Comparative study on the power scaling performance of three different coherent polarization beam combination system structures

Coherent polarization beam combination （CPBC） is a new kind of coherent beam combination configuration with high combining efficiency and excellent beam quality. In order to extend the CPBC system to a large scale, we provide a comparative study on the power scaling performance of three different coherent polarization beam combination system structures. It is found that the pairwise structure has high tolerance to aberrations and has the potential to extend to a large scale with high combining efficiency. In consideration of all the aberrations, the combining efficiency of the pairwise structure can be attained as high as 90% when the combined beams are more than 200. Some instructive suggestions are given to extend the CPBC system to a large scale.

Propagation properties of off-axis Hermite-cosh-Gaussian beam combinations through a first-order optical system

Based on the Collins integral formula, the analytic expressions of propagation of the coherent and the incoherent off-axis Hermite-cosh-Gaussian （HChG） beam combinations with rectangular symmetry passing through a paraxial first-order optical system are derived, and corresponding numerical examples are given and analysed. The resulting beam quality is discussed in terms of power in the bucket （PIB）. The study suggests that the resulting beam cannot keep the initial intensity shape during the propagation and the beam quality for coherent mode is not always better than that for incoherent mode. Reviewing the numerical simulations of Gaussian, Hermite-Gaussian （HG） and cosh- Gaussian （ChG） beam combinations indicates that the Hermite polynomial exerts a chief influence on the irradiance profile of composite beam and far field power concentration.

Fully Immersing Water-Cooled Radial Slab Laser and its Incoherent Beam Combination

A novel scheme of fully immersing water cooling is proposed for a Nd：glass radial slab laser. The slab medium is entirely immersed in the circulating water Ailing the pumping cavity, which enables much lower temperature and reasonably smaller thermal gradient in the slab medium. The radial slab is symmetrically and synchronously pumped by eight flash lamps, and produces multi-output beams with a total energy of 469md. Incoherent beam combination property of the multi-output beams is also investigated. The approach suggested here provides a way of scaling the slab lasers to much higher output levels and also a convenience for beam combinations.

Coherent beam combination of adaptive fiber laser array with tilt-tip and phase-locking control

We present an experimental study on tilt-tip（TT） and phase-locking（PL） control in a coherent beam combination（CBC） system of adaptive fiber laser array.The TT control is performed using the adaptive fiber-optics collimator（AFOC）,and the PL control is realized by the phase modulator（PM）.Cascaded and simultaneous controls of TT and PL using stochastic parallel gradient descent（SPGD） algorithm are investigated in this paper.Two-fiber-laser-,four-fiber-laser-,and six-fiber-laser-arrays are employed to study the TT and PL control.In the cascaded control system,only one high-speed CMOS camera is used to collect beam data and a computer is used as the controller.In a simultaneous control system one high-speed CMOS camera and one photonic detector（PD） are employed,and a computer and a control circuit based on field programmable gate array（FPGA） are used as the controllers.Experimental results reveal that both cascaded and simultaneous controls of TT using AFOC and PL using PM in fiber laser array are feasible and effective.Cascaded control is more effective in static control situation and simultaneous control can be applied to the dynamic control system directly.The control signals of simultaneous PL and TT disturb each other obviously and TT and PL control may compete with each other,so the control effect is limited.

Incoherent and coherent beam combination for master oscillator/power amplifier system with stimulated Brillouin scattering mirror

In this paper, we studied incoherent and coherent beam combining for the master oscillator/power amplifier （MOPA） system with stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS） mirror. Optic field intensity distributions in the near and far field are numerically calculated for the two kinds of system. The results show that good beam quality in the far field could be obtained. It provides a theoretical basis for experimental research in the future.

