The Application of MAPGIS in Basic Farmland Protection Plan Mapping

In this study,MAPGIS software was used in production of basic farmland protection plan maps based on the related practice of Jinkong town,Yanting County,Sichuan Province,China.It was proved that MAPGIS software could improve the efficiency of mapping greatly,and resolved technical problems in basic farmland protection plan mapping.

Basic Farmland Plan Based on Farmland Gradation

Taking B District in A City as an example, quality classification of basic farmland was evaluated based on farmland gradation. It can be concluded from the analysis that utilization grade of basic farmland in current round was 16.82 without consideration of farmland gradation updating, and the grade enhanced by 0.08, still lower by 0.11 than that in last round, when the updating was taken into account. Finally, the reasons for problems occurred in the round were analyzed as follows： less consideration of protection on basic farmland in orientation of urban development; neglecting of basic farmland quality in Overall Plan of Land Utilization; non-classification of excellent lands after land consolidation; untimely updating of farmland gradation. In addition, the countermeasures were proposed correpondingly, including strengthening of basic farmland quality in the Plan, classification of excellent lands after consolidation, timely updating and inclusion of farmland gradation into ＂one map＂ project.

Arrangement of High-standard Basic Farmland Construction Based on Village-region Cultivated Land Quality Uniformity

As an important constitute of land consolidation, high-standard basic farmland construction is an important means to protect the quantity, quality and ecological environment of cultivated land. Its target not only lies in the increase of cultivated land quantity, but also the improvement of cultivated land quality, agricultural production conditions and ecosystem environments. In the present study, the quality evaluation method and construction arrangement of cultivated land were explored to facilitate the process of decision-making and implementation for high-standard basic farmland construction(HSBFC) with administrative village as the unit. Taking the land comprehensive improvement project area in Quzhou County, Handan City, Hebei Province as a case study, the whole process of the study comprised of three steps: 1) establishment of the evaluation model of cultivated land quality uniformity based on regional optimum cultivated land quality, and construction of the uniformity evaluation index system from the aspects of soil fertility quality, engineering quality, spatial quality and eco-environment quality, according to the new concept of cultivated land quality; 2) calculation of cultivated land quality uniformity by grading indicators, assigning scores and weighting sums, exploring the local homogenization characteristics of regional cultivated land quality through spatial autocorrelation analysis, and analyzing the constraints and transformative potential of barrier factors; 3) arrangement of HSBFC according to the principle of concentration, continuity and priority to the easy operation. The results revealed that the value of farmland quality uniformity for the administrative villages in the study area was between 7.76 and 21.96, and there was a difference between various administrative villages. The regional spatial autocorrelation patterns included High-High(HH), Low-Low(LL), High-Low(HL) and Low-High(LH). These indicate that regional cultivated land quality has local homogenization characteristics. The most restrictive factors in the study area were the medium and low transformation difficulty indexes, including soil organic matter content, farmland shelterbelt network density, field regularity and scale of the field. In addition, there were also high transformation difficulty indicators in some areas, such as sectional configuration. The project area was divided into four partitions: major construction area, secondary construction area, general construction area, and conditional construction area. The cultivated land area of each subarea was 1538.85 ha, 1224.27 ha, 555.93 ha, and 1666.63 ha, respectively. This comprised of 30.87%, 24.56%, 11.15% and 33.42% of the total project area, respectively. The evaluation model and index system could satisfy the evaluation of farmland quality and diagnosis of obstacle factors to facilitate the subsequent construction decision. The present study provides reference for the practice of regional HSBFC, and a new feasible idea and method for related studies.

Study of Basic Farmland Protection in Huainan City

Farmland is the primary resource for food production,related to food security and people's livelihood.The basic farmland is the essence of farmland,and it is necessary to improve the quality of farmland and strengthen the basic farmland protection in order to enhance comprehensive agricultural production capacity.Currently,the contradiction between urban development and farmland protection has been inevitable,and Huainan City is now in the period of rapid development of urbanization.How to better solve the contradiction between urbanization and farmland protection to promote sound and rapid economic development,is an important issue currently facing Huainan City.

