The Influence of Different Nitrogen Treatments on the Growth and Yield of Basil （Ocimum Basificum L.）

Sweet basil （Ocimum basilicum L.） is a popular culinary herbal crop grown for the fresh or dry leaf, essential oil and seed markets. Recently, basil has been shown to rank highest among spices and herbal crops for xanthophyll carotenoids, which are associated with a decreased risk of cancer and age-related eye diseases. Nitrogen fertilizer encourages vegetative growth and increases oil yield in aromatic plants by enhancing leaf area development and photosynthetic rate. Our goal was to determine the influence of different concentrations of nitrogen （N） fertilization on basil physiology. The trial examined the cultivation of Ocimum basilicum L. （variety Genovese gigante）. The experiment was carried out under Mediterranean climatic conditions. The experiment considered the adoption of three nitrogen （N） treatments （0, 160, 240 kg N ha-1）. The following biometric parameters were determined： plant height, leaves per plant, leaf to stem ratio, number of branchings per plant, leaf area index （LAI）, above-ground fresh and leaf biomass. Considering the parameters most strictly linked to the economic results （total fresh weight, fresh weight of the leaves and total dry weight）, we found that 160 kg N ha^-1 treatment showed the best performance.

Variability in Content and Chemical Constituents of Essential Oil of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Obtained from Aerial Plant Parts

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) project that is being conducted at the National Oilseed Processing Research Institute (NOPRI) aims at exploiting the genetic diversity and associated phenotypic variation in the investigated basil germplasm and evaluating key factors such as variety, plant ontogeny and plant parts that affect yield, chemical constituents, aroma and flavor of essential oils. This paper discussed the variability inessential oils content and chemical constituents of the aerial plant parts of the basil. An open-air pot experiment was carried out using three accessions provided by Agricultural Research Corporation-Genetic Resources Unit, Sudan. The essential oils were hydro distilled from the aerial parts, flowers, leaves, stems, using Clevenger apparatus. The chemical constituents of the essential oils were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). As the hydro distillation yielded no oil from the stem, we present only the results for leaves and flowers. The results revealed that the essential oil content varied with a range of 0.29% to 0.33% for flowers and 0.32% to 0.48% for leaves. As usual, the content of essential oils was higher in leaves than in flowers. The Silate-Egyptian accession had the lowest essential oil content obtained from leaves and flowers. However, South Darfur accession from Sudan had the highest oil content but did not significantly differ from Kennana accession. Several oil components were identified based upon comparison of their mass spectral data with those of reference compounds published in literature or stored in a computer library. The combined GC-MS analysis showed that methyl eugenol was the major constituent of the essential oil of Kennana accession. While the major constituent of essential oil of South-Darfur and Silate-Egyptian accessions were germacrene and linalool, respectively.

Experimental Research on Anti-tumor Metastasis Effect of Basil Polysaccharide in vivo

Objective: To study the effects of basil polysaccharide (BP) in inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Methods: One hundred and fifty mice were randomly divided into five groups to observe the effect on tumor growth after H22 cancer cells had been transplanted subcutaneously into their right armpit region and treated with different dosages (5 mg/kg, 2. 5 mg/kg and 1. 25 mg/kg) of BP for 14 days, with Mi-tomycin (Mit-C) used as control. Another 150 mice were randomly divided into three groups, models of tumor metastasis in the lung by various paths (lymphatic, blood circulatory and spontaneous) were established respectively. They were treated with BP or Mit-C to observe the influence of treatments on tumor metastasis by various paths. Results: BP of various dosages showed no effect on tumor growth, but in high and middle dosage, it could significantly reduce the number or metastasis nodules ( P<0. 05). Conclusion: BP has a tumor metastasis inhibitory effect, which might be one of the candidates for new anti-tumor metastasis agents. Its mechanism may be blocking the function of platelets in the tumor metastasis progress.