Using harmonic beam combining to generate pulse-burst in nonlinear optical laser

The ultrashort lasers working in pulse-burst mode reveal great machining performance in recent years. The number of pulses in bursts effects greatly on the removal rate and roughness. To generate a more equal amplitude of pulses in burst with linear polarization output and time gap adjustable, we propose a new method by the harmonic beam combining(HBC).The beam combining is commonly used in adding pulses into the output beam while maintaining the pulse waveform and beam quality. In the HBC, dichroic mirrors are used to combine laser pulses of fundamental wave(FW) into harmonic wave(HW), and nonlinear crystals are used to convert the FW into HW. Therefore, HBC can add arbitrarily more HW pulses to generate pulse-burst in linear polarization with simple structure. The amplitude of each pulse in bursts can be adjusted the same to increase the stability of the burst, the time gap of each pulse can be adjusted precisely by proper time delay. Because HBC adds pulses sequentially, the peak power density of the burst is the same as each pulse, pulses can be combined without concern of back-conversion which often occurs in high peak power density. In the demonstration, the extendibility of HBC was verified by combining two beams with a third beam. The combined efficiency rates were larger than 99%, and the beam quality of each beam was maintained at M^(2)≈1.4.

Coherent beam combination of two fiber amplifiers with multi-dithering technique

Coherent beam combination of two W-level fiber amplifiers with multi-dithering technique is demonstrated.In the experiment,the master laser is split into two channels.Multi-dithering technique is used for phase control.One channel is modulated with a 100 kHz sine wave produced by signal generator,and DSP lock-in amplifier is used for electric signal processing in the feedback loop.When the phase control loop is off,the far field interference pattern is blurred and dynamic with 20% fringe contrast.When the feedback loop is closed,the far field interference pattern is clear and stable with 72% fringe contrast,and 75% coherent combination efficiency is achieved.

High efciency beam combination of 4.6-μm quantum cascade lasers

The quantum cascade laser(QCL),a potential laser source for mid-infrared applications,has all of the advantages of a semiconductor laser,such as small volume and light weight,and is driven by electric power.However,the optical power of a single QCL is limited by serious self-heating efects.Therefore,beam combination technology is essential to achieve higher laser powers.In this letter,we demonstrate a simple beam combination scheme using two QCLs to extend the output peak power of the lasers to 2.3 W.A high beam combination efciency of 89% and beam quality factor of less than 5 are also achieved.

Beam combination at any angles with a multilayer grating

A scheme for beam combination at any angles employing a specially designed multilayer grating is proposed. Such a grating is able to convert noncoaxial laser beams to coaxial ones, and the combined beams are able to output along the normal line of the grating. The intensity and the phase structure of combined beams call also be controlled. The experiments are carried out by loading all encoded grating on a liquid-crystal spatial light modu- lator. The results agree well with the simulations. This method of beam combination with a multilayer grating serw-s to simplify the complexity of beam combination.

Conceptual design of the Kumgang laser: a high-power coherent beam combination laser using SC-SBS-PCMs towards a Dream laser

In this review paper, we introduce a self-phase controlled stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugate mirror(SCSBS-PCM) and the Kumgang laser. The SC-SBS-PCM was proposed and demonstrated its success at the academic low power level, ~100 mJ@10 Hz. The Kumgang laser is under development to verify whether the SC-SBS-PCM is operable at the k W level. It is a 4 kW beam combination laser combining four 1 k W beams using the SC-SBS-PCM. If the Kumgang laser functions successfully, it will be the most important step towards a Dream laser, a hypothetical laser with unlimited power and a high repetition rate.

Coherent beam combination far-field measuring method based on amplitude modulation and deep learning

A deep convolutional neural network is employed to simultaneously measure the beam-pointing and phase difference of sub-beams from a single far-field interference fringe for coherent beam combining systems.The amplitudes of sub-beams in the measurement path are modulated in order to prevent measuring mistakes caused by the symmetry of beam-pointing.This method is able to measure beam-pointing and phase difference with an RMS accuracy of about 0.2μrad andλ/250,respectively,in a two-beam coherent beam combining system.