Sample investigation and evaluation of the water quality in aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in Foshan city

To investigate the water quality of sampling in aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in the five districts of Foshan city, and use the environmental pollution index to evaluate the condition of water quality. The results indicated that water temperature and pH of aquaculture ponds cound meet the requirements of fish normal growth,and dissolved oxygen was rich, but the water quality was over fertilized generally. In 20 investigation spots of the five districts, the content of CODCr, NH4^＋-N and TP exceeded 90%, 30% and 85% respectively. The pollution degrees of the water quality from high to low in aquaculture ponds were Chancheng district,Nanhai district, Sanshui district, Shunde district, Gaoming district. The comprehensive quality index of aquaculture ponds was 1.44 in Foshan city, the water quality was polluted severly as a whole. The share rate of pollution load of TP was the highest, the second were CODCr and NH4^＋-N. On the whole, the pollution of organic matter was very prominent in the water quality of aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in Foshan city that had been eutrophicated.

基于耦合协调度模型的永久基本农田优化调整方法研究——以鹤壁市淇滨区为例

永久基本农田的优化调整对于实现耕地保护、土地集约利用和保障国家粮食安全具有重大意义。目的 为了对永久基本农田进行优化调整,方法 以鹤壁市淇滨区为研究对象,从耕地综合质量与耕地景观生态安全双重视角出发,提出一种基于耕地综合质量与景观生态安全的耦合协调度模型,依据评价单元耕地的耦合协调度等级,对耕地综合质量进行评价。结果 结果表明,通过耕地景观生态安全对永久基本农田稳定性的约束作用,进一步确保了永久基本农田生产功能稳定发挥,优化了国土空间格局;耦合协调度水平较高区域主要分布在开发区、大赉店镇、示范区和钜桥镇,空间上呈西低东高的分布格局,应优先考虑将东部耕地调整为永久基本农田;基于划定规则约束条件对耦合协调度模型初步划定结果进行优化调整,将研究区永久基本农田划定区域分为保留区(6 387.35 hm^(2))、可调入区(5 473.07 hm^(2))、调出区(804.77hm^(2))和不适宜调入区(988.12 hm^(2))。结论 研究方法避免了永久基本农田划定过程中只考虑耕地质量这一因素带来的不利影响,充分考虑耕地质量、景观生态安全对农田生产稳定性的约束作用,统筹考虑了生态保护与农田空间布局需求,提高了永久基本农田优化调整的合理性和科学性。

永久基本农田全部建成高标准农田的实现路径研究

逐步把永久基本农田全部建成高标准农田是党中央、国务院根据国际国内形势变化和我国国情农情作出的重大战略部署。我国推进永久基本农田全部建成高标准农田的工作,面临建设任务重与推进难度大、建设成本不断提高与财政投入不足、已建设农田标准低与改造难度大、土地承包权分散与建设要求统一集中、重视建设数量与缺乏建后管护、高标准农田建设社会效益高与经济效益低等现实问题。需从加强组织和规划、大力拓展筹资渠道、采取建改并举方针、完善管护机制、整合土地经营权、丰富土地利用方式等方面寻求破解路径,并基于更加合理地划定永久基本农田、做好高标准农田的统筹规划、因地制宜分类施策建设高标准农田、严格执行高标准农田建设标准、将满足宜机化作业改造置于高标准农田建设首位等维度对永久基本农田全部建成高标准农田进行深层思考。

多传感器无人机遥测技术在高标准农田建设中的应用

为了及时、准确地为高标准农田建设提供基础图件和空间信息,本文提出了一种基于免像控无人机航摄、机载激光雷达及无人船单波速等测量技术,获取测区的高清影像、密集点云、水下数据的方法,进而对多传感器数据进行融合处理,生产加工二三维数字测绘产品。以河南省某县A镇高标准农田综合整治项目为研究对象,利用该方法制作的二维图件和三维模型在该项目的规划设计、施工监测、竣工验收和运维管理等环节得到了综合应用,效果明显。本文探讨了基于多传感器无人机遥测技术在农业生态、环境应用方面存在的不足,提出了今后进一步的研究方向。

耦合耕地综合质量和空间连通性的基本农田划定研究

保护集中连片的优质耕地对于保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。本文以江西省兴国县为例,从耕地的自然质量、立地条件、生态条件3个层面系统构建耕地综合质量评价指标体系;基于TOPSIS(Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution)综合评价法对耕地综合质量进行评价,引入耕地连片度、耕地空间连通格局分析了耕地空间集聚特征,综合耕地质量及其连通特征划定永久基本农田。结果表明:从耕地综合质量来看,兴国县耕地质量由高到低划分为4个质量等级,面积分别为6 204.95、16 031.72、19 321.79、3 573.76 hm^(2),占总耕地面积的13.75%、35.52%、42.81%、7.92%。总体来看,兴国县中等质量耕地居多,占比为78.33%。从耕地连通性来看,兴国县耕地连片程度由高到低划分为5个等级,其中一级~五级连片耕地面积分别为24 731.44、6 199.73、3 131.54、7 397.71、3 671.80 hm^(2),分别占耕地总面积的54.80%、13.73%、6.94%、16.39%、8.14%,耕地存在不同程度破碎化。将耕地质量三等以上、连片程度四级以上耕地划入基本农田,面积为37 029.62 hm^(2),占耕地总面积的82.05%,与原有划定基本农田相比,实现了划定后永久基本农田“总体稳定、布局优化、质量有提升”的目标。

