artificial Intelligence,AI)技术的突破性进展为促进可持续发展开辟了新路径。研究探讨了AI决策系统与人类决策系统在促进可持续发展中作为决策者的特点及其相互作用。通过采用演化博弈论框架并结合前景理论和心理账户理论,研究设计了一系列参数以模拟人类作为非理性决策者的行为。研究结果显示,AI在决策效率和逻辑推理方面表现优越,但人类在考虑道德和整体状况方面具有独特优势。此外,研究进一步探索了将AI与人类决策结合使用的协同潜力,发现企业使用AI决策配合政府的人类决策,比单独使用AI或人类决策时更有助于实现绿色协同发展。研究认为结合AI的技术优势和人类的洞察力,是有效应对环境挑战和推动可持续增长的关键。