Numerical modelling of sand beach evolution around coastal structures

A systematic study of waves, nearshore currents and sediment transport related to the coastal evolution of sand beach under the action of wave, has been carried out. On the basis of the re sults, a numerical model of sand beach evolution around coastal structures has been established. To pre dict the bed topography, the sediment transport rates of bedload and suspended load under the action of wave and nearshore current as well as the effects of wave on the sediment are considered. The sand beach evolutions caused by a breakwater and a settled ship near the shore are simulated.

Control in Beach and Dune Sands of the Gulf of Mexico and the Role of Nearby Rivers

A sedimentological, petrographic, and geochemical study of beach, dune, and river sands was carried out along the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. The main goal of this work is to show how beach and dune sands are controlled texturally, compositionally, and chemically by the nearby rivers for each beach location using a particle size analyser, a polarized microscope, a X-ray fluorescence and ICP mass spectrometer to obtain the following: grain-size values from one river (Carrizal River) are similar in range to their counterpart beach sands but not similar to the dune sands (Barra del Tordo). Rivers (Panuco and Carrizal) are compositionally controlling the quartz and feldspar contents of their counterpart beach and dune sands (i.e., Playa Miramar and Barra del Tordo). Rivers (Soto La Marina River) are directly influencing the composition of the beach sands (La Pesca) based upon the total quartz content, beach and dune sands. The concentration of magnetite grain fractions (Barra del Tordo beach and dune sands) is not under the influence of the nearby river (Carrizal River). In this case the compositional influence of beach and dune sands is related to sediment discharges by other fluvial systems, redistribution of the beach and dune sands along the coast and deflation/winnowing of light minerals. The Eu positive anomaly in the beach and dune sands from the three sites (i.e. Playa Miramar, Barra del Tordo, La Pesca) is linked to an increase in the P(plagioclase)/K(potash feldspar) ratio. The (La/Lu)cn highest ratio for river sands (Carrizal River) suggests quartz enrichment compared to their beach and dune sands counterparts. The (Gd/Yb)cn ratio for one river (i.e., Carrizal River) indicates that it is low in heavy rare earth elements. HREE compared to their beach and dune sands counterparts indicates less concentration of heavy minerals as potential carriers of HREE seawards.

A Numerical Model of Coastal Processes of Sand Beaches Based on Long-Term Wave Series

A numerical model of shoreline change of sand beaches based on long-term field wave data is proposed, the explicit and implicit finite difference forms of the model are described, and an application of the model is presented. Results of the application indicate that the model is sensitive to the order of the input wave data, and that the effects of long-term wave series and the effects of the mean annual wave conditions on the model are different. Instead of a single wave condition, the wave series will make the calibration and the verification of the model more practical and the results of the model more reasonable.

Beneficiation and Characterization of Detrital Zircons from Beach Sand and Red Sediments in India

This paper deals with the recovery of zircon minerals from beach sand and red sediments of bad land topography and flow sheets with material balance are suggested. The experimental data reveal that the total heavy mineral content of red sediment sample is 43.9% in which zircon mineral concentrate is 2.75% by weight, where as for beach-dune sand sample the THM content is 16.7% in which zircon mineral concentrate is 0.16% by weight. It is found that U and Th and REE elements contents are much higher in red sediment zircon sample than beach sand zircon. Zircon concentrates recovered from beach-dune sand and red sediments contain 98 to 98.1% zircon with 79.6 to 80% recovery respectively. These zircon minerals from both the sources are suitable for industrial applications.

Modelling Natural Radioactivity in Sand Beaches of Guarapari,Espírito Santo State,Brazil

Using gamma-ray spectrometry, the activity concentration of naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 212Pb, 214Pb, 232Th, and 40K was determined in sand beaches samples from different areas in Guarapari, Espírito Santo state, from Brazil. The absorbed dose rates and annual effective dose were calculated and the results were compared with the internationally accepted values as well as others high background radiation areas (HBRAs). The activity concentration of the 232Th in Areia Preta as well as the absorbed dose rates and annual effective dose were higher than the others regions compared. The results show that Areia Preta in Guarapari has higher background found in beaches in world. This work is part of a research project for the natural background determination of the Brazilian coast.

