Joint multi-user space time block coding and beamforming via convolutional weighting

A convolutional weighting （CW） scheme applied to a half-wavelength spacing array was proposed for multi-user system to joint STBC （space time block ceding） and beam forming （BF）. The transmitting beam is equivalent to the product of two sub-beams. One is used to realize interference suppression, while the other is employed to form a couple of uncorrelated channels from base station （BS） to the desited user （to meet the requirement of STBC） and to maximize SINR （signal-to-interference-plus noise ratio） at the desired receiver. As an optimum combination of STBC and beam forming, the proposed scheme can achieve both full diversity order of STBC and array gain of BF. Meanwhile, it can also effec- tively restrain multi-user interference by nulling. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the BER （Bit Error Rate） performance and enhance system capacity as compared with the conventional eigen-beamforming （EBF） technique applied to a half-wavelength spacing array.

Forming of Space Charge Wave with Broad Frequency Spectrum in Helical Relativistic Two-Stream Electron Beams

We elaborate a quadratic nonlinear theory of plural interactions of growing space charge wave （SCW） harmonics during the development of the two-stream instability in helical relativistic electron beams. It is found that in helical two-stream electron beams the growth rate of the two-stream instability increases with the beam entrance angle. An SCW with the broad frequency spectrum, in which higher harmonics have higher amplitudes, forms when the frequency of the first SCW harmonic is much less than the critical frequency of the two-stream instability. For helical electron beams the spectrum expands with the increase of the beam entrance angle. Moreover, we obtain that utilizing helical electron beams in multiharmonic two-stream superheterodyne free-electron lasers leads to the improvement of their amplification characteristics, the frequency spectrum broadening in multiharmonic signal generation mode, and the reduction of the overall system dimensions.

HIGH RESOLUTION REAL-TIME MEDICAL IMAGING BASED ON PARALLEL BEAMFORMING TECHNIQUE

Improvement of frame-rate is very important for high quality ultrasound imaging of fast-moving structures.It is also one of the key technologies of Three-Dimension(3-D) real-time medical imaging.In this paper,we have demonstrated a beamforming method which gives imaging frame-rate increment without sacrificing the quality of medical images.By using wider and fewer transmit beams in combination with four narrower parallel receive beams,potentially increasing the imaging frame-rate by a factor four.Through employing full transmit aperture,controlling the mainlobe width,and suppressing sidelobes of angular responses,the inherent gain loss of normal parallel beamfomer can be compensated in the maximal degree.The noise and interference signals also can be suppressed effectively.Finally,we show comparable lateral resolution and contrast of ultrasound images to normal single widow weighting beamformer on simulated phantoms of point targets,cyst and fetus of 12th week.As the computational cost is linear with the number of array elements and the same with Delay And Sum(DAS) beamformers,this method has great ad-vantages of possibility for high frame-rate real-time applications.

Robust Broadband Beam-Forming Based on the Feature of Underwater Target Radiated Noise

To the problem of the unknown underwater target detection, according to the feature that the underwater target radiated noise contains the stable line spectrum, a weighted method based on the main-to-side lobe ratio （MSLR） is proposed for broadband beam-forming. This weighted method can be implemented by using the following steps. Firstly, optimize the spatial spectrum of each frequency unit by the second-order cone programming （SOCP）, and obtain the optimized spatial spectrum with lower side lobe. Secondly, construct weighting factors based on the MSLR of the optimized spatial spectrums to from weight factors. Lastly, cumulate the spatial spectrum of each frequency unit via the weight statistical method of this paper. This method can restrain the disturbance of background noise, enhance the output signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）, and overcome the difficulty of traditional four-dimensional display. The theoretical analysis and simulation results both verify that this method can well enhance the spatial spectrum of line spectrum units, restrain the spatial spectrum of background noise units, and improve the performance of the broadband beam-forming.

An introduction to the riometer system deployed at China-Iceland joint Arctic observatory and its beam-forming correction method based on the preliminary data

The China-Iceland joint Arctic observatory(CIAO)has formally been operating since October 18,2018,and an imaging riometer system was deployed at CIAO in August 2019 for the conjunction observation purpose with the co-located ground-based all sky imager auroral observation system.The features of the riometer and antenna system are presented.The riometer’s beam-forming performance were evaluated with the analysis method introduced in detail.The analysis results showed that the mapping of beams was incorrectly ordered,and the correction has been made.The revised ordering result was reasonably verified and the analysis method was proved to be effective.

