Dear Editor,The 2002–2003 global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV)infected around 8,000 people with 10%mortality(http://www.who.int/csr/sars/en/).The virus has a positivestran...Dear Editor,The 2002–2003 global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV)infected around 8,000 people with 10%mortality(http://www.who.int/csr/sars/en/).The virus has a positivestranded RNA genome that encodes a large polyprotein(1a and 1ab),four structural proteins,including spike(S),展开更多
It is unknown whether pangolins,the most trafficked mammals,play a role in the zoonotic transmission of bat coronaviruses.We report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins,named Manis jav...It is unknown whether pangolins,the most trafficked mammals,play a role in the zoonotic transmission of bat coronaviruses.We report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins,named Manis javanica HKU4-related coronavirus(MjHKU4r-CoV).Among 86 animals,four tested positive by pan-CoV PCR,and seven tested seropositive(11 and 12.8%).展开更多
Three major human coronavirus disease outbreaks,severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS),Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS)and 2019 coronavirus disease(COVID-19),occurred in the twenty-first century and were caused...Three major human coronavirus disease outbreaks,severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS),Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS)and 2019 coronavirus disease(COVID-19),occurred in the twenty-first century and were caused by different coronaviruses(CoVs).All these viruses are considered to have originated from bats and transmitted to humans through intermediate hosts.SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2,disease agent of COVID-19,shared around 80%genomic similarity,and thus belong to SARS-related CoVs.As a natural reservoir of viruses,bats harbor numerous other SARS-related CoVs that could potentially infect humans around the world,causing SARS or COVID19 like outbreaks in the future.In this review,we summarized the current knowledge of CoVs on geographical distribution,genetic diversity,cross-species transmission potential and possible pathogenesis in humans,aiming for a better understanding of bat SARS-related CoVs in the context of prevention and control.展开更多
The current pandemic of COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2),threatens human health around the world.Of particular concern is that bats are recognized as o...The current pandemic of COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2),threatens human health around the world.Of particular concern is that bats are recognized as one of the most potential natural hosts of SARS-CoV-2;however,coronavirus ecology in bats is still nascent.Here,we performed a degenerate primer screening and next-generation sequencing analysis of 112 bats,collected from Hainan Province,China.Three coronaviruses,namely bat betacoronavirus(Bat CoV)CD35,Bat CoV CD36 and bat alpha-coronavirus CD30 were identified.Bat CoV CD35 genome had 99.5%identity with Bat CoV CD36,both sharing the highest nucleotide identity with Bat Hp-betacoronavirus Zhejiang2013(71.4%),followed by SARS-CoV-2(54.0%).Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Bat CoV CD35 formed a distinct clade,and together with Bat Hp-betacoronavirus Zhejiang2013,was basal to the lineage of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2.Notably,Bat CoV CD35 harbored a canonical furin-like S1/S2 cleavage site that resembles the corresponding sites of SARS-CoV-2.The furin cleavage sites between CD35 and CD36 are identical.In addition,the receptor-binding domain of Bat CoV CD35 showed a highly similar structure to that of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2,especially in one binding loop.In conclusion,this study deepens our understanding of the diversity of coronaviruses and provides clues about the natural origin of the furin cleavage site of SARS-CoV-2.展开更多
Bats are reservoirs for multiple coronaviruses(Co Vs).However,the phylogenetic diversity and transmission of global bat-borne Co Vs remain poorly understood.Here,we performed a Bayesian phylogeographic analysis based ...Bats are reservoirs for multiple coronaviruses(Co Vs).However,the phylogenetic diversity and transmission of global bat-borne Co Vs remain poorly understood.Here,we performed a Bayesian phylogeographic analysis based on 3,594 bat Co V Rd Rp gene sequences to study the phylogenetic diversity and transmission of bat-borne Co Vs and the underlying driving factors.We found that host-switching events occurred more frequently forα-Co Vs than forβ-Co Vs,and the latter was highly constrained by bat phylogeny.Bat