Study of Magnetite Crystal Structure Extracted from Local Sands of Tegal Lenga Beach

Magnetite (Fe3O4) crystals have been synthesized from the natural iron sands of Tegal Lenga Beach with HCl (37%) as a solvent. Tegal Lenga Beach is a stretch of beach located in Kalisada Village, Seririt District, Buleleng Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. Iron sand samples were obtained by extracting local natural sand from Tegal Lenga Beach by magnetic separation method. The iron sand sample was ground with agate mortar for 15 hours, then washed and rinsed with deionized water (DI water). Furthermore, the fine powder sample of iron sand was dried on a hotplate at a temperature of 80˚C until all the water had evaporated. Eighty grams of fine iron sand powder dissolved in 200 mL HCl (37%) while stirring with a hot plate magnetic stirrer at a temperature of 100˚C with a rotating speed of 600 rpm for 30 minutes. This solution was filtered through Wattman filter paper No. 42;then the filtrate was dried using a hot plate at a temperature of 100˚C to form a crust. This crust is then ground in an agate mortar until it becomes a fine powder of iron sand. Furthermore, the iron sand fine powder filtrate sample was divided into four equal parts which were then calcined at temperatures of 300˚C, 400˚C, 450˚C, and 500˚C for 30 minutes, respectively. It was found that the fine powder of iron sand from the natural sand of the Tegal Lenga Beach consisted mostly of 84.26% metal oxide magnetite. The synthesized magnetite crystal has a tetrahedral structure with lattice parameters of a = b = (5.927 ± 0.0180) Åand c = (16.774 ± 0.0145) Å. Magnetite crystals have granular and lumpy grains with an average grain size of (94,560 ± 10,1397) μm. In relation to the values obtained from the hysteresis curve, namely the remanent magnetization of 9.6672 emu/gr, saturation magnetization of 45.3491 emu/gr, coercive magnetic field strength of 0.0242 T, and saturation magnetic field strength of 0, 2938 T, then this magnetite crystal is classified as a weak ferromagnetic material.

Fungi Associated with Sand and Plants from Marine Coastlines: Potential Relevance for Human Health

The fungal community associated with beach sand and plants located along marine coasts are an under-studied area of research despite its potential relevance to human health. In this study, we isolated and identified the cultivable mycobiota associated with sand and plants collected along the coast of Gran Canaria (Spain) using culture-dependent and -independent methods. Clinically relevant species belonging to Cryptococcus spp. and related genera such as Naganishia and Papilotrema were isolated and identified from shoreline plants. Moreover, Candida tropicalis was isolated from beach sand, and Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus terreus strains were associated with both types of samples (i.e., plants and beach sand). We conclude that beach sand and shoreline plants are potential reservoirs of fungi of high clinical interest. We recommend including beach sand and plants from the environment when assessing the quality of marine coastal systems. Our results open a framework for studying the natural marine environment and its role in the epidemiology of infectious diseases in order to more accurately manage public health.

Spatial Variations in Particle Size,Heavy Mineral Assemblage and Magnetic Concentration of Dark-reddish Sands on Cedar Beach,Western Lake Erie,Ontario,Canada

Environmental magnetic research on beaches and shoreline processes is limited.Therefore,we carried out environmental magnetic studies on the heavy mineral-enriched,dark-reddish sands on Cedar Beach of western Lake Erie(41.68°N,82.40°W).Magnetite has been identified as the dominant magnetic mineral of these sands.This study reveals a spatial variation in concentration of magnetite particles,distribution of

荷兰人工育滩工程Sand Motor的经验与启示

海岸侵蚀已成为砂质海岸重要灾害之一,世界各国都致力于海滩防护。荷兰由于地势低洼,在护滩工程中进行大量尝试,于2011年在代尔夫兰海岸开展创新性人工育滩工程即Sand Motor,单个工程补沙总量达2.15×107 m3。持续监测结果显示,工程建成后的沙滩形态与模拟结果基本吻合,沙量损失速度低于预期。阶段性评价结果表明,Sand Motor通过波浪、海流等向海滩缓慢输沙,稳定海岸沙滩和海岸沙丘,具有防护效果显著、成本较低、使用寿命长、增加海岸利用等优点,值得我国借鉴。

