Tertiary Sea Level Changes and Sequence Stratigraphic Framework in East China Sea Shelf Basin

The East China Sea shelf basin is a key area for setting up the sea level changes of Cenozoic in the West Pacific. Based upon the characteristics of seismic reflection, the analysis of sequence stratigraphy and depositional system, the high resolution chronostratigraphic framework has been set up by using the data of micropaleontologic biozone fossils. The relative sea level change curve has been set up by combining analysis of paleoecology, genetic facies, specific sedimentary structures and on lap recognized from the seismic profiles with study of geochemical characteristics. There are 4 2nd order basin cycles showing the long term sea level changes, and 22 3rd order cycles showing short term ones with relative changing ranges of 0-150 m. Transgression and regression showing long term sea level changes bear asymmetric feature, which indicates that the speed of transgression is faster than that of regression. There are a lot of differences when compared with Haq ’s curve. The sequence stratigraphic framework has also been set up and 3 tectonic sequences, 7 supersequences and 19 sequences have been subdivided for Tertiary in the East China Sea shelf basin. On the basis of detailed analysis of genetic facies and log facies, 9 sedimentary systems, 20 depositional assemblages and many genetic facies have also been recognized and investigated. Based on the studies mentioned above, the favorable source and reservoir facies of gas and petroleum are indicated.

松辽盆地西缘构造带构造格架、演化及油气资源潜力

松辽盆地西缘构造带是研究松辽盆地形成演化的关键地带,但目前关于该构造带的构造格架、活动历史、控盆特征等仍不清晰,构造带深部物质架构及中—新生代构造演化的精细厘定为解决这一科学问题提供了新的证据。松辽盆地西缘地区布格重力异常与综合地球物理剖面特征指示,松辽盆地西缘构造带为区域上带状展布的超壳深大构造带。通过对综合构造变形带的产状、性质、运动学等资料分析,提出松辽盆地西缘构造带东西分带、倾向相背的“两带八字形”构造格架。依据构造带发育的基底背景、构造样式、地球物理特征等差异,建立了南北分段的“四段式”展布构架。在此基础上,结合区域构造演化、变形带构造解析与40Ar/39Ar构造年代学等资料,恢复了晚三叠世、中晚侏罗世、早白垩世中期、晚白垩世中期、古新世—渐新世和新近纪—更新世6期中—新生代构造活动年代格架。结合构造带的控盆作用指出,外盆带控制的中侏罗世和早白垩世中期沉积盆地是油气资源勘查的重要选区,为中国东北地区新层系油气资源勘查提供了新依据。

Late Paleozoic Sequence-Stratigraphic Frameworks and Sea Level Changes in Dianqiangui Basin and Its Adjacent Areas with Systematic Revision of Regional Unconformities