species in the families Molossidae,Rhinolophidae,Miniopteridae,and Vespertilionidae had larger contributions to the cross-species transmission of bat Co Vs.Regions of eastern and southern Africa,southern South America,Western Europe,and Southeast Asia were more frequently involved in cross-region transmission events of bat Co Vs than other regions.Phylogenetic and geographic distances were the most important factors limiting Co V transmission.Bat taxa and global geographic hotspots associated with bat Co V phylogenetic diversity were identified,and bat species richness,mean annual temperature,global agricultural cropland,and human population density were strongly correlated with the phylogenetic diversity of bat Co Vs.These findings provide insight into bat Co Vevolution and ecological transmission among bat taxa.The identified hotspots of bat Co V evolution and transmission will guide early warnings of bat-borne Co V zoonotic diseases.展开更多
Coronavirus(CoV)spillover originating from game animals,particularly pangolins,is currently a significant concern.Meanwhile,vigilance is urgently needed for coronaviruses carried by bats,which are known as natural res...Coronavirus(CoV)spillover originating from game animals,particularly pangolins,is currently a significant concern.Meanwhile,vigilance is urgently needed for coronaviruses carried by bats,which are known as natural reservoirs of many coronaviruses.In this study,we collected 729 anal swabs of 20 different bat species from nine locations in Yunnan and Guangdong provinces,southern China,in 2016 and 2017,and described the molecular characteristics and genetic diversity of alphacoronaviruses(αCoVs)and betacoronaviruses(βCoVs)found in these bats.Using RT-PCR,we identified 58(8.0%)bat CoVs in nine bat species from six locations.Furthermore,using the Illumina platform,we obtained two representative full-length genomes of the bat CoVs,namely TyRo-CoV-162275 and TyRo-CoV-162269.Sequence analysis showed that TyRo-CoV-162275 shared the highest identity with Malayan pangolin(Manis javanica)HKU4-related coronaviruses(MjHKU4r-CoVs)from Guangxi Province,whereas TyRo-CoV-162269 was closely related to HKU33-CoV discovered in a greater bamboo bat(Tylonycteris robustula)from Guizhou Province.Notably,TyRo-CoV-162275 has a putative furin protease cleavage site in its S protein and is likely to utilize human dipeptidyl peptidase-4(hDPP4)as a cell-entry receptor,similar to MERSCoV.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report of a bat HKU4r-CoV strain containing a furin protease cleavage site.These findings expand our understanding of coronavirus geographic and host distributions.展开更多
Since the 2002–2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) outbreak prompted a search for the natural reservoir of the SARS coronavirus, numerous alpha- and betacoronaviruses have been discovered in bats around the ...Since the 2002–2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) outbreak prompted a search for the natural reservoir of the SARS coronavirus, numerous alpha- and betacoronaviruses have been discovered in bats around the world. Bats are likely the natural reservoir of alpha- and betacoronaviruses, and due to the rich diversity and global distribution of bats, the number of bat coronaviruses will likely increase. We conducted a surveillance of coronaviruses in bats in an abandoned mineshaft in Mojiang County, Yunnan Province, China, from 2012–2013. Six bat species were frequently detected in the cave: Rhinolophus sinicus, Rhinolophus affinis, Hipposideros pomona, Miniopterus schreibersii, Miniopterus fuliginosus, and Miniopterus fuscus. By sequencing PCR products of the coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene(Rd Rp), we found a high frequency of infection by a diverse group of coronaviruses in different bat species in the mineshaft. Sequenced partial Rd Rp fragments had 80%–99% nucleic acid sequence identity with well-characterized Alphacoronavirus species, including Bt CoV HKU2, Bt CoV HKU8, and Bt CoV1,and unassigned species Bt CoV HKU7 and Bt CoV HKU10. Additionally, the surveillance identified two unclassified betacoronaviruses, one new strain of SARS-like coronavirus, and one potentially new betacoronavirus species. Furthermore, coronavirus co-infection was detected in all six bat species, a phenomenon that fosters recombination and promotes the emergence of novel virus strains. Our findings highlight the importance of bats as natural reservoirs of coronaviruses and the potentially zoonotic source of viral pathogens.展开更多