Beach Morphology and Coastline Evolution in the Southern Bohai Strait

The beach studied in this paper spans a length of 51 km and is one of several long sandy beaches in the southern Bohai Strait. Due to the obstruction of islands in the northeast and the influence of the underwater topography, the wave environment in the offshore area is complex; beach types and sediment transport characteristics vary along different coasts. The coastlines extracted from six aerial photographs in different years were compared to demonstrate the evolving features. Seven typical beach profiles were selected to study the lateral beach variation characteristics. Continuous wind and wave observation data from Beihuangcheng ocean station during 2009 were employed for the hindcast of the local wave environment using a regional spectral wave model. Then the results of the wave hindcast were incorporated into the LITDRIFT model to compute the sediment transport rates and directions along the coasts and analyze the longshore sand movement. The results show that the coastline evolution of sand beaches in the southern Bohai Strait has spatial and temporal variations and the coast can be divided into four typical regions. Region （1）, the north coast of Qimudao, is a slightly eroded and dissipative beach with a large sediment transport rate; Region （II）, the southwest coast of Gangluan Port, is a slightly deposited and dissipative beach with moderate sediment transport rate; Region （III）, in the central area, is a beach that is gradually transformed from a slightly eroded dissipative beach to a moderately or slightly strong eroded bar-trough beach from west to east with a relatively moderate sediment transport rate. Region （IV）, on the east coast, is a strongly eroded and reflective beach with a weak sediment transport rate. The wave conditions exhibit an increasing trend from west to east in the off- shore area. The distribution of the wave-induced current inside the wave breaking region and the littoral sediment transport in the nearshore region exhibit a gradual weakening tendency from west to east, which is opposite to the trend of the wave conditions out- side the breaking region. The presence of submerged shoal （Dengzhou Shoal）, deep trough （Dengzhou Channel）, islands and irregu- lar topography influnces the wave climate, beach types, wave-induced current features, littoral sediment transport trends and coast- line evolution patterns in the southern Bohai Strait. Human activities, such as the sand exploitation of Dengzhou Shoal and other coastal engineering projects, also influence the beach morphology and coastline evolution.

Hospital-Adapted Clonal Complex 17 <i>Enterococcus Faecium</i>Found among Sand Enterococcal Isolates

Though poorly studied, sand is an environment with an extended degree of interaction with man. Enterococcal strains can be found in sand but we do not know to what extent these ubiquitous opportunistic nosocomial pathogens isolated from sand carry antimicrobial resistances and virulence traits. In an attempt to fill in this knowledge gap, two distinct types of sand (beach and children playground) were examined concerning composition in enterococcal species, genetic diversity of isolates and abundance of resistance to antimicrobials and virulence traits. Five different species were found, namely Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus flavescens and Enterococcus casseliflavus. Although genetic diversity was evident, two different E. faecium clones, common to the two types of sand, were detected, suggesting the existence of clones well adapted to this specific environment or from a common source. E. faecium was associated with multiple antibiotic resistances, including to fluoroquinolones and tetracycline that are commonly used by veterinarians and clinicians. Among the multiresistant E. faecium strains from beach sand, two were from sequence type (ST) 442, which belongs to the wide-spread Hospital-adapted clade CC17. They both carried the esp gene and the genomic island associated with CC17. The other virulence factors screened were disseminated among E. faecalis strains, but seldom detected in the other species, evidencing the existence, in these environments, of E. faecalis strains carrying the same virulence factors as the clinical ones. The present work thus stresses the need to follow-up the presence and characterization of enterococcal strains from both beach and children playground sands and of including these environments in the epidemiological global analysis of enterococcal isolates.

Investigating the Temporal Cross-Shore Beach Profile Evolution Using CSHORE on a Sand Beach on West-Central Florida’s Barrier Islands

Predicting the beach response to an extreme storm is important in planning and management of beach environment and helps in hazard control. Coastal dunes and sand beaches provide protection against sea waves and rising water levels to many coastal communities especially during a storm event. Barrier islands along the West of Florida constantly face wave action and when a severe storm is added to the forcing, the islands face severe erosion. In this study, the numerical model CSHORE was applied to predict the short-term cross-shore profile evolution on Sand Key Beach located on the barrier islands west of Florida. The initial beach profile used in the study was measured after a beach nourishment project on the barrier islands. In a few years, the coast experienced severe storms including Hurricane Ian. Beach profiles were measured post the hurricane period and therefore this study investigated how the cross-shore beach profile was affected due to sediment transportation dynamics caused by the climate. Coastal Hazard Systems storm data sets were used as forcings on the beaches to assess the response of the beaches to the conditions. The results were compared to the field measurements taken across transects on the beach cross sections.