The formation process of the Dianqiangui basin, a special basin, occurred after the Caledonian orogeny, in the south of Guizhou, the west of Guangxi and the southeast of Yunnan, experienced three periods: it began in the Devonian, persisted in the Carboniferous, and became fiercer in the Permian. Controlled by syndepositional fault-zones, varieties of isolated carbonate platforms, large and small, were developed in the background of a deep-water basin, namely, an inter-platform ditch. And a special paleogeographical Late Paleozoic pattern marked by “platform-basin-hill-trough” was produced in both the Dianqiangui basin and its adjacent areas. Affected by regional tectonic activities and the global changes in the sea level, the platform carbonates and coal measures superimposed each other cyclically on the attached platform. The reef-building on the isolated platform and the margin of the attached platform corresponds to the development of the shale succession in the deep-water basin. All of these elementary characteristics reflect a regular and sophisticated filling succession of the Dianqiangui basin, a result of the dual controls of the regionally tectonic activities and the eustacy. Based on the two elementary features of the third-order sequences, i.e. the regularity of sedimentary-facies succession in space and the simultaneity of environmental changes in time, 25 third-order sequences could be discerned in the Upper Paleozoic strata in the Dianqiangui basin and its adjacent areas. On the basis of the two kinds of facies-changing surfaces and the two kinds of diachronisms in stratigraphic records, the regional Late Paleozoic sequence-stratigraphic framework in the Dianqiangui basin and its adjacent areas can be established. There are two types of facies-changing surfaces and two types of diachronisms in stratigraphic records: the static type, a result of the change in sedimentary facies in space, and the dynamic type, a result of the change in time. These two types of facies-changing surfaces led to the generation of the two types of diachronisms: the diachronism of facies-changing surfaces that was formed by the static facies-changing surfaces, and the diachronism of punctuated surfaces that was formed by the dynamic facies-changing surfaces. The two types of facies-changing surfaces and the two types of diachronisms in stratigraphic records are the key to the establishment of the sequence-stratigraphic framework. The sequence boundaries could be divided geologically into four types: tectonic unconformity, sedimentary unconformity, drowned unconformity and their correlative surfaces. All of these four types can be further grouped into exposed punctuated surfaces and deepened punctuated surfaces. The tectonic unconformity is similar to Type Ⅰ sequence boundary, and the sedimentary unconformity is similar to Type Ⅱ sequence boundary defined by Vail et al.. In terms of sequence stratigraphy, the tectonic unconformities of the Ziyun movement, the Qiangui epeirogeny and the Dongwu revolution as well as the drowned unconformity in the transitional period from the Permian to the Triassic can be systematically defined and their geological characteristics are briefly presented.

松辽盆地国际大陆科学钻探:白垩纪恐龙时代陆相地质记录

过去一百年地球的气候持续变暖,未来地球可能进入两极无冰的温室气候状态。白垩纪是深时典型的温室气候时期,认识白垩纪气候对于理解过去和预测未来气候变化均有重要意义。松辽盆地国际大陆科学钻探以研究白垩纪陆地气候与环境演变、探索大规模陆相有机质富集机理为科学目标,在国际大陆科学钻探计划ICDP框架下,成为全球第一口钻穿白垩纪陆相地层的大陆科学钻探井。项目历时16年,以超97%的取心率获得连续完整的8187 m岩心,建立了松辽盆地陆相白垩系高精度年代地层框架,重建了松辽盆地白垩纪多时间尺度陆地气候旋回与气候事件,揭示了白垩纪湖海平面波动机理,确认了松辽盆地发生过海侵事件。松辽盆地国际大陆科学钻探推动了全球地质学家合作研究白垩纪温室气候,带动了一系列高水平学术成果的产出,为松辽盆地油气勘探可持续发展提供了重要科学支撑,产生了显著的社会效益和重大的国际与国内影响。松辽盆地国际大陆科学钻探代表了探索深时的一个具有里程碑意义的阶段。可以预见,未来借助科学钻探,人类会不断增强对深时气候环境演化等方面的认识。

白垩纪特提斯域原型盆地与岩相古地理及其控油气作用

研究特提斯域在白垩纪的古构造格局、原型盆地及岩相古地理特征,对于深化特提斯域油气富集规律认识具有重要作用。在聚焦早白垩世(125 Ma±)和晚白垩世(90 Ma±)特提斯域原型盆地和岩相古地理发育特征的基础上,重点讨论了白垩纪构造、沉积演化对特提斯域油气成藏条件及富集的控制作用。研究结果表明:①早白垩世(125 Ma±),新特提洋处于快速张开阶段,在特提斯域近劳亚大陆一侧的欧洲—北非段、中东—中亚段主要发育被动陆缘盆地、裂谷盆地和弧后盆地,在中国西部—印度段主要发育被动陆缘盆地和弧后盆地,中国东部—东南亚段主要发育克拉通内盆地。在特提斯域近冈瓦纳大陆一侧广泛发育被动陆缘盆地。②晚白垩世(90 Ma±),新特提洋处于萎缩早期阶段,特提斯域近冈瓦纳大陆一侧被动陆缘盆地及近劳亚大陆一侧裂谷盆地与弧后盆地继承发展。③特提斯域北缘与南缘在早、晚白垩世均广泛发育厚层以砂岩+泥岩+碳酸盐岩为主的岩相组合,纵向上形成多套有利生-储-盖组合,在冈瓦纳大陆北缘的北非、中东及澳大利亚板块北部地区,油气成藏条件更为优越。④中东波斯湾地区白垩纪在相对稳定的板块构造背景下发育了被动陆缘原型盆地及滨浅海-半深海沉积,加之阿拉伯板块持续位于低纬度环境,由此形成和保存了白垩系富有机质烃源岩和多套优质储-盖组合,为大规模油气富集提供了优越的成藏条件。