Bats are connected with the increasing numbers of emerging and re-emerging viruses that may break the species barrier and spread into the human population. Coronaviruses are one of the most common viruses discovered i...Bats are connected with the increasing numbers of emerging and re-emerging viruses that may break the species barrier and spread into the human population. Coronaviruses are one of the most common viruses discovered in bats, which were considered as the natural source of recent human-susceptible coronaviruses, i.e. SARS-COV and MERS-CoV. Our previous study reported the discovery of a bat-derived putative cross-family recombinant coronavirus with a reovirus gene p10, named as Ro-BatCoV GCCDC1. In this report, through a two-year follow-up of a special bat population in one specific cave of south China, we illustrate that Ro-BatCoV GCCDC1 persistently circulates among bats. Notably, through the longitudinal observation, we identified the dynamic evolution of Ro-BatCoV GCCDC1 in bats represented by continuously recombination events. Our study provides the first glimpse of the virus evolution in one longitudinally observed bat population cohort and underlines the surveillance and pre-warning of potential interspecies transmittable viruses in bats.展开更多
Human interaction with animals has been implicated as a primary risk factor for several high impact zoonoses,including many bat-origin viral diseases.However the animal-to-human spillover events that lead to emerging ...Human interaction with animals has been implicated as a primary risk factor for several high impact zoonoses,including many bat-origin viral diseases.However the animal-to-human spillover events that lead to emerging diseases are rarely observed or clinically examined,and the link between specific interactions and spillover risk is poorly understood.To investigate this phenomenon,we conducted biological-behavioral surveillance among rural residents in Yunnan,Guangxi,and Guangdong districts of Southern China,where we have identified a number of SARS-related coronaviruses in bats.Serum samples were tested for four bat-borne coronaviruses using newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA).Survey data were used to characterize associations between human-animal contact and bat coronavirus spillover risk.A total of 1,596 residents were enrolled in the study from 2015 to 2017.Nine participants(0.6%)tested positive for bat coronaviruses.265(17%)participants reported severe acute respiratory infections(SARI)and/or influenza-like illness(ILI)symptoms in the past year,which were associated with poultry,carnivore,rodent/shrew,or bat contact,with variability by family income and district of residence.This study provides serological evidence of bat coronavirus spillover in rural communities in Southern China.The low seroprevalence observed in this study suggests that bat coronavirus spillover is a rare event.Nonetheless,this study highlights associations between human-animal interaction and zoonotic spillover risk.These findings can be used to support targeted biological behavioral surveillance in high-risk geographic areas in order to reduce the risk of zoonotic disease emergence.展开更多
Coronaviruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, pose significant public health threats. Bats have been suggested to act as natural reservoirs for ...Coronaviruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, pose significant public health threats. Bats have been suggested to act as natural reservoirs for both these viruses, and periodic monitoring of coronaviruses in bats may thus provide important clues about emergent infectious viruses. The Eastern bent-wing bat Miniopterus fuliginosus is distributed extensively throughout China. We therefore analyzed the genetic diversity of coronaviruses in samples of M. fuliginosus collected from nine Chinese provinces during 2011–2013. The only coronavirus genus found was Alphacoronavirus. We established six complete and five partial genomic sequences of alphacoronaviruses, which revealed that they could be divided into two distinct lineages, with close relationships to coronaviruses in Miniopterus magnater and Miniopterus pusillus. Recombination was confirmed by detecting putative breakpoints of Lineage 1 coronaviruses in M. fuliginosus and M. pusillus(Wu et al., 2015), which supported the results of topological and phylogenetic analyses. The established alphacoronavirus genome sequences showed high similarity to other alphacoronaviruses found in other Miniopterus species, suggesting that their transmission in different Miniopterus species may provide opportunities for recombination with different alphacoronaviruses. The genetic information for these novel alphacoronaviruses will improve our understanding of the evolution and genetic diversity of coronaviruses, with potentially important implications for the transmission of human diseases.展开更多