Application of sustainable basil seed as an eco-friendly multifunctional additive for water-based drilling fluids

Basil seed,containing anionic heteropolysaccharides in its outer pericarp,swells as gelatinous hydrocolloid when soaked in water.In this study,basil seed powder(BSP)was used as a multifunctional additive for water-based drilling fluids.The chemical composition,water absorbency,rheological properties of aqueous suspension of BSP were tested.The effect of BSP on the rheological and filtration of bentonitebased drilling fluid before and after thermal aging was investigated.The inhibition characteristics were evaluated by linear swelling,shale cuttings dispersion and shale immersion test.Lubricity improvement by BSP was measured with extreme pressure lubricity test.The results revealed that incorporation of BSP into bentonite suspension improved rheological and filtration properties effectively after thermal aging of 120℃.BSP exhibited superior inhibitive capacity to xanthan and synergistic effect with KCl.BSP could reduce friction by forming hydration layer.The nanoscale three-dimensional network structures enable BSP to maintain high water retention and absorb strongly on bentonite and metal surface,contributing to enhanced rheology,filtration,inhibition and lubrication properties.The versatile characteristic of BSP,as well as biodegradation makes it a promising additive using in high performance water-based drilling fluid and a potential alternative to conventional synthetic polymers.

Phenolic extract from Ocimum basilicum restores lipid metabolism in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice and prevents lipoprotein-rich plasma oxidation

In this study we investigated the hypolipidemic and anti-lipoprotein-oxidation activities of phenolic extract from sweet basil a popular culinary herb.The hypolipidemic activity was studied in mice model injected intraperitoneally with Triton WR-1339 at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight.The animals were grouped as follows:normolipidemic control group(n=8),hyperlipidemic control group(n=8)and phenolic extract-treated group(n=8)at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight.After 7 h and 24 h treatment,the oral administration of the phenolic extract exerts a significant reduction of plasma total cholesterol,triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol concentrations(P<0.001).On the other hand,we demonstrated that the phenolic extract prevents plasma lipid oxidation by 16%(P<0.001),20%(P<0.001),32%(P<0.001)and 44%(P<0.001)at a doses of 10,25,50 and 100g/mL,respectively.The results were compared with ascorbic acid used as standard synthetic antioxidant.HPLC analysis shows that the extract contains 4 major phenolics and is especially rich in rosmarinic acid.This finding indicates that the phenolic extract might be beneficial in lowering hyperlipidemia and preventing atherosclerosis.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Basil, Thyme and Tarragon Used in Meat Products

Currently, the food industry, including the meat industry, is paying close attention to the use of natural additives as preservatives. From ancient times, the plants are used to treat various diseases, to produce perfumes and as ingredients to improve the taste in food. This paper presents a bibliographic and experimental study of the antioxidant and microbial properties of basil, thyme and tarragon. International scientific papers on the use of these plants in the food industry, including the meat industry, are targeted. The role of basil, thyme and tarragon in the manufacture of functional and stable products in storage is mentioned. Percentage decrease in Salmonella Abony growth under the influence of basil constituted 84.4%, thyme 61.6% and tarragon 76.8% after 48 hours of action and respectively 97.2%, 90.2% and 95.3% after 72 hours of action. The interdependence between the percentage reduction of S. Abony infestation and the concentration of basil, mushrooms and tarragon was respectively: basil (R2 = 0.7725 … 0.7916), thyme (R2 = 0.7733 … 0.7768), tarragon (R2 = 0.7689 … 0.8137).