珠三坳陷珠江组一段沉积体系演化过程及其控制因素

珠江组一段沉积时期是珠三坳陷沉积体系演变的重要时期,由早期的大范围三角洲沉积体系演化为晚期的浅海陆架沉积体系,对其演化过程及控制因素展开研究,不仅有利于揭示海侵过程中沉积体系演化过程,而且对浅海陆架有利沉积相带预测具有指导意义。综合利用岩心、测井以及高分辨率三维地震资料,建立了珠三坳陷珠江组一段四级层序地层格架,通过地质-地球物理结合方法查明了珠江组一段沉积体系的时空演化特征,并讨论了沉积演化的主控因素。研究表明:珠三坳陷珠江组一段可划分为PS1、PS2、PS3、PS4共4个四级层序。PS3和PS4时期主要发育三角洲前缘沉积,具有水下分流河道、分流间湾、河口坝和远砂坝等沉积微相组合;PS1和PS2时期以浅海陆架沉积体系大规模发育为特征,在研究区西部发育潮流砂脊,东部发育滨外砂坝。珠三坳陷沉积体系的平面展布以及垂向演化受相对海平面变化、物源供给强度、构造沉降与古地貌等综合控制。水下分流河道、潮流砂脊与滨外砂坝等微相砂岩占比高且物性好,为油气储集的有利沉积相带。

秦巴山区堵河流域径流变化归因分析

气候变化和人类活动引起的水文响应对于研究流域水资源管理有着重要意义。基于堵河流域1960—2016年降水量、潜在蒸散发量、径流量数据,采用Pettitt突变检验方法和Mann-Kendall趋势检验方法,利用8种Budyko假设分析了气候变化和人类活动对堵河流域径流变化的贡献率。分析结果表明:①堵河流域年径流量呈显著下降趋势(p<0.05),1994年出现拐点,年降水量和潜在蒸散发量也呈减少趋势,但均不显著(p>0.1)。②水文响应对人类活动比对气候变化更敏感,人类活动对径流的贡献率在57.69%~72.00%之间,气候变化的贡献率在28.00%~42.31%之间。③人类活动引起下垫面特征变化是径流衰减的主要原因,土地变化引起的森林增多和植被覆盖增加引起地表变化使径流量减少。研究成果表明人类活动对水文过程确有影响,以期对堵河流域水资源管理和综合治理提供理论支持。