枸杞种植用地发展对永久基本农田影响的风险模拟——以宁夏回族自治区中宁县为例

[目的]科学预测宁夏回族自治区中宁县枸杞种植用地扩张带来的影响,为该区未来农业空间布局及特色产业种植发展提供科学指导。[方法]以中宁县为研究区,基于2005-2021年国土调查数据,结合耕地“进出平衡”政策,设置有无永久基本农田保护两个约束情景,并利用斑块生成土地利用模拟模型(PLUS)模拟了2025和2035年中宁县土地利用变化,探究了未来枸杞种植用地对永久基本农田的占用情况。[结果]到2035年,在有无永久基本农田约束两种情景下枸杞种植用地面积分别增长了59.81%和98.48%,且新增的枸杞大多在原来枸杞用地的周围,鸣沙镇和大战场镇的新增枸杞用地最多;另外,研究显示,在无永久基本农田约束情景下,2025和2035年永久基本农田面积分别被侵占1100.00和2386.67 hm^(2),其中中宁县中北部地区的永久基本农田被枸杞用地侵占的风险最高。[结论]有必要加强对高风险镇区枸杞种植发展的监管,并合理地规划现有和未来的“非粮化”种植用地,以更好地协调研究区的经济发展和永久基本农田保护,促进区域可持续农业的发展。

土地资源管理中县级国土空间总体规划编制问题及对策

针对南华县国土空间总体规划中耕地“非农化”“非粮化”、用地布局缺乏科学性等问题,通过采取工程措施与调出补划相结合的方式,调整规划分区规则以及分类型、分区域布局新增建设用地等措施,使永久基本农田中的“非耕地”面积减少了149.02 hm^(2),农田保护区面积增加了9 607.35 hm^(2),城镇开发边界和村庄建设边界外的新增建设用地规模由6 044.02 hm^(2)下降到417.83 hm^(2)。

高标准农田建设的适宜性评价分析

本研究以永久基本农田图斑为研究对象,采用地块法、层次分析法(AHP)、地理信息系统技术(GIS)和加权求和评价模型,对其建设高标准农田的适宜性进行评价。结果表明,研究区永久基本农田面积55.71 km^(2),经扣除分析处理后总面积27.87 km^(2)。适宜建设高标准农田的面积占比99.7%,其中,Ⅰ级分区非常适宜开展高标准农田建设面积0.28 km^(2),占比1.0%;Ⅱ级分区较适宜建设面积4.01 km^(2),占比14.4%;Ⅲ级分区适宜建设面积为9.64 km^(2),占比34.6%;Ⅳ级分区建设适宜性一般面积13.86 km^(2),占比49.7%;Ⅴ级分区暂不适宜建设面积0.08 km^(2),占比0.3%。本文基于永久基本农田图斑的高标准农田建设适宜性评价,适宜性等级划分结果可在一定程度上为高标准农田建设项目选址和规划设计工作提供参考。

“准征收”视域下永久基本农田划定的补偿性证成

研究目的:探究永久基本农田划定行为的行政法性质,为国家耕地保护和农民财产性权益保障之间寻求可行的平衡方案。研究方法:理论分析、法律规范分析、案例分析。研究结果:(1)在现行行政行为理论框架下,国土空间规划和永久基本农田划定行为存在性质上的混同;(2)现有的准征收识别体系忽略了“征收补偿一体性”要求,存在一定的缺陷;(3)目前的耕地保护补贴不足以达到填补财产损失的目的。研究结论:准征收的识别应在“征收补偿一体性”的框架之下确立内、外部复合标准,永久基本农田划定是土地用途管制的典型表现,符合准征收的标准。为此,必须推动永久基本农田的发展性权益市场化,按市场标准对集体土地所有人和承包人予以实质性补偿。