Evaluation of Ocimum basilicum L.with Different Concentrations of K^(+)as an Inhibitor of Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

The extraction of bioactive compounds has become one of the most interesting areas of modern chemistry.For therapeutic reasons,it´s important to obtain antimicrobial agents from natural origin.The objective of the present study was to determine the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of basil(Ocimum basilicum L.var.Red Rubin)subjected to different concentrations of potassium(K^(+))on the activity of three bacterial strains that are pathogens in humans.Susceptibility was evaluated by inhibition surface and these results were compared to two antibiotics:Gentamicin(GE)and Ciprofloxacin(CPF)for their efficacy against each bacterial strain.Analyzed variables presented significant difference(p≤0.05).According to the results,basil extract evaluated showed positive antibacterial activity against the three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus on Mueller Hinton agar.It was observed highest inhibition areas of different diameters(15.3 mm,21.3 mm and 21.6 mm respectively)when the extract used was obtained from the plants with the highest concentration of potassium(13 mmol L-1).These values were even superior to the highest values showed on the treatments with the antibiotic gentamicin.

Application of GC/EIMS in Combination with Semi-Empirical Calculations for Identification and Investigation of Some Volatile Components in Basil Essential Oil

Volatile components in the extracts of basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with electron ionization (EI) mode. The major volatile components of basil under investigation are α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, d-limonene, eucalyptol, l-linalool and estragole. Electron ionization mass spectra of these compounds have been obtained and investigated. Furthermore, the semi-empirical MNDO [Modified Neglect of Diatomic Overlap] method was used to calculate the thermochemical data for the structural properties of these compounds.

Changes in Some Parameters of Salting Brazilian Freshwater Fish Effect of Aqueous Extract of Basil

Salting is a traditional process to preserve food,while news species have been salted showing good results.However,salt accelerates lipid oxidation,influencing shelf-life of salted products.Using of antioxidants increases salted and/or desalted products shelf-life.Among the antioxidants employed in food industry spices have shown satisfactory results.In this work aqueous basil extract(Ocimunbasilicum)in pintachara salt was used.Pintachara is a hybrid of pintado and cachara(genus Pseudoplatystoma)whose flesh is much appreciated,being desirable to develop new product of this fish.The aqueous basil extract was used in a brine salt,and process was carried out with a control treatment.Samples were obtained during salting in 1,14,24,36,48 hours.In each sample period it analyzed moisture,water activity,salt content e TBARS.The aqueous basil extract interfered in salting processes and showed antioxidant action in this process.Practical applications:Brazilian consumers appreciate salted fish,as influence of Portuguese culture.There are some typical regional products,such as the pantaneiro cod,which consists on catfish from Pantanal that is salted as cod.The development of hybrids from native fishes in aquaculture leads to higher lipid content in the hybrids and the addition of natural antioxidants during salting process increases the product shelf-life and keeps the sensorial properties.

GC/MS分析泰国圣罗勒精油(Holy basil oil)化学成分的研究

利用气相色谱－质谱－计算机联用仪技术对泰国圣罗勒精油（Ｈｏｌｙ ｂａｓｉｌ ｏｉｌ）的化学成分进行研究分析，分离鉴定２２种成分，其中主要成分为石竹烯４５．８８％，丁香酚３５．７７％，巴伦西亚桔子烯６．９７％、甲位桉叶烯１．８７％；甲基丁香酚１．６８％、氧化石竹烯１．４０％。

中心静脉导管相关静脉血栓风险预测模型构建和评价

目的构建血液内科化疗患者超声平面技术下贵要静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)相关静脉血栓(RVT)风险的预测模型,并评价其效果。方法将175例血液内科化疗患者作为研究对象,均行超声平面技术下贵要静脉PICC置管,收集临床数据,分析PICC-RVT发生的影响因素,构建列线图预测模型,评价其预测价值。结果175例化疗患者PICC-RVT发生率为19.43%。Logistic回归分析显示,合并糖尿病、PICC置管史、血栓史、化疗史、导管尖端位置、导管留置时间、院外维护场所、置管前D-二聚体(D-D)是PICC-RVT发生的独立影响因素(P<0.01)。构建血液内科化疗患者超声平面技术下贵要静脉PICC-RVT发生的个体化列线图预测模型,经检验,该预测模型拟合良好,校准度、预测能力均较高。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线显示,该模型预测血液内科化疗患者超声平面技术下贵要静脉PICC-RVT的曲线下面积为0.926(95%CI:0.882~0.971),灵敏度为91.18%,特异度为79.43%。结论合并糖尿病、PICC置管史、血栓史、化疗史、导管尖端位置、导管留置时间、院外维护场所、置管前D-D是血液内科化疗患者超声平面技术下贵要静脉PICC-RVT发生的影响因素,根据上述因素构建列线图模型具有可行性,且预测价值可靠。