We miscalculated identities of several genes, and the corrected Table 1 should be as follows:a、 This table demonstrates identities of 2019-nCoV WIV04 (GenBank Accession No. MN996528.1) compared with bat SARSr-CoV RaT...We miscalculated identities of several genes, and the corrected Table 1 should be as follows:a、 This table demonstrates identities of 2019-nCoV WIV04 (GenBank Accession No. MN996528.1) compared with bat SARSr-CoV RaTG13 (GenBank Accession No. MN996532.1) and SARS-CoV BJ01 (GenBank Accession No. AY278488.2).展开更多
Emergent coronaviruses(CoVs)such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have posed great threats to public health worldwide over the past two decades.Currently,the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 as a pandemic causes greater public health ...Emergent coronaviruses(CoVs)such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have posed great threats to public health worldwide over the past two decades.Currently,the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 as a pandemic causes greater public health concern.CoV diversity is due to the large size and replication mechanisms of the genomes together with having bats as their optimum natural hosts.The ecological behavior and unique immune characteristics of bats are optimal for the homologous recombination of CoVs.The relationship of spatial structural characteristics of the spike protein,a protein that is critical for recognition by host receptors,in different CoVs may provide evidence in explaining the coevolution of CoVs and their hosts.This information may help to enhance our understanding of CoV evolution and thus provide part of the basis of preparations for any future outbreaks.展开更多
目的:在昆虫细胞表达系统中表达蝙蝠SARS样冠状病毒Spike蛋白的受体结合域,并探讨其表达动力学和纯化条件。方法:以PCR扩增蝙蝠SARS样冠状病毒Spike基因的受体结合域片段,产物连接到pMD-T载体,再亚克隆至供体质粒pFAST-HTB,经序列测定...目的:在昆虫细胞表达系统中表达蝙蝠SARS样冠状病毒Spike蛋白的受体结合域,并探讨其表达动力学和纯化条件。方法:以PCR扩增蝙蝠SARS样冠状病毒Spike基因的受体结合域片段,产物连接到pMD-T载体,再亚克隆至供体质粒pFAST-HTB,经序列测定确认基因正确克隆,进一步将其转座入Bacmid中,在昆虫细胞Sf9中进行表达,采用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting对表达产物进行分析,并通过镍离子螯合树脂纯化重组蛋白。结果:在昆虫细胞表达系统中表达出蝙蝠SARS样冠状病毒Spike蛋白的受体结合域片段,当感染复数(multiplicity of infectiin,MOI)为2时,重组病毒感染细胞56 h后,重组蛋白的表达量达到峰值。结论:蝙蝠SARS样冠状病毒Spike蛋白的受体结合域片段在昆虫细胞表达系统中得到了有效表达,并可通过镍离子螯合树脂纯化重组蛋白。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81290341,31621061 to Zheng-Li Shi)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDPB0301 to Zheng-Li Shi)+2 种基金National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of National Institutes of Health grant(R01AI110964 to Zheng-Li Shi)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1201000 to Shibo Jiang)NIH grant(R01AI098775 to Shibo Jiang and Lanying Du)
文摘Dear Editor,The 2002–2003 global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV)infected around 8,000 people with 10%mortality(http://www.who.int/csr/sars/en/).The virus has a positivestranded RNA genome that encodes a large polyprotein(1a and 1ab),four structural proteins,including spike(S),
文摘It is unknown whether pangolins,the most trafficked mammals,play a role in the zoonotic transmission of bat coronaviruses.We report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins,named Manis javanica HKU4-related coronavirus(MjHKU4r-CoV).Among 86 animals,four tested positive by pan-CoV PCR,and seven tested seropositive(11 and 12.8%).
基金funded by the China National Science Foundation for Excellent Scholars to P.Z.(NO.81822028).
文摘Three major human coronavirus disease outbreaks,severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS),Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS)and 2019 coronavirus disease(COVID-19),occurred in the twenty-first century and were caused by different coronaviruses(CoVs).All these viruses are considered to have originated from bats and transmitted to humans through intermediate hosts.SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2,disease agent of COVID-19,shared around 80%genomic similarity,and thus belong to SARS-related CoVs.As a natural reservoir of viruses,bats harbor numerous other SARS-related CoVs that could potentially infect humans around the world,causing SARS or COVID19 like outbreaks in the future.In this review,we summarized the current knowledge of CoVs on geographical distribution,genetic diversity,cross-species transmission potential and possible pathogenesis in humans,aiming for a better understanding of bat SARS-related CoVs in the context of prevention and control.
基金the National Key R&D Pro-gram of China(2019YFC1200501)Research Units of Discovery of Un-known Bacteria and Function(2018RU010)the Golden Seed Program of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital(CYJZ202220).
