Scenario-Based, Single Best, Multiple-Choice Questions (SB-SB-MCQs) in Basic Medical Sciences: An Exploratory Study about the Staff Awareness, Knowledge and Difficulties Encountered

Background: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are well known and widely used assessment tool. They can be used to measure the different levels of educational outcomes: knowledge, understanding, judgment and problem solving. Traditional MCQs (stand-alone MCQs) often are used as a tool for facts recall. Advantages of using Scenario-based questions (SBQs) include more focus on learning objectives and ability to assess higher levels of learning. Shifting to scenario-based questions can increase the level of difficulty and measure higher levels of cognition. Purpose: This study explores the current knowledge and overall awareness of the undergraduate teaching staff about the use and difficulties of scenario-based single-best answer, multiple-choice questions (SB-SBA-MCQs) in assessments of the basic medical sciences. Method: We used an e-Likert scale questionnaire to explore this issue. The questionnaire covered the current knowledge, experience of staff in writing (SB-SBA-MCQs), courses or postgraduate degrees they attended and difficulties they face or anticipate in writing (SB-SBA-MCQs). Results: The majority (86%) are familiar with courses or workshops related to MCQs writing and assessment in general, a small minority have not attended any. The majority (86%) had some experience in writing MCQs. Only, a small percentage have not tried writing this type of MCQs. Nearly 60% think it takes time to construct, the majority (96%) of those researched are in support of shifting to scenario-based MCQs in basic medical sciences. Conclusion: The study has shown most of the teachers of basic medical sciences are aware of and with good knowledge in (SB-SBA-MCQs). It also highlighted the importance and need for regular training courses and workshops on the same.

Comparative Study on the Development of Urban Basic Medical Insurance in 14 Cities of Liaoning Province

Objective To put forward some suggestions for the development of urban basic medical insurance of Liaoning by comparing the development situations in 14 cities of Liaoning Province.Methods Relevant data of urban basic medical insurance from 2008 to 2018 in 14 cities were collected to make a comparative analysis,and the 5 why analysis chart was drawn to investigate the development differences in 14 cities.Results and Conclusion The average growth rate of the number of urban residents covered by urban basic medical insurance varied greatly from 2014 to 2018.The range of average growth rate of urban residents’medical insurance is 19.1%,and the range of average growth rate of urban workers’medical insurance is 9.1%.Funding standards are basically the same.It is suggested each municipal government should attach importance to this issue.They can make full use of information technology to coordinate with various authorities and ensure the smooth development of medical insurance.Besides,they must actively adapt to their conditions to better develop the urban basic medical insurance of Liaoning.

The 2016 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award: Oxygen sensing—a mysterious process essential for survival

The 2016 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award honors three physician-scientists： William G. Kaelin, Jr. from Harvard Medical School, Peter J. Ratcliffe from Uni- versity of Oxford and Gregg L. Semenza, from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, for their discovery of the pathway by which cells from human and most animals sense and adapt to changes in oxygen availability, a process essential for survival. The Lasker Award is widely considered as America＇s mosLt prestigious honor in the biomedical field. For 71 years,

Analysis of reimbursement policy for outpatient chronic diseases in basic medical insurance for urban residents in China provincial capitals

Reimbursement policy for outpatient chronic diseases is an important part of the basic medical insurance scheme in China. The reimbursement policy for outpatient chronic diseases in basic medical insurance for urban residents of provincial capitals in China were analyzed from the perspectives of disease types, benefits package, qualification and health service access. Proposals to improve policy design, establish standardized disease inclusion criteria and set reasonable benefits package, strengthen management and complete supporting policy, strengthen policy coordination were put forward according the existing problems such as fragmented policy, great difference in disease types and benefit package, supervision difficulty, incomplete policy framework and lack of policy coordination.

On Standard Nomenclature of Basic Chinese Medical Terms(IV)

ETIOLOGICAL TERMSIn traditional Chinese medicine, etiology is commonly called "cause of disease". The various factors that may cause disease are called "pathogenic factors". In the past they were classified into three categories: "exogenous factors", "endogenous factors", and "non-exo-endogenous factors". In the modern textbooks this tri-causal hypothesis is not so widely used, while a new classification has been developed.

On Standard Nomenclature of Basic Chinese Medical Terms(Ⅲ B)

Blood in Western medicine and血〔xue〕inTCM refer to the same substance,but some writ-ers insisted the use of xue or hsueh for TCM be-cause the latter’s knowledge about blood is differ-

PROSPECT OF MEDICAL GENETICS IN CHINA FROM A HISTORICAL POINT OF VIEW

The history of medical genetics is briefly reviewed. It is evident that medical genetics with its inseparable part, clinical genetics, started out as a cfinical science from the very beginning. Its robust development in the developed countries is the result of a close interaction between the basic sciences and clinical genetics. In China, however, clinical genetics has not received due emphasis and medical genetics is still not recognized as one of the medical specialties. This is in marked contrast to the situation in the West. It is high time to acknowledge that medical genetics is a medical specialty and to promote clinical genetics service in qualified hospitals in our country.

我国省级普惠式健康险发展现状

目的 了解我国省级普惠式健康险(普惠险)发展现状,厘清基本医疗保险、普惠险和百万医疗险的区别,分析普惠险当前存在的问题并对其未来发展提出可行性建议。方法 在31个省(自治区、直辖市)人民政府网、医疗保障局、卫生健康委员会、民政厅、人力资源和社会保障厅等政府官网以“普惠险”“惠民保”“补充医疗保险”为关键词检索相关政策文件和信息,同时配合各地的“本地保微信公众号”及各普惠险投保平台,搜集省级普惠险的参保信息以及具体的保障内容,时间截至2021年10月15日。结果 截至2021年10月15日,31个省级行政区中有19个地区共推出26款省级普惠险,保障责任集中于医疗保险目录内住院费用和特殊药品费用。普惠险的区域性、普惠性品以及特殊药品的保障是其与百万医疗险的主要区别。当前普惠险发展的问题体现在“两高一低一同”,即免赔额高而赔付限额虚高、可持续性低以及产品同质化严重。结论 建议医疗保障部门对普惠险进行背书和指导,合理设置省级普惠险的赔付标准和保障内容,提高普惠险产品的可持续性和抗风险能力;商业保险公司应加速迭代产品,适应市场需求,脱离同质化。