中药罗勒全国6个地方中药饮片炮制规范比较研究

目的:由于各地方中药饮片质量标准不统一,甚至出现矛盾现象,如“各地各法”“一药多法”的现象极为严重,导致各地区炮制规范存在一定的差异性,不仅影响中药饮片的市场流通,而且影响中药饮片的临床应用,在一定程度上妨碍了中医药产业的持续发展。方法:通过对中药材罗勒在全国6个地方中药饮片炮制规范中的差异比较和统计分析,明确各地区炮制规范内容的差异性。结果:罗勒各地方标准存在一定的差异,质量标准不统一。结论:各地方应尽快制定新版炮制规范,以统一的质量标准将其收录并进行有效监管,不仅可以加强对部分中药饮片的监管,还可以满足其临床用药需求。

不同方法提取罗勒籽胶的理化性质及其结构特性

采用酶法提取罗勒籽胶,通过单因素实验及响应面实验确定了最佳工艺,比较不同提取方法(常规法、微波法、超声法和酶法)对罗勒籽胶的得率、理化性质(凝胶强度、持水力、溶胀性能、颜色)、微观结构、流变特性、活性成分(总黄酮、总酚)及抗氧化性的影响。结果表明,酶法提取罗勒籽胶的最佳工艺为:以果胶酶为提取酶制剂、酶添加量4.1%(以预处理后罗勒籽质量为基准)、酶解时间30 min、酶解温度40℃、pH=5.1。在上述优化条件下,罗勒籽胶得率为12.96%;与其他3种方法相比,酶法提取罗勒籽胶得率最高、持水力最佳;微观结构表明,酶法提取的罗勒籽胶具有网络结构;动态流变温度扫描模式说明,罗勒籽胶是稳定的水胶体,其中,酶法提取的罗勒籽胶最稳定;酶法提取的罗勒籽胶能够最大程度地保留活性成分,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除率达到20.60%±1.44%,2,2'-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐自由基清除率达到8.70%±0.37%。

饮水型罗勒油-柠檬酸复合制剂对肉鸡的生产性能和肠道菌群的影响

该试验目的在于研究饮水型罗勒油-柠檬酸复合制剂对肉鸡的生产性能和肠道菌群的作用。选用3周龄处州三黄肉鸡150羽,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复25只。对照组饮用清水;试验组的饮用水中在第1周和第5周全程添加0.1%罗勒油-柠檬酸复合制剂,其余时间段则不添加。两组都饲喂肉用仔鸡中期全价配合饲料。试验期共计7周。结果表明,饮水中添加0.1%罗勒油-柠檬酸复合制剂能够明显提高肉鸡的平均体重和平均日增重,增加第3周时粪便中乳酸杆菌数量,降低大肠埃希氏菌数量;但是第7周时对盲肠菌群数量没有影响。表明饮水中添加0.1%罗勒油-柠檬酸复合制剂能够明显提高肉鸡的生产性能。

罗勒籽胶的功能特性及其在食品中的应用研究进展

罗勒籽胶是罗勒籽在吸水膨胀后形成一种凝胶状物质,具有特殊的理化性质,作为新兴的植物水胶体,在食品领域中逐渐受到越来越多的关注,发展前景广阔。该文就罗勒籽胶的提取与纯化干燥方法进行了概述,主要介绍了罗勒籽胶的主要功能特性,包括凝胶性、乳化稳定性、界面张力、起泡性等性质,以及罗勒籽胶在食品中的应用,如食品保鲜、纳米体系、蛋白凝胶、乳制品、冷冻食品等领域,最后指出该领域存在的问题和未来研究的方向,为拓展罗勒籽胶在食品工业中的应用提供理论参考。