文摘The current pandemic of COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2),threatens human health around the world.Of particular concern is that bats are recognized as one of the most potential natural hosts of SARS-CoV-2;however,coronavirus ecology in bats is still nascent.Here,we performed a degenerate primer screening and next-generation sequencing analysis of 112 bats,collected from Hainan Province,China.Three coronaviruses,namely bat betacoronavirus(Bat CoV)CD35,Bat CoV CD36 and bat alpha-coronavirus CD30 were identified.Bat CoV CD35 genome had 99.5%identity with Bat CoV CD36,both sharing the highest nucleotide identity with Bat Hp-betacoronavirus Zhejiang2013(71.4%),followed by SARS-CoV-2(54.0%).Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Bat CoV CD35 formed a distinct clade,and together with Bat Hp-betacoronavirus Zhejiang2013,was basal to the lineage of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2.Notably,Bat CoV CD35 harbored a canonical furin-like S1/S2 cleavage site that resembles the corresponding sites of SARS-CoV-2.The furin cleavage sites between CD35 and CD36 are identical.In addition,the receptor-binding domain of Bat CoV CD35 showed a highly similar structure to that of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2,especially in one binding loop.In conclusion,this study deepens our understanding of the diversity of coronaviruses and provides clues about the natural origin of the furin cleavage site of SARS-CoV-2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32192420)the Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Research Program of China(2021FY100304)。
文摘Bats are reservoirs for multiple coronaviruses(Co Vs).However,the phylogenetic diversity and transmission of global bat-borne Co Vs remain poorly understood.Here,we performed a Bayesian phylogeographic analysis based on 3,594 bat Co V Rd Rp gene sequences to study the phylogenetic diversity and transmission of bat-borne Co Vs and the underlying driving factors.We found that host-switching events occurred more frequently forα-Co Vs than forβ-Co Vs,and the latter was highly constrained by bat phylogeny.Bat species in the families Molossidae,Rhinolophidae,Miniopteridae,and Vespertilionidae had larger contributions to the cross-species transmission of bat Co Vs.Regions of eastern and southern Africa,southern South America,Western Europe,and Southeast Asia were more frequently involved in cross-region transmission events of bat Co Vs than other regions.Phylogenetic and geographic distances were the most important factors limiting Co V transmission.Bat taxa and global geographic hotspots associated with bat Co V phylogenetic diversity were identified,and bat species richness,mean annual temperature,global agricultural cropland,and human population density were strongly correlated with the phylogenetic diversity of bat Co Vs.These findings provide insight into bat Co Vevolution and ecological transmission among bat taxa.The identified hotspots of bat Co V evolution and transmission will guide early warnings of bat-borne Co V zoonotic diseases.
基金the Special Foundation for the National Science and Technology Basic Research Program of China(2021FY100303)the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Program(2021B1212050021,2021B1212110003)+1 种基金the GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development(2021GDASYL-20210103052)the Young Top-notch Talent Cultivation Program of Hubei Province and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(2019328).
文摘Coronavirus(CoV)spillover originating from game animals,particularly pangolins,is currently a significant concern.Meanwhile,vigilance is urgently needed for coronaviruses carried by bats,which are known as natural reservoirs of many coronaviruses.In this study,we collected 729 anal swabs of 20 different bat species from nine locations in Yunnan and Guangdong provinces,southern China,in 2016 and 2017,and described the molecular characteristics and genetic diversity of alphacoronaviruses(αCoVs)and betacoronaviruses(βCoVs)found in these bats.Using RT-PCR,we identified 58(8.0%)bat CoVs in nine bat species from six locations.Furthermore,using the Illumina platform,we obtained two representative full-length genomes of the bat CoVs,namely TyRo-CoV-162275 and TyRo-CoV-162269.Sequence analysis showed that TyRo-CoV-162275 shared the highest identity with Malayan pangolin(Manis javanica)HKU4-related coronaviruses(MjHKU4r-CoVs)from Guangxi Province,whereas TyRo-CoV-162269 was closely related to HKU33-CoV discovered in a greater bamboo bat(Tylonycteris robustula)from Guizhou Province.Notably,TyRo-CoV-162275 has a putative furin protease cleavage site in its S protein and is likely to utilize human dipeptidyl peptidase-4(hDPP4)as a cell-entry receptor,similar to MERSCoV.