川西南部地区下二叠统栖霞阶层序地层特征及岩相古地理

【目的】西接康滇古陆的四川盆地西南部下二叠统栖霞阶近年来展示出良好的勘探潜力,然而针对该地区地层充填规律及古地理格局的观点还并不统一,严重制约了下一步盆内精细的油气勘探和井位部署。【方法】以四川盆地西南部下二叠统栖霞阶梁山组和栖霞组为研究对象,综合利用野外剖面、钻井岩心和测录井等资料,在岩石类型与沉积相分析的基础上,运用海相碳酸盐岩层序地层学原理与方法,对栖霞阶层序界面进行识别。并采用单因素分析多因素综合作图法,以三级层序为编图单位,结合优势相原则,分别绘制研究区栖霞阶SQ0+SQ1和SQ2层序岩相古地理图。【结果】在栖霞阶中识别出4个三级层序界面,从下到上分别为梁山组底界面(I型)、栖一段内部界面(II型)、栖一段\栖二段界面(II型)和栖霞组\茅口组界面(I型),并将其划分为3个三级层序,每个层序均由海侵域和高位域组成。通过层序地层格架的对比分析,认为栖霞阶下部的SQ0层序大致对应于传统划分的梁山组+栖一段下部地层,仅发育于研究区内的栖霞阶地层沉积前古地貌低地,并且具有向古地貌高地超覆的层序充填特征,中部的SQ1层序和上部的SQ2层序则遍布全区。川西南栖霞阶层序岩相古地理格局总体上表现为西接康滇古陆的海相碳酸盐岩台地,古地貌和沉积相带分异比较明显,自西向东依次为:康滇古陆及其东缘的潮坪、台内洼地、台内丘滩体,以及开阔—半局限海台地,而且沿台内坡折带发育的台内丘滩体往往具有环洼规模分布的趋势。【结论】通过剖析台内坡折带对碳酸盐岩成储的影响,指出SQ2层序(栖二段)是研究区栖霞阶最有利于台内丘滩体这一潜力储集相带发育的层位,环台洼坡折带发育的丘滩体相带附近是有利的勘探区。从层序地层学角度重新认识栖霞阶充填模式及岩相古地理特征,为川西南部下二叠统栖霞阶的下一步储层预测及勘探开发提供全新的理论支撑。

Simulation of the Subsidence and Deposition Processes of the Foreland Basin in the Southwestern Margin of Ordos

Characteristics of deformation in the thrust belt and sequence stratigraphic framework in the foreland basin, structural features of the basin margin, and the episodic thrusting are studied in this paper by combining the eastern Qilian thrust belt and the Late Triassic foreland basin on the southwestern margin of Ordos. On this basis, a geological model and a mechanical model of coupling mechanism were established for the pair of thrust belt and foreland basin, and the subsidence and deposition process of the foreland basin were simulated on given parameters.

Cenozoic evolution of tectono-fluid and metallogenic process in Lanping Basin, western Yunnan Province, Southwest China: Constraints from apatite fission track data

Since the Mesozoic, abundant metal and salt deposits have been formed in the Lanping Basin, western Yunnan Province, Southwest China, constituting a well-known hydrothermal ore belt in China. Most of the deposits are meso-epithermal hydrothermal deposits. This paper preliminarily deals with the mineralization ages of hydrothermal deposits in the Lanping Basin by using the apatite fission track method, and integrates the spatial distribution of the deposits and their regional geological backgrounds, to give the preliminary viewpoints as follows: (1) the apatite fission track ages acquired range from 19.9 Ma to 52.8 Ma, much younger than those of their host strata, so they may be considered to be mineralization ages, which represent the late mineralization period; (2) the apatite fission track ages tend to become younger from the west to the middle of the basin, indicating that the latest evolution of tectono-fluid and/or metallogenic processes of the middle basin ended later than that in the west; (3) in the Paleogene, most of the Cu deposits were formed in the western part of the basin; (4) the major metallogenic processes occur between the Paleogene and the Neogene, because the eastern and western edges of the basin were subducted into and collided with its bilateral continental blocks, respectively, and the central fault was strongly activated, which led to the processes of large-scale ore-forming fluids, and their differentiation and transport because of the variation of their physical and chemical properties. Having been squeezed and uplifted, the Lanping Basin became an intermontane basin that contains many kinds of fluid traps resulting in the formation of different types of ore deposits (for example, Pb-Zn, Cu, Ag) of different scales in the middle of the basin. Simultaneously, the fluids with volatile elements such as Hg, Sb and As were transported upwards along the central fault system and diffused into its subordinate fractures, thus leading to the metallogenic processes of Hg, Sb and As in the eastern composite anticline of the Lanping Basin; (5) and later, these ore deposits experienced reformation and oxidization. To summarize,deep giant faults were active in the basin, and metallogenic processes were constrained by the evolution of tectono-fluids in the Lanping Basin. Simultaneously, the occurrence of the metallogenic processes made the nature of fluid and the structural environment change, which led to returning and recycling of the fluids. Multi-stage and zonational metallogenic processes are the characteristics of the ore deposits in the Lanping Basin.