不同绿蓝光比例对罗勒生长及其能源利用效率的影响

【目的】在红光(R,660 nm)保持定量的条件下,探究不同绿蓝光比例(G/B)对罗勒(Ocimum basilicum Linn.)生长、气孔特征、光合能力以及能源利用效率的影响,为植物工厂罗勒高效节能生产提供技术支撑。【方法】在植物工厂环境下,以罗勒为试验材料,将生长19 d的罗勒幼苗分别置于RB(R﹕G﹕B=8﹕0﹕8,设为对照处理)、RG1B7(R﹕G﹕B=8﹕1﹕7)、RG1B3(R﹕G﹕B=8﹕2﹕6)、RG1B1(R﹕G﹕B=8﹕4﹕4)、RG3B1(R﹕G﹕B=8﹕6﹕2)、RG7B1(R﹕G﹕B=8﹕7﹕1)和RG(R﹕G﹕B=8﹕8﹕0)7种不同光质组合处理中,光照强度设置为160μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),其中红光占50%,光照时间为16 h/d,光/暗期温度为25℃/23℃,相对湿度设定为65%,光期CO_(2)浓度设定为1000μmol·mol^(-1)。试验处理13 d后测量罗勒的光合作用参数,处理19 d后测量其生长指标、气孔特征以及能源利用效率。【结果】除RG1B3处理外,添加绿光处理比对照显著提升了罗勒的株高、叶面积和干鲜重,不同绿蓝光比例(G/B)处理的地上部干、鲜重分别比对照提高了19%—51%和26%—64%;但除RG处理外,不同G/B处理间的叶面积和干、鲜重差异不显著。低G/B处理(RG1B7)仅降低罗勒下层叶片反面的气孔密度,随着G/B的增大,下层叶片正面及上层叶片的气孔密度均降低。总体上,叶片氮含量随着G/B的增加而降低,叶片氮含量和气孔密度的降低导致罗勒的CO_(2)同化能力、光利用能力下降,降低程度总体上随着G/B的增加而增大。由于绿光LED的发光效率比蓝光低,总耗电量随着G/B的增加而增加,本试验中仅RG1B7处理比对照显著提高了25%的电能利用效率;除RG1B3处理外,不同G/B处理比对照提升了30%—57%的光能利用效率,提升程度在除RG外的不同G/B处理间无显著差异;与对照相比,RG3B1和RG处理提高了罗勒上层和下层叶片水分利用效率,其中RG3B1分别提高了58%和74%,RG分别提高了67%和90%。【结论】结合罗勒生长和能量利用效率数据可知,RG1B7处理可被认为是植物工厂罗勒生产较为适宜的光质组合。研究结果可为明确不同绿蓝光比例对罗勒生长、光合特性及能源利用效率的影响规律提供参考,也为完善植物工厂环境下罗勒高效节能生产光配方提供技术支撑。

经贵要静脉路径行双侧同步肾上腺静脉取血的可行性与安全性的首次报道

目的:评估经贵要静脉路径行双侧同步肾上腺静脉取血(AVS)的安全性和可行性。方法:2023年7月至2023年11月连续入选中国医学科学院阜外医院经贵要静脉行双侧同步AVS的原发性醛固酮增多症(PA)患者21例。记录穿刺部位、选用的取血导管、手术操作时间、X线曝光时间、对比剂用量、取血成功率、不良事件及并发症发生情况。肾上腺静脉/外周静脉血浆皮质醇浓度比值≥2定义为AVS成功。结果:21例患者的平均年龄(49.3±7.7)岁,男性患者13例。所有患者右贵要静脉置入第一个5F鞘管成功,2例无法置入第二个5F鞘管而改用同侧头静脉。所有患者均使用5F MPA1导管插入右侧肾上腺静脉,5F TIG造影导管插入左侧肾上腺静脉。手术操作时间为17.50(12.00,22.00)min,X线曝光时间为5.90(4.75,10.55)min,对比剂用量为25.00(25.00,35.00)ml。所有患者双侧AVS均成功。2例患者术中出现不良事件,其中1例为术中导管缠绕导致5F TIG造影导管滑出肾上腺静脉,1例为穿刺部位血管痉挛。无手术并发症发生。结论:在大多数PA患者中经贵要静脉路径行双侧同步AVS安全可行,但需进一步验证。