胜利油田未动储量开发技术及实践

胜利油田未动储量规模大,是油田后续建产稳产的重要接替阵地。但多年的开发实践证实,这部分储量的整体动用存在很多问题,制约着油藏效益开发和建产。针对这部分油藏品位差、动用难度大和开发效果差的特点,系统梳理了胜利油田未动储量的类型及分布特征,明确了主要的未动储量类型和重点攻关目标。结合近年来在砂砾岩、滩坝砂和深层低渗透稠油等油藏类型方面的开发实践,分析了砂砾岩油藏大斜度井大规模压裂、低渗透滩坝砂油藏压驱和深层低渗透稠油油藏降黏复合压驱等3种主要的未动储量开发技术及实践。长井段大斜度井大规模压裂技术,通过地质工程一体化实现工程甜点与地质甜点的结合,在低品位砂砾岩油层中的应用大幅提高了油藏产能;压驱注水开发技术创新开发理念,实现了低渗透滩坝砂油藏补能增产的突破;降黏复合压驱开发技术通过转变开发思路,实现了深层低渗透稠油油藏效益开发的突破。这3种油藏类型从单井提产、油藏补能和低成本开发等方面实现了未动储量的有效动用,取得了良好的开发效果。开发技术的突破、开发理念的转变是未动储量有效开发的必由之路,对胜利油田其他未动储量的开发具有非常重要的示范和指导意义。

相变储层地震精细描述与厚度预测:以苏北盆地为例

为了完成对相变储层地震精细描述与厚度预测研究,以苏北盆地为例展开研究。苏北盆地三河北滩坝砂储层,随着埋深的增加,地震同相轴由外坡的“单轴”变为中坡“双强轴”再变为内坡的“上强下弱”反射。研究区已钻井20口,储层预测属于小样本案例。如何搞清分相带的机理,并开展分相带的储层描述与预测,既具有理论研究意义,又有现实的必要性。对于相带划分,首先通过井震关系精细分析,搞清相变的本质:一是盖层、储层沉积厚度有结构性的变化;二是灰质成分分布的变化,两者综合造成同相轴相变;接着,提取研究区过零点个数、能量半时、最大振幅、主频、频带宽度、最小振幅6种典型地震属性,明确了相变分布范围,属性切片支持3个相带的划分;考虑到目的层与上覆盖层很近、常规零相位数据砂体特征不明显,开展压缩感知提频与90°相移目标处理,3个相变带的特征得到进一步明确。针对相变储层的厚度预测,首先采用属性与厚度拟合法进行了不分相带的厚度计算,但结果不理想;改用支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)机器学习方法进行不分相带的厚度预测,预测结果表明SVM方法相对于前面的拟合法效果有所改进;再分别用以上两种方法进行分相带的厚度计算与预测,精度得到进一步提高。可为少井区、复杂相变储层的勘探开发,提供借鉴与参考。

The Probable Cause for Nesting Pattern of Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) at Ramnagar Beach, North East Coast of Andaman Island, India

The nesting behaviour of sea turtles remains a subject to study, due to their enigmatic pattern of seasonal breeding activities. Over a period of time, several reports have been made in this context associated with the nesting behaviour of the Olive Ridley turtles. In the present study, characteristics of the breeding beach and nesting pattern of Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) at Ramnagar along N-E coast of Andaman Islands were investigated, during the nesting periods 2016-2017. The study area hosts Olive Ridley, the dominant sea turtles with more than 300 individuals nesting each year. For this study, the number of sea turtles visited, nested, the sediment characters, salinity, and temperature were taken. The exposed sandy nesting beach characteristics are prone to varying degrees of morphological changes every day. The results depict that even though similar grain size (Coarse Sand to Fine Sand and Very well sorted to Poorly Sorted), with an ambient incubating temperature, pH and salinity with wide nesting area, the selective nesting in the particular location of the beach identified because of comfortable energy conditions in the waters (1.5 m/s) favours the female turtles to reach the beach at the preferable site of Ramnagar and nest.