永久基本农田监测体系及分区监管方法研究

文章在传统永久基本农田监测体系的基础上,探索构建了包括10个数量指标、11个质量指标、6个生态安全指标的常态化、定量化的“三位一体”监测体系,构建了动态化、数字化的识别永久基本农田不同分区的依据和原则,结合功能类型将永久基本农田划分为高、中、低三个风险等级的共9个监管区域,并提出了靶向化、差别化的分区监管策略。

广东省耕地保护经济补偿机制优化探讨

完善耕地保护经济补偿机制对于平衡相关主体的利益配置关系,增强耕地保护相关主体的动力,具有重要意义。文章在界定耕地保护经济补偿内涵和梳理省级耕地保护经济补偿机制构建要点的基础上,对广东省耕地保护经济补偿的补偿方式、实施效果及存在的不足进行了分析。结合以上分析,立足于广东省耕地保护实施管理需求,提出广东省耕地保护补偿机制优化建议:①在现有永久基本农田保护经济补偿制度基础上,建立耕地保护普惠性经济补偿制度;②建立基于义务共担的耕地保护义务代保经济补偿机制;③建立永久基本农田补划经济补偿制度和易地补划补偿机制;④建立耕地“进出平衡”跨区域调剂经济补偿机制;⑤衔接国家关于耕地保护与粮食安全责任制考核、田长制考核等考核制度,优化省级考核激励制度。

基于问题导向逐步推进永久基本农田全部建成高标准农田的思考

党的二十大报告明确要求,全方位夯实粮食安全根基,全面落实粮食安全党政同责,牢牢守住十八亿亩耕地红线,逐步把永久基本农田全部建成高标准农田。该文从永久基本农田与高标准农田的关系出发,结合广东省A地区高标准农田项目的建设现状,对项目建设存在的问题进行逐一梳理;基于问题导向,以"建设好、实施好、利用好、管护好"高标准农田为目标,从多个角度对逐步推进永久基本农田全部建成高标准农田展开具体讨论,以期为推进高标准农田建设工作提供相关指引。

补充耕地项目前期基础调查体系分析

补充耕地基础调查数据的可靠性和成果精度在一定程度上决定项目的科学性与可实施性。本文结合补充耕地项目前期基础调查体系构建的基本原则,分析补充耕地项目前期调查内容与方法,针对可行性研究和规划设计阶段的信息需求,构建补充耕地项目前期基础调查体系,以期为补充耕地项目标准化建设提供参考。

基于无人机遥感影像分析的基本农田土地环境质量监测方法

研究提出了一种基于无人机遥感影像分析的基本农田土地环境质量监测方法,即利用无人机技术采集基本农田土地图像,并建立土壤、植被、气候等因素的遥感反演模型。通过综合考虑多种指标,计算基本农田土地环境综合质量指数,实现对土地环境质量的动态监测。实验证明:此种方法具有较高的监测精度,能够准确评价土地环境质量并控制评价结果误差;为农田管理者提供了可靠的数据支持,促进农田可持续发展和环境保护。

PCCP管快速安装施工关键技术

进入21世纪以来,经国家推广与市场需求的正向反馈,PCCP管凭借其优良的抗压、抗渗、耐久等特点,在水利建设领域的应用不断增加,但在有限场地、不良地质、恶劣气候等多方面影响下,管道施工效率及安装质量受限。结合韩江榕江练江水系连通后续优化工程施工5标基本农田区PCCP管道施工,通过优化施工组织、变更支撑形式、改良安装工艺等方式,提高基本农田区PCCP管道安装效率及质量,总结相应施工技术。

基于农用地分等的基本农田保护空间规划方法研究

耕地中直接影响到粮食安全的是基本农田,实施耕地保护实质上就是实施基本农田保护。针对当前基本农田保护规划中存在的问题,以及本轮土地利用规划修编的特点和要求,考虑土地利用数据共享原则,对在基本农田保护规划中充分利用农用地分等成果进行了探讨,即在进行基本农田保护空间布局过程中,把农用地综合等作为一个重要因素加以考虑。在考虑粮食安全的基础上,再依据基本农田的内涵,建立了以基本农田保护规划决策模型为核心的技术方法。通过熵权系数法、理想点法与G IS技术的结合,基于M apbas ic编程并在M ap in fo平台上试验,建立了一套基本农田保护空间规划的技术路线,完成了从专业模型分析到规划图自动生成的全过程,实现了基本农田规划编制的决策支持和决策可视化,使规划成果更加科学合理。通过在济南市的实证,取得了令人满意的结果。