Tectonic relationship between the Kelameili range and the Dajing depression: Insights into the Carboniferous tectonic-sedimentary framework

Based on comprehensive analysis of typical outcrops, latest deep wells drilled and high resolution seismic profiles in the study area, we examined the geologic structure of the Kelameili range, and analyzed the structural relationship between the Kelameili range and the Dajing depression, and discussed the tectonic-sedimentary framework in different periods of Carboniferous by using axial surface analysis and balanced section techniques. Understandings in three aspects are achieved:(1) The study area experienced five stages of compressional tectonic movements, the Early Carboniferous, the Late Carboniferous, the Middle-Late Permian, Late Cretaceous and Paleogene, and three stages of extensional tectonic movements, the middle-late Early Carboniferous, the middle-late Late Carboniferous and Early Permian. At the end of the Early Permian and the Mid-Late Cretaceous, the tectonic wedges moved southward respectively.(2) The Kelameili range and Dajing depression had the first basin-range coupling during the early Early Carboniferous, basin-range decoupling in the following middle-late Early Carboniferous to the Early Permian, then basin-range strong recoupling in the Middle Permian, and the basin-range coupling had been inherited in the subsequent Indosinian, Yanshanian and Himalayan movements.(3) During the early Early Carboniferous, the study area was a foreland basin where the Dishuiquan Formation source rock developed;in mid-late Early Carboniferous, a series of NW-and NWW-trending half-garben fault basins developed, where the Songkaersu Formation volcanic reservoir formed. In late Early Carboniferous, the study area entered into depression basin stage after rifting, and the Shuangjingzi Formation source rock developed;in the mid-late Late Carboniferous, Batamayineishan fault basin emerged, and the Upper-Carboniferous volcanic reservoir was formed, affected by the tectonic compression during late Carboniferous and Mid-Permian, the Batamayineishan Formation suffered extensive erosion, and only partially remains in the piedmont depression zone.

Study on Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy of Ordovician in Northern Ordos Basin

The formation of carbonates is different from that of siliciclastics. The controlling factors, such as the in-situ production of carbonates the transport, local variation in depositional processes and the way of dispersal are unique to carbonates systems, and have resulted in the formation of a wide variety of stratal patterns. The authors believe that all the factors influencing the formation of carbonates, such as the evolution of carbonate platform, transgression and regression, drowning and exposing of the platform, should be taken into consideration during the study of carbonate sequence stratigraphy.This paper attempts to summarize the study procedure in outcrop sequence stratigraphy and to describe the integrated identification of condensed section, first flooding surface and maximum flooding surface, so that the framework of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy can be constructed. During the Sandokan in early Ordovician, a carbonate-siliciclastic ramp was developed in northern Ordos, which changed into a carbonate rimmed shelf or a distally steepened ramp during the Zhuozishan and Kelimoli. It was the break in the Wulalike and Middle Ordovician,changing the sedimentary setting into an aulacogen According to the basin evolution, the authors have established some different idealized models for depositional sequences and systems tracts.

黄河模拟器建设框架设计及发展布局

为解决黄河流域面临的水资源短缺、经济发展不平衡、生态环境脆弱等重点和难点问题,研发黄河模拟器成为新时期黄河流域保护治理的重要工作。参考有关文献对长江模拟器的表述,结合黄河流域自身特点,提出并解读黄河模拟器的概念,谋划黄河模拟器建设的顶层设计;从感知体系、模拟体系、服务体系三方面出发,对黄河模拟器建设框架进行总体设计;在此基础上,进一步提出黄河模拟器1.0~4.0的发展布局,展望未来50~100 a的建设蓝图。建设黄河模拟器可为黄河流域灾害防控、资源供给、公共管理、文化传承等多个领域提供模拟和决策支撑,推进黄河流域系统化保护治理,助推黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略的实施。

The Late Triassic Sequence-Stratigraphic Framework of the Upper Yangtze Region,South China