Design of 2D-Bootlace Lens with Five Focal Feed for Multiple Beam Forming

Utility of microwave bootlace lens is well established. For broadband and wide scanning network, it is required to op-timize and use features of this lens for better communication and scanning device. This report presents the design of a compact 2D bootlace lens with five focal feed for multiple beam forming. This design will help in reducing phase error and will provide power efficiency and better resolution during target tracking. This design will provide better aperture efficiency and scanning angle.

Modelling and Simulation on the Effect of Hot Forming Damage on Three-Point Bending Performance of Beam Components

The effects of forming damage are analyzed,which occur during hot stamping process,on the load-carrying capacity and failure mode of hot stamped beams.A damage-coupled pre-forming constitutive model was proposed,in which the damage during hot stamping process was introduced into the service response.The constitutive model was applied into the three-point bending simulation of a hot stamped beam,and then the influences of forming damage on the load-carrying capacity and cracks propagation were investigated.The results show that the forming damage reduces the maximum load capacity of the hot stamped beam by 7.5%.It also causes the crack to occur earlier and promotes crack to propagate along the radial direction of the punch.

New Wideband Beam-forming Method Used in Underwater Communication System

A novel wideband beam-forming structure with constant beam width based on complex coefficients (FIR) digital filters used in underwater acoustic communication is proposed. First,the received signals are compensated with integer sampling period by using delay line. Then their complex envelopes are calculated by using frequency shift method. Finally,the envelopes are weighted by using complex coefficients FIR digital filters whose coefficients are optimized. Simulation results show that,in the communication band,the maximum difference between the designed beam and desired beam is less than 0.3 dB when the ratio of communication band to carrier frequency is 0.85.

Performance Enhancement for Adaptive Beam-Forming Application Based Hybrid PSOGSA Algorithm

Recently researchers were interested in hybrid algorithms for optimization problems for several communication systems. In this paper, a novel algorithm based on hybrid PSOGSA technique (combination of Gravitational Search Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization) is presented to enhance the performance analysis of beam-forming for smart antennas systems using N elements for Uniform Circular Array (UCA) geometry. Complex excitations (phases) of the array radiation pattern are optimized using hybrid PSOGSA technique for a set of simultaneously incident signals. Our results have shown tremendous improvement over the previous work was done using Uniform Linear Array (ULA) geometry and standard GSA in terms of normalized array factor and computational speed for normalized fitness values.

The Beam-Forming Technique for Enhancement of Noisy Seismic Refraction Data

We have described a method of obtaining useful information from noisy seismic refraction data. The simple method, tagged beam-forming technique, is based on the basic time-distance equations of refraction seismology. It involves basically of introducing relative time delays to individual seismic traces of seismic refraction spread to correct for the non-coincidence of the incidence seismic energy at different geophones, and averaging the traces to obtain the beam. The assumption here is that the signal is coherent between the geophones while the noise is random, and for groups of geophones corresponding to the same refraction segments of the travel time curve, this basic assumption is valid. The process of beam forming therefore leads to improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and correct determination of the intercept times which are subsequently used to compute other geologic layer parameters. The ability of the applied technique to filter out or minimize random noise has been tested using a modified random number routine. The performance test on computation of geologic layer parameters using very noisy synthetic data reveals that the method is still very reliable even with very poor quality data having SNR as small as 0.05.

Wrinkling prediction in rubber forming of Ti-15-3 alloy

Wrinkling is a common failure in the sheet metal forming of titanium owing to the relatively poor ability to shrink. It is important to predict wrinkling accurately in the sheet metal forming without costly trials. The ABAQUS/Explicit code was utilized to predict the wrinkling behavior in the sheet metal forming of Ti-15-3 alloy sheets. In terms of the comparison of wrinkling behavior between the simulation and experiment of the Fukui＇s conical cup tests at room temperature, the sensitivities of wrinkling simulation to various input parameters were evaluated comprehensively and quantitatively. Prediction of wrinkling and influence of rubber hardness on the winkling behavior in the rubber forming of convex flange were investigated quantitatively and validated by the rubber forming experiments. The excellent agreements between the simulations and the experiments conIirmed the accuracy of the prediction.