Terahertz shaping technology based on coherent beam combining

The generation of terahertz(THz) waves by focusing a femtosecond pulsed laser beam at a distance is able to overcome the strong absorption properties of air and has rapidly attracted the attention of industry. However, the poor directionality of the THz wave radiation generated by this method is not conducive to THz wave applications. By controlling the morphology of the ultrafast laser-excited plasma filament and its electron density distribution through coherent beam combining technology, we achieve direct THz beam shaping and are able to obtain THz wave radiation of Gaussian or arbitrary transverse distribution. The novel experimental approach proposed in this paper opens up the research field of direct THz wave shaping using plasma. Moreover, it innovates multi-parameter convergence algorithms and, by doing so, has the potential to find beam patterns with higher energy conversion efficiency and break the energy limit of THz waves emitted by lasers at high power.

基于混合合束的复合激光系统

采用偏振合束与光谱合束结合的方式,实现了4种近红外激光束的空间合成,包括固体纳秒脉冲激光、高功率连续光纤激光、高重复频率纳秒脉冲光纤激光和亚毫秒(长脉冲)光纤激光。开发了仿真软件对偏振合束器、光谱合束器及各激光器的光谱特征和偏振特性等主要相关参数进行设计优化,基于仿真结果研制了由上述4种激光系统和一套偏振/光谱合束链路构成的复合激光系统。系统的合束效率可达93.9%,实现了近红外波段多种脉冲和连续激光束的共轴发射,该系统可用于研究激光与物质相互作用的合作效应。

可见光波段多路激光合束及闭环校正技术研究

为了实现可见光波段多路不同波长激光的周期性闭环校正,设计了一种具有光束指向和位置偏差独立监测与调节的激光合束系统。首先,根据系统的应用需求,提出了合束系统的设计指标与整体合束方案。然后,在合束方案的基础上,建立了合束系统的光束控制模型,并通过数值仿真得到了合束系统光束控制的解算方法。闭环合束系统通过光束指向和位置监测装置分别实现合束激光指向偏差与位置偏差的独立监测,并根据监测结果进行光束调节装置控制量的解算;进而通过两维摆镜和一维平移台分别实现光束指向和位置偏差的独立高效调节。最后,采用两路不同波长的激光束,配合光束监测与调节装置,搭建了闭环合束模拟实验平台,对周期性闭环合束系统的合束效果进行了验证。实验结果表明:在长时间的工作过程中,两路激光均实现了与基准光路的精密合束,合束指向精度优于±7μrad,位置精度优于±0.84 mm。本研究所组建的激光合束系统不仅具有合束精度高、校正速度快、光路扩展性强的优势,而且可实现激光束的周期性闭环校正,能够有效保证合束激光的长期工作稳定性。

基于组合权重的混凝土梁火灾后的安全评估

对火灾后建(构)筑物进行安全风险评估提供系统的评价体系,可为后期加固方案的制定提供参考依据。文章从混凝土梁的材料参数、作用参数和几何参数等方面选取混凝土强度、混凝土表面颜色、最高温度、受火时间、混凝土裂缝和混凝土脱落6个评价指标,基于组合权重及模糊理论建立了火灾后混凝土梁安全风险评价模型,应用于火灾后某厂房的安全风险评价,并对比分析了规范评价结果。结果表明:运用所建模型评定的损伤等级与规范评定的损伤等级吻合度较高,验证了所建立评价体系的准确性和合理性。

预制UHPC永久模板钢筋混凝土组合梁抗剪性能有限元分析

为了研究预制超高性能混凝土永久模板钢筋混凝土组合梁抗剪性能,选取合适的U型UHPC预制单元本构关系,建立了钢筋混凝土梁的有限元永久模型,并与已有的试验数据进行比较,验证了模型的可靠性,并分析配箍率、剪跨比等参数对超高性能混凝土组合梁抗剪性能的影响。结果显示:超高性能混凝土预制单元可显著提高斜向开裂荷载和极限荷载;预制单元会限制箍筋的作用,所以配箍率对组合梁影响小;剪跨比对组合梁抗剪性能影响大,但是和配箍率一样都会影响其延性。