淤泥质海岸岬湾沙滩沙泥分界特征及机理

以浙江省淤泥质海岸岬湾沙滩为研究对象,剖析了影响沙泥分界点位置的主要因素和沙泥分界的影响机理,并提出了岬湾沙滩沙泥分界点高程计算公式。结果表明:潮位、滩前波高、沙滩坡度和潮差是影响沙泥分界点位置的主要因素;沙泥分界点深度与滩前1/10大波平均波高和大潮平均潮差呈正相关关系,与沙滩坡度呈负相关关系;沙泥分界点位置呈现季节性变化和年际变化,夏季沙泥分界点位置向海外移且高程下降、冬季分界点向岸上溯,2020年比2019年的沙泥分界点位置呈现向海外移、高程下降的趋势。

波流作用下砂泥复合型海滩砂泥转换带迁移研究

为研究波流耦合作用下复合型海滩砂泥转换带(SMT)的迁移规律,建立了洞头区人工沙滩的多组分泥沙动力地貌概化模型,并采用工程后人工沙滩实测剖面冲淤数据进行了模型验证。通过对比不同水动力条件下沙滩地形变化及沉积物演变,分析了SMT迁移对各水动力条件的响应。模拟结果表明:人工沙滩在拦沙堤和岬角的掩护下滩面普遍呈淤积态势,湾内岸线稳定。然而由于拦沙堤波影区波浪动力削减,造成沙滩滩面泥化,SMT逐渐向岸移动,砂质滩面面积缩小约40%。SMT与潮汐、波浪关系密切,在潮波比值小于25时,SMT相对高程取决于潮汐和波浪的共同作用,与潮差呈正比、与波高呈反比。而在潮波比值大于25时,波浪作用几乎可以忽略,SMT高程取决于平均高潮位。此外,当波浪垂直于岸线时,沙滩泥化程度最低,SMT均匀分布在沙滩-潮滩交界面附近,随着水体含沙量(体积分数)的增加,波浪暴露区域SMT逐渐向岸迁移。

塔里木盆地古城东工区三维地震成像技术及应用

塔里木盆地古城东工区被沙漠覆盖,受松散的厚沙丘结构影响,采集的地震资料叠加了较强能量的沙丘鸣震噪声,导致奥陶系海相礁滩体储集层不能准确成像。针对传统成像方法存在的分辨率低、成像不聚焦等问题,在保真地震资料处理基础上,利用“三步法”沙丘鸣震噪声衰减技术对其进行大幅衰减。采用三维频率空间域叠前随机噪声压制技术提高叠前预处理道集的信噪比,并充分利用垂直地震剖面速度、测井信息、解释层位等资料,开展多信息约束网格层析建模和各向异性逆时偏移。结果表明:沙丘鸣震噪声得到衰减,叠前地震资料信噪比较传统去线性噪声方法明显提高;叠前道集中残余的地震随机噪声得到有效压制,处理后道集的速度谱能量更聚焦,有利于速度模型的精准建立;在高密度地震成像道集基础上,进行反演网格由粗到细逐级细化的深度域模型反演,构建的速度模型能够精细刻画奥陶系海相礁滩体储集层;采用各向异性逆时偏移方法实现了奥陶系海相礁滩体储集层复杂波场的准确归位,提高其分辨率和聚焦度。研究成果支撑了古城东工区G1井侧钻轨迹的优化设计,并得到了实钻验证,可为塔里木盆地沙漠区域同类地震资料的高精度成像处理提供技术支撑。

袋装砂井堆载预压软基处理施工技术

对于海滩深层淤泥软基处理,采用袋装砂井+堆载预压的处理方式。其主要原理是:在软基区域布设钻孔,打设袋装砂井,使淤泥层内的水通过袋装砂井排出,同时预压荷载将下层软基挤密,达到加速沉降使地基提前稳定的目的。软基沉降监测是软基处理方案的重要技术环节。通过不同阶段的数据处理及分析,对堆载土方进行有层次地加载和卸载,既能保证预压效果,又能控制合理的工作量。

沙滩排球运动员“沙感”评价指标体系探析

该研究旨在构建沙滩排球运动员“沙感”评价标准体系,以求进一步评估沙滩排球运动的技艺、战术及心理素质等核心要素,打造一个对运动员“沙感”实施公正评估的机制。对于沙滩排球而言,明确“沙感”的评价指标体系具有重要意义,与此同时,需与运动员、教练员进行沟通,观点采纳后,结论实现需实践佐证,并辅以不断优化,搭建一套全面且实用的评估标准体系。基于此,沙滩排球运动员的培训与发展能够获得可靠引领。