Friction coefficient in rubber forming process of Ti-15-3 alloy

The forming limit diagram of Ti-15-3 alloy sheet was constituted at room temperature. The effects of different punch and rubber hardness on the limit principal strain distributions were investigated experimentally. Finite element analysis models of the samples with dimensions of 180 mm×180 mm were established to analyze the friction coefficients of different interfaces. Effects of various friction coefficients on the strain distributions were studied in detail. Finally, the friction coefficients in the cold forming were determined by contrasting the strain results between the experimental data and the simulated ones.

新一代Wi-Fi的新型感知信息压缩方法

通信设备由于和雷达设备的工作存在重叠,也可以实现目标检测。但是传统的通信协议采用显式反馈传输信息,导致采用通信设备检测无法保留感知信息,因此可以对显式反馈的分解流程进行改进,从而在通信的间隙实现对环境目标的感知。在MIMO系统中,波束成型是发射端利用MIMO信道状态信息生成导向矩阵,从而提升接收端接收性能的一种技术。目前显式反馈波束成型是通信中波束成型的主流方式,接收端会对接收到的信道矩阵进行奇异值分解后转换成一系列角度值传回发射端。虽然采用传统的矩阵分解流程获得反馈矩阵可以有效降低反馈的冗余信息量,但是通常会丢失掉通信设备在感知过程中获得的大部分重要信息,从而导致利用Wi-Fi信号进行目标探测的功能受到限制。研究发现对于接收到的信道矩阵利用传统的分解方式获得的反馈矩阵特征向量无法保留目标的距离,速度信息。本文提出了一种新型的分解方式,基于信道矩阵的协方差矩阵,先求解左奇异矩阵,再利用左右两个酉矩阵正交向量的对应关系,进一步求解从而获得改进的右奇异矩阵,所提改进方法保留了目标的距离、速度以及角度信息,极大地提升了有效反馈信息量。最后通过仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性。

装配式冷弯厚壁型钢半刚性梁-柱节点抗震性能试验研究

冷弯型钢在装配式结构中应用具有天然的优势,为了扩展冷弯厚壁型钢结构的使用范围,克服冷弯厚壁钢的缺点,设计6个新型分层装配式“十字型”梁-柱节点,进行循环加载试验,对梁-柱节点的破坏模式、初始刚度、骨架曲线、等效黏滞阻尼系数、能量耗散系数、割线刚度、滞回曲线和关键部位应变分布进行研究,主要得到以下结论:通过螺栓和节点板的滑移,半刚性节点具有一定的耗能能力。增设高强螺栓可以提高梁柱节点的承载力,初始刚度和耗能能力也得到提高,避免梁端与连接板孔壁承压。增加可更换节点翼缘板,对梁-柱节点的破坏模式没有明显影响,承载能力、耗能能力、初始刚度分别得到较大提高。

Microstructure and properties of Al-0.70Fe-0.24Cu alloy conductor prepared by horizontal continuous casting and subsequent continuous extrusion forming

A novel process for manufacturing A1-0.70Fe-0.24Cu alloy conductor was proposed, which includes horizontal continuous casting and subsequent continuous extrusion forming （Conform）. The mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and the compressed creep behaviour of the alloy were studied. The results indicate that the Conform process induces obvious grain refinement, strain-induced precipitation of AI7CuzFe phase and the transformation of crystal orientation distribution. The processed alloy has good comprehensive mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. Moreover, a better creep resistance under the conditions of 90 ~C and 76 MPa is shown compared with pure A1 and annealed copper, and the relationship between primary creep strain and time may comply with the logarithmic law. The enhanced properties are attributed to the grain refinement as well as the fine and homogeneously distributed thermally stable A1Fe and A17Cu2Fe precipitation phases.