In the transitional period between the Middle and the Late Triassic, the Indochina orogeny caused two tectonic events in South China：（1） the formation and uplift of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt along the northern margin of the South China Plate, due to its collision with the North China Plate; and 2） the development of a 1300-km-wide intra-continental orogen in the southeastern part of the South China Plate, which led to a northwestward movement of the foreland thrust-fold zone. These tectonic events resulted in the ending of the Yangtze Platform, and were a stable paleogeographic factor from the Eidacaran to the end of the Middle Triassic. This platform was characterized by the widespread development of shallow-water carbonates. After the end of the Yangtze Platform, the upper Yangtze foreland basin（or Sichuan foreland basin） was formed during the Late Triassic and became a accumulation site of fluvial deposits that are composed of related strata of the Xujiahe Formation. In western Sichuan Province, the Xujiahe Formation overlies the Maantang Formation shallow-water carbonate rocks of the Xiaotangzi Formation siliciclastic rocks（from shelf shales to littoral facies）. The sequence-stratigraphic framework of the Upper Triassic in the upper Yangtze foreland basin indicates a particular alluvial architecture, characterized by sequences composed of（1） successions of low-energy fluvial deposits of high-accommodation phases, including coal seams, and（2） high-energy fluvial deposits of low-accommodation phases, including amalgamated river-channel sandstones. The spatial distribution of these fluvial deposits belonging to the Xujiahe Formation and its relative strata is characterized by gradual thinning-out, overlapping, and pinching-out toward both the east and south. This sedimentary record therefore expresses a particular sequence-stratigraphic succession of fluvial deposits within the filling succession of the foreland basin. The sequence-stratigraphic framework for the Upper Triassic in the Upper Yangtze region provides a record of the end of the Yangtze Platform and the formation of the upper Yangtze foreland basin.

PETROLEUM GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN QIANGTANG BASIN

Qiangtang Basin is located in the middle of Tethys, which is the famous oil and gas accumulation belt of the world. one of the few exploration areas in our continental petroleum industry at present. Previous studies show that this basin is a “composite basin" which has experienced, from Late Paleozoic to Cenozoic, a long time geological evolution. The major of this basin formed at Late Permian to Early Cretaceous, and its deformation generated after Late Cretaceous. The present part is just the remnants of the proto basin.Qiangtang Basin, about 180000km\+2, is located in the west part of Qiangtang\|Qamdo Terrane with Triassic Jurassic system as the main exploration systems.The tectonic framework of the basin displays the characteristic of one central uplift between the northern and the southern depressions, among of which the maximum burial depth of the substratums is 7km deep at Tubocuo in the northern depression. The deformation of the basin developed different kinds of structural styles, including compressive, wrench and extensive as well as inversive structures.The thickness of effective hydrocarbon source rocks (mudstone and carbonate rocks) is over 1500m, and the organic matter types are mainly of type I and type Ⅱ. In general the abundance of organic matter of the carbonate rocks is 0 1%～0 3%, the hydrocarbon generating potential (S1+S2) being 0 01～0 195mg/g. The abundance of organic matter of mudstone is generally over 0 5%, with the maximum over 2%. Its hydrocarbon generating potential is 0 018～28 1mg/g, and the organic matter is mainly at the mature to highly mature stage. More than 30 oil seeps have been found in the area, of which three are oil liquid ones and the others are solid bitumen and soft bitumen. Oil bearing rocks are concentrated in the Middle Upper Jurassic and Upper Triassic. Oil to source correlation analysis shows that the liquid oil is derived from the strata with oil reserves.The oil and gas shows, especially liquid oil seeps, indicate that the area experienced a history of hydrocarbon generation and migration. Preliminary prospecting shows that there exist two kinds of reservoirs: clastic rocks and carbonate rocks. The porosity of some carbonate reservoirs is up to 15%, which is favorable to the storage of oil and gas. Gypsum layers (single layer is generally 20～40m) are extensively distributed in Middle Jurassic of the Qiangtang Basin. Since Mesozoic marine strata in the basin has been strongly deformed and exposured on the surface of the earth during the Cenozoic, compared with other general bearing hydrocarbon basins, the preservative condition of Qiangtang Basin appears to be poor, but there still has a good prospects of exploration because of the Mesozoic strata containing abundant pliable layers such as gypsums and shales.