LED补光对温室罗勒生长和品质的影响

采用适宜的补光调控策略对于温室培育高产优质的罗勒(Ocimun basilicum)植株至关重要。试验在补充相同日累积光照量的条件下,使用白色(W)、蓝色(B)和红蓝(RB)LED对温室罗勒进行补光,以未补光为对照(CK),探究不同光质对罗勒植株生长和品质的影响并进行综合评价。结果表明,与CK相比,RB处理中罗勒叶片的总叶绿素含量、地上部干质量和地上部鲜质量分别提高了45.1%、274.3%和232.7%,罗勒叶片的可溶性糖含量和维生素C含量分别提高了357.1%和52.9%;B处理中罗勒叶片的叶绿素a含量和维生素C含量分别提高了51.2%和76.5%。采用主成分分析及综合评价,得出RB处理的罗勒植株综合得分最高,排名第1。综上,补光处理的罗勒植株在生长和品质方面均优于未补光处理,且补充红蓝LED光源有利于罗勒植株的生长,确定红蓝LED光源为秋冬和早春等弱光季节温室内罗勒栽培的适宜补光策略。

一年生经济植物在红壤区镉污染农田安全生长种植研究

针对中重度重金属镉污染耕地农产品种植风险问题,对紫苏、甘蓝菜、罗勒3种经济植物在4个土壤镉污染梯度(0.6、1.4、2.3、5 mg/kg)下的生长状况进行研究。结果表明,在不同镉污染浓度下,3种经济植物生长抑制情况存在显著差异,随着镉污染浓度升高,罗勒生物量受抑制呈极显著状态,紫苏生物量呈先增后降的趋势,而甘蓝菜生物量受镉污染胁迫影响相对较小。随着镉浓度增加,罗勒和紫苏叶绿素含量逐渐减少,甘蓝菜则表现为先增后降。此外,植物根系镉含量与土壤镉浓度成正比,是镉囤积的主要器官。利用植物镉吸收累积量评价植物富集镉能力,表现为甘蓝菜(5.65~27.81μg)>紫苏(2.81~6.87μg)>罗勒(2.03~4.88μg)。

采收前光照处理对罗勒生长与品质的影响

为调控罗勒(Ocimum basilicum L.)植株的生长发育和品质,以‘紫叶罗勒’为试材,于人工气候室内,在采收前7 d设置不同光强与光周期组合(224μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)×16 h·d^(-1)、224μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)×24 h·d^(-1)、330μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)×16 h·d^(-1)),探究采收前不同光照处理对罗勒植株形态、生物量和品质的影响。结果表明:与对照(224μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)×16 h·d^(-1))相比,连续光照(224μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)×24 h·d^(-1))处理的罗勒植株株高和茎粗分别提高了19.1%和20.6%,罗勒植株的地上部鲜质量、干质量和地下部干质量分别提高了26.2%、41.7%和115.0%,罗勒叶片的维生素C含量增加了47.1%。此外,使用主成分降维分析的方法对各指标进行分析及综合评价,结果显示:224μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)×24 h·d^(-1)和330μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)×16 h·d^(-1)处理均优于224μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)×16 h·d^(-1)处理,且224μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)×24 h·d^(-1)处理的罗勒植株综合得分及排名第一。综上所述,在完全可控的环境条件下,采收前短期连续光照处理能够提高罗勒植株产量和品质。