冷弯薄壁C型钢-混凝土组合梁抗弯性能试验研究及有限元分析

为探究冷弯薄壁C型钢-混凝土组合梁受弯性能,制作并设计了5个不同断面组合形式的组合梁试件,并对其进行抗弯性能试验研究,分析其承载性能、破坏机理。在试验基础上,通过有限元分析软件ABAQUS对此组合梁进行非线性分析,对其进行参数分析,研究材料、尺寸对组合梁性能的影响。基于试验研究与有限元模拟分析,建立冷弯薄壁C型钢-混凝土组合梁的承载力模型,对其承载力、刚度进行理论分析。结果表明:各组合梁的主要破坏形式均属于延性破坏;采用ABAQUS建立的组合梁有限元模型能较好地模拟冷弯薄壁C型钢-混凝土组合梁的受力过程。随着C型钢屈服强度的增加,极限荷载最高提高56.5%;C型钢厚度每增加1mm,极限荷载平均提高28.5%;截面高度每增加50mm,极限荷载提高20%左右。但是提高混凝土的强度等级对组合梁的承载力影响较小;推导出了适用于此种冷弯薄壁C型钢-混凝土组合梁的抗弯承载力及其刚度计算方法,发现计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。

Superplastic formability of Ti-6Al-4V butt-welded plate by laser beam welding

The superplasticity of Ti-6Al-4V butt-welded plates by laser beam welding(LBW)was studied in virtue of hot tensile tests and superplastic bulging tests.Furthermore,microstructural evolution of weld metal upon superplastic forming was systematically analyzed via metallographical tests and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The relation between the microstructure of weld metal and its superplastic ability was discussed.The experimental results show that Ti-6Al-4V butt-welded plates by LBW possess superplasticity.The maximum elongation is up to 154%and the maximum bulge height can be up to 1.81 times the internal radius of the female die.There is an optimum value of the bulge height for bulging gas pressure.

Unveiling the planar deformation mechanisms for improved formability in pre-twinned AZ31 Mg alloy sheet at warm temperature

To investigate the role of pre-twins in Mg alloy sheets during warm planar deformation,the stretch forming is conducted at 200℃.Results suggest the formability of the pre-twinned AZ31 Mg alloy sheet is enhanced to 11.30 mm.The mechanisms for the improved formability and the deformation behaviors during the planar stretch forming are systematically investigated based on the planar stress states.The Schmid factor for deformation mechanisms are calculated,the results reveal that planar stress states extremely affect the Schmid factor for{10-12}twinning.The detwinning is activated and the prismatic slip is enhanced in the pre-twinned sheet,especially under the planar extension stress state in the outer region.Consequently,the thickness-direction strain is accommodated better.The dynamic recrystallization(DRX)type is continuous DRX(CDRX)regardless of the planar stress state.However,the CDRX degree is greater under the planar extension stress state.Some twin lattices deviate from the perfect{10-12}twinning relation due to the planar compression stress state and the CDRX.The basal texture is weakened when the planar stress state tends to change the texture components.

基于空-频域联合滤波的列车轴承轨旁声学诊断

现有的列车轴承轨旁声学诊断方法多集中在多普勒效应去除、空间滤波器优化等方面,忽视了轨旁环境中存在的大量冲击性噪声及循环平稳性噪声的影响。针对此问题,文中提出了一种波束形成和目标频带选择结合的列车轴箱轴承轨旁声学诊断方法。该方法采用传声器阵列采集列车轴承阵列声信号,通过时域插值重采样方法校正信号畸变,使用波束形成空间域滤波器提取目标轴承方向信号,利用ICS2gram选取最优解调频带并提取带通信号,对带通信号进行包络分析实现轴承诊断。实验结果表明,该方法能够在轨旁声场环境下有效避免冲击性噪声和循环平稳性噪声带来的影响,准确提取目标轴承信号并诊断出轴承故障,相较于现有方法表现出了更好的效果。

轻钢-混凝土组合梁极限承载力研究

轻钢-混凝土组合梁作为冷弯薄壁型钢结构体系中主要的受力构件,应具备良好的受弯性能以保证竖向荷载的有效传递。参照冷弯薄壁型钢-混凝土组合梁的抗弯试验,建立试验试件有限元分析模型,通过与试验结果对比,验证了有限元建模方法的可靠性。基于验证后的有限元模型,对组合梁跨度、楼盖梁跨高比以及楼盖梁高厚比等关键因素进行了变参数分析。结果表明,跨度影响组合梁的破坏模式是受剪控制或是受弯控制的重要因素。在设计组合梁时,建议通过减小跨度、增加楼盖梁高度和厚度的方式来提高组合梁的极限承载能力。