The genetic environmental transformation mechanism of coal and oil shale deposits in eastern China’s continental fault basins and the developmental characteristics of the area’s symbiotic assemblages——taking Huangxian Basin as an example

Coal and oil shale are two common sedimentary energy sources which are often symbiotically developed in M esozoic- Cenozoic continental fault basins. However, the mechanisms and characteristics of the symbiotic development are not yet clearly known. In this research study, the typical continental fault basins of eastern China were chosen as examples for the purpose of conducting an examination of the coal and oil shale symbiotic assemblage types, genetic environmental differences, and transformation mechanisms, as well as the development and occurrence characteristics o f different assemblage types. Through a large number of investigations, systematic experimental testing, and sequence stratigraphy studies, the following conclusions were obtained:(1) There were five types of coal and oil shale symbiotic assemblages observed in the continental fault basins,(2) The development of coal and oil shale deposits requires a warm and humid climate, stable structure, abundant organic matter supply, a certain water depth, and a lower terrestrial source debris supply. The observed differences were that the water depth conditions were diversified in the study area, as well as the sources, types, and content of the organic matter.(3) The rapid transformations of the coal and oil shale genetic environments were mainly controlled by the tectonic settings and climatic conditions, which were determined to control the changes in the water depths, salinity,redox conditions, and lake productivity of the genetic environments. Also, in the symbiotic assemblages, genetic environment changes had induced the development of oil shale deposits, which gradually evolved into coal genetic environments.(4) In the isochronous sequence stratigraphic framework of the coal and oil shale symbiotic assemblages, the lake expansion system tracts (EST) were determined to be the most beneficial to the growth o f all the types of assemblages and were characterized by more assemblage development phases and smaller bed thicknesses. From the early to the late stages of the EST, and from the lakesides to lake centers, the thicknesses of the coal seams in the symbiotic assemblages showed trends of thinning, while the thicknesses of the oil shale deposits exhibited increasing trends. The early stages of high stand system tracts were found to be beneficial to the development of the symbiotic assemblages of coal seams overlying the oil shale. This tract type generally presented large bed thicknesses and distribution ranges. The low stand system tract and the late high stand system tract were determined to be unconducive to the development of the symbiotic assemblages.

Mesozoic “Red Beds” and its Evolution in the Hefei Basin

The Hefei Basin is the largest basin in the North China landmass with complete and well-preserved Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata. In the basin there developed a suite of extremely thick ＂red beds＂ in the Mesozoic. Owing to complex evolution processes and a lack of paleontological traces, there have been controversies regarding the division and correlation of this suite of red beds. Based on results obtained in recent years in drilling, seismic and surface geological investigations and in consideration of relationships between seismic sequences and regional tectonic events, as well as evidence in paleontology, petrology and isotopic dating, this paper preliminarily puts forward the following ideas about the sequence stratigraphic framework of the continental ＂red beds＂ in the Hefei Basin. （1） The Zhougongshan Formation and the Yuantongshan Formation have similar lithologic, geophysical and paleontological characteristics, so we incorporate them into a single formation, called the Yuantongshan Formation, and the original Zhougongshan and Yuantongshan Formations are regarded as the upper and the lower parts of the newly defined Yuantongshan Formation. Its age is the Middle Jurassic; （2） the Zhuxiang Formation belongs to the Upper Jurassic Series and （3） the age of the Xiangdaopu Formation is the Lower Cretaceous. Furthermore, signatures of depositional evolution are analyzed in the paper based on features of seismic reflection, outcrops and drilling data. The Early and Middle Jurassic is characterized by a foreland basin, which is influenced mainly by uplift and longitudinal compression of the Dabieshan Mountains; the Lower Jurassic System has a relatively small depositional area; the Middle Jurassic strata are distributed extensively over the whole basin, marking the summit of basin development; a flexure basin is characteristic of the Late Jurassic, manifesting a joint effect of the Dabieshan and Zhangbaling Mountains with the former being more significant. In the Early Cretaceous, the Xiangdaopu Formation was distributed in the Daqiao depression, evidently affected by extension of the Tanlu fault; in the Late Cretaceous, the Hefei Basin was subjected to dismembering and the Zhangqiao Formation was distributed in the east-west direction along the downthrown side of the fault.