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report of a bat HKU4r-CoV strain containing a furin protease cleavage site.These findings expand our understanding of coronavirus geographic and host distributions.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81290341)Scientific and Technological Basis Special Project(2013FY113500)+1 种基金China Mega-Project for Infectious Disease(2014ZX 10004001-003)from the Minister of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of ChinaUSNIAID(R01AI110964)
文摘Since the 2002–2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) outbreak prompted a search for the natural reservoir of the SARS coronavirus, numerous alpha- and betacoronaviruses have been discovered in bats around the world. Bats are likely the natural reservoir of alpha- and betacoronaviruses, and due to the rich diversity and global distribution of bats, the number of bat coronaviruses will likely increase. We conducted a surveillance of coronaviruses in bats in an abandoned mineshaft in Mojiang County, Yunnan Province, China, from 2012–2013. Six bat species were frequently detected in the cave: Rhinolophus sinicus, Rhinolophus affinis, Hipposideros pomona, Miniopterus schreibersii, Miniopterus fuliginosus, and Miniopterus fuscus. By sequencing PCR products of the coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene(Rd Rp), we found a high frequency of infection by a diverse group of coronaviruses in different bat species in the mineshaft. Sequenced partial Rd Rp fragments had 80%–99% nucleic acid sequence identity with well-characterized Alphacoronavirus species, including Bt CoV HKU2, Bt CoV HKU8, and Bt CoV1,and unassigned species Bt CoV HKU7 and Bt CoV HKU10. Additionally, the surveillance identified two unclassified betacoronaviruses, one new strain of SARS-like coronavirus, and one potentially new betacoronavirus species. Furthermore, coronavirus co-infection was detected in all six bat species, a phenomenon that fosters recombination and promotes the emergence of novel virus strains. Our findings highlight the importance of bats as natural reservoirs of coronaviruses and the potentially zoonotic source of viral pathogens.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1200202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81290342,81461168030)+3 种基金the Major Special Projects for Infectious Disease Research of China(2016ZX10004222-003)China National Grand S&T Special Project(2014ZX10004-001-006)supported by CAS-TWAS President’s Fellowship of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS)and The World Academy of Sciences(TWAS)a leading principle investigator of the NSFC Innovative Research Group(81621091)
文摘Bats are connected with the increasing numbers of emerging and re-emerging viruses that may break the species barrier and spread into the human population. Coronaviruses are one of the most common viruses discovered in bats, which were considered as the natural source of recent human-susceptible coronaviruses, i.e. SARS-COV and MERS-CoV. Our previous study reported the discovery of a bat-derived putative cross-family recombinant coronavirus with a reovirus gene p10, named as Ro-BatCoV GCCDC1. In this report, through a two-year follow-up of a special bat population in one specific cave of south China, we illustrate that Ro-BatCoV GCCDC1 persistently circulates among bats. Notably, through the longitudinal observation, we identified the dynamic evolution of Ro-BatCoV GCCDC1 in bats represented by continuously recombination events. Our study provides the first glimpse of the virus evolution in one longitudinally observed bat population cohort and underlines the surveillance and pre-warning of potential interspecies transmittable viruses in bats.
基金This study was approved by Wuhan University School of Health Sciences Medical Ethics Committee,Institutional Review Board Administration of University of California,Davis(No.804522-6)Hummingbird IRB(No.2014-23)+1 种基金This work was supported by the United States Agency for International Development(USAID)Emerging Pandemic Threats PREDICT project[Cooperative Agreement No.AID-OAA-A-14-00102]the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health[Award No.R01AI110964].