基于板-梁理论的FGM双轴对称箱形截面组合扭转理论与有限元验证

基于板梁理论研究FGM双轴对称箱形截面组合扭转理论与有限元验证.首先,选取弹性模量变化函数,建立能量变分模型,引入无量纲参数,获得双轴对称箱形截面组合扭转的近似解析解;然后,利用微分方程模型计算双轴对称箱形截面组合扭转的精确解析解,给出微分方程解答;最后,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件进行验证,将本文研究所得解析解和ANSYS有限元分析软件得出的解析解进行对比,对比结果验证了本文理论推导及所给出的自由扭转刚度、约束扭转刚度表达式的正确性.

基于光谱合束的双波长输出Nd:YAG固体激光器

报道了一种基于光谱合束的Nd:YAG固体激光器双波长光源。系统由两个固体Nd:YAG脉冲激光器通过光谱合束组合而成,两个固体Nd:YAG脉冲激光器可独立工作,有利于输出脉冲的波长调谐、功率调节和相对延迟调整。通过光栅的色散特性以及输出镜的共同外腔反馈将各个激光器锁定在不同波长,从而实现合束,获得的激光源中心波长锁定在1 061.5 nm和1 064.6 nm,两谱线中心间距为3.1 nm,组合光束的输出能量为173 mJ,组合光束的光束质量因子M2为2.8×2.2;两个Nd:YAG激光器独立工作的输出能量分别为94 mJ和92 mJ,在合束方向上的光束质量因子M2分别为2.7和2.1,在非合束方向上的光束质量因子M2分别为2.2和1.9;组合光束的输出能量为两个Nd:YAG激光器能量总和的93%,组合光束的光束质量因子与单个Nd:YAG激光束的光束质量因子M2基本相同。该双波长激光源满足波长间隔小、输出功率大小相近、同光轴等要求,在太赫兹波产生、测速激光雷达以及医疗仪器等应用领域具有重要作用。

高能激光系统中不同材料合束镜的热效应分析

为了研究高能激光系统内光路中合束镜受强激光辐射会产生温升和热变形等问题,建立了热仿真的理论模型,采用有限元分析软件分析了不同激光功率辐照下以硅、碳化硅、石英玻璃和微晶玻璃为基底材料的合束镜的温升和热变形,以及极端环境下以石英玻璃、微晶玻璃为基底材料的合束镜的温升和热变形。结果表明,在22℃时,30 kW的单光束激光照射10 s后,4种基底材料中,碳化硅的温度为23.718℃是最低的,微晶玻璃的热形变为0.00115是最小的;30 kW总功率的6个光束激光照射时,微晶玻璃的热形变为0.000399μm,且石英玻璃的热形变比微晶玻璃高出18.8倍;在极端环境下,热形变最小的基底材料也是微晶玻璃;4种基底材料中,微晶玻璃最适合作为高能激光系统中合束镜的基底材料。此研究结果对高能激光系统设计有着一定的实际参考价值。

基于束腰劈裂偏振合束高亮度窄线宽半导体激光器

将一个808 nm宽发射区半导体激光器应用于纵模选择束腰劈裂偏振合束外腔中,实现了高光束质量、高亮度和窄线宽的激光输出。所获激光输出功率为5.08 W,快慢轴光束质量M2=1.85×18.2,慢轴光束质量较自由运转激光器提高48%,输出激光亮度B=22.74 MW·cm^(-2)·sr^(-1),是原激光器自由运转的1.3倍。所获激光光谱线宽为0.47 nm,压缩至原激光器自由运转的光谱宽度的0.14。