松辽盆地梨树断陷构造沉积学特征及发育机制

梨树断陷是一个具有复杂构造沉积特征的箕状断陷湖盆,在松辽盆地深层断陷群中具有代表性。本文以大量的三维地震与钻井资料为基础,通过构造解释与沉积学分析,揭示该区整个断陷过程中的构造与沉积特征,总结其演化规律,分析其控制因素,明确盆地的构造沉积学特征及演化机制;一方面为该区深层储层与圈闭预测研究提供地质依据,另一方面也为松辽盆地其他断陷的构造沉积学深入研究提供实例参考。研究表明,早白垩世的左旋拉伸应力背景及数次挤压构造活动造就了该区断陷过程中发育了多个亚构造阶段,经历了由断陷初期的多个“小而陡”的次级小断陷,向强烈断陷期的一个“西断东超”统一箕状断陷湖盆,再向断陷晚期的“盆缓、域广”浅水湖盆的演化历程。在断陷期的不同阶段,不整合面类型多样、成因各异;初始裂陷阶段区域地层抬升与断块掀斜均有发生,造成不整合的多类型样式;强烈断陷期更多发育断块旋转、掀斜造成的角度不整合;而在断陷晚期,平行不整合占据了更大的不整合面积比例,体现了地层整体抬升与沉降的结果。盆地沉积充填经历了由湖-扇沉积体系向辫状河体系的演变过程;强烈断陷阶段的各层序呈现“低位域逐渐萎缩,高位域所占比例不断增大”的层序结构变化特征;裂陷晚期层序则以“横向连续、纵向加积”为主要层序结构特征。

准噶尔盆地早二叠世构造-沉积格局及石油地质意义

准噶尔盆地下二叠统风城组为一套重要的烃源岩,对该时期沉积环境的认识存在海相与湖泊相的争议。根据研究区及邻区露头、地震、钻测井及岩心等资料,明确了准噶尔盆地南缘博格达山的形成时期与盆内地质结构,恢复了盆地早二叠世构造-沉积格局,并分析了风城组的石油地质特征。研究结果表明:石炭纪末期,东博格达山与伊林黑比尔根山东缘分隔了准噶尔盆地与吐哈盆地,准噶尔盆地由残留海闭塞形成了海迹湖。风城组沉积时期,盆地北部石西凹陷与石钱滩凹陷主要发育冲积扇;西北缘、中央坳陷与博格达地区为海迹湖沉积环境,继承了海洋的咸水环境与生物;受盆内凸起与水下低隆的控制,准噶尔盆地形成4个沉积中心,半深湖-深湖亚相在咸水环境下发育较好的烃源岩。准噶尔盆地腹部各凹陷与博格达山周缘下二叠统广泛分布,深埋藏条件下可能蕴含极其丰富的天然气资源,为下一步有利的勘探方向。

Evolution of the Extensional Rifted Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi Oceanic Basin During the Late Hercynian to Middle Indosinian Stage

On the basis of exhaustive researches on the facies sequences and depositlonal evolutionary process of various depositional systems, the genetic stratigraphic framework of the extensional rifted oceanic basin, which has undergone strong structural destruction, has been reconstructed by means of dynamic genetic stratigraphic analysis. Five depositional episodes have been distinguished from various isochronous stratigraphic boundaries and stratigraphic sequences with the three-dimensional structure of each depositional episode analysed in detail. The tectonic paleogeographic environment corresponding to different stages of each depositional episode has been reconstructed for individual depositional system tracts. And the evolution history of this rifted basin has been divided into four stages' initial rifting and oceanization of continental crust, stretching and spreading of the basin, subduction and basin differentiation, and convergence and collision. A NNE-trending intracontinental soft collision suture was left after the closing of the basin.