文摘Human interaction with animals has been implicated as a primary risk factor for several high impact zoonoses,including many bat-origin viral diseases.However the animal-to-human spillover events that lead to emerging diseases are rarely observed or clinically examined,and the link between specific interactions and spillover risk is poorly understood.To investigate this phenomenon,we conducted biological-behavioral surveillance among rural residents in Yunnan,Guangxi,and Guangdong districts of Southern China,where we have identified a number of SARS-related coronaviruses in bats.Serum samples were tested for four bat-borne coronaviruses using newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA).Survey data were used to characterize associations between human-animal contact and bat coronavirus spillover risk.A total of 1,596 residents were enrolled in the study from 2015 to 2017.Nine participants(0.6%)tested positive for bat coronaviruses.265(17%)participants reported severe acute respiratory infections(SARI)and/or influenza-like illness(ILI)symptoms in the past year,which were associated with poultry,carnivore,rodent/shrew,or bat contact,with variability by family income and district of residence.This study provides serological evidence of bat coronavirus spillover in rural communities in Southern China.The low seroprevalence observed in this study suggests that bat coronavirus spillover is a rare event.Nonetheless,this study highlights associations between human-animal interaction and zoonotic spillover risk.These findings can be used to support targeted biological behavioral surveillance in high-risk geographic areas in order to reduce the risk of zoonotic disease emergence.
基金supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China (IRT13007)the National S&T Major Project “China Mega-Project for Infectious Disease” (2011ZX10004-001, 2014ZX10004001) from China+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81501773)the PUMC Youth Fund and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3332015095, 3332015006)
文摘Coronaviruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, pose significant public health threats. Bats have been suggested to act as natural reservoirs for both these viruses, and periodic monitoring of coronaviruses in bats may thus provide important clues about emergent infectious viruses. The Eastern bent-wing bat Miniopterus fuliginosus is distributed extensively throughout China. We therefore analyzed the genetic diversity of coronaviruses in samples of M. fuliginosus collected from nine Chinese provinces during 2011–2013. The only coronavirus genus found was Alphacoronavirus. We established six complete and five partial genomic sequences of alphacoronaviruses, which revealed that they could be divided into two distinct lineages, with close relationships to coronaviruses in Miniopterus magnater and Miniopterus pusillus. Recombination was confirmed by detecting putative breakpoints of Lineage 1 coronaviruses in M. fuliginosus and M. pusillus(Wu et al., 2015), which supported the results of topological and phylogenetic analyses. The established alphacoronavirus genome sequences showed high similarity to other alphacoronaviruses found in other Miniopterus species, suggesting that their transmission in different Miniopterus species may provide opportunities for recombination with different alphacoronaviruses. The genetic information for these novel alphacoronaviruses will improve our understanding of the evolution and genetic diversity of coronaviruses, with potentially important implications for the transmission of human diseases.
文摘We miscalculated identities of several genes, and the corrected Table 1 should be as follows:a、 This table demonstrates identities of 2019-nCoV WIV04 (GenBank Accession No. MN996528.1) compared with bat SARSr-CoV RaTG13 (GenBank Accession No. MN996532.1) and SARS-CoV BJ01 (GenBank Accession No. AY278488.2).
文摘Emergent coronaviruses(CoVs)such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have posed great threats to public health worldwide over the past two decades.Currently,the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 as a pandemic causes greater public health concern.CoV diversity is due to the large size and replication mechanisms of the genomes together with having bats as their optimum natural hosts.The ecological behavior and unique immune characteristics of bats are optimal for the homologous recombination of CoVs.The relationship of spatial structural characteristics of the spike protein,a protein that is critical for recognition by host receptors,in different CoVs may provide evidence in explaining the coevolution of CoVs and their hosts.This information may help to enhance our understanding of CoV evolution and thus provide part of the basis of preparations for any future outbreaks.
文摘目的:在昆虫细胞表达系统中表达蝙蝠SARS样冠状病毒Spike蛋白的受体结合域,并探讨其表达动力学和纯化条件。方法:以PCR扩增蝙蝠SARS样冠状病毒Spike基因的受体结合域片段,产物连接到pMD-T载体,再亚克隆至供体质粒pFAST-HTB,经序列测定确认基因正确克隆,进一步将其转座入Bacmid中,在昆虫细胞Sf9中进行表达,采用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting对表达产物进行分析,并通过镍离子螯合树脂纯化重组蛋白。结果:在昆虫细胞表达系统中表达出蝙蝠SARS样冠状病毒Spike蛋白的受体结合域片段,当感染复数(multiplicity of infectiin,MOI)为2时,重组病毒感染细胞56 h后,重组蛋白的表达量达到峰值。结论:蝙蝠SARS样冠状病毒Spike蛋白的受体结合域片段在昆虫细胞表达系统中得到了有效表达,并可通过镍离子螯合树脂纯化重组蛋白。