Folding beam-type piezoelectric phononic crystal with low-frequency and broad band gap

A folding beam-type piezoelectric phononic crystal model is proposed to isolate vibration. Two piezoelectric bimorphs are joined by two masses as a folding structure to comprise each unit cell of the piezoelectric phononic crystal. Each bimorph is connected independently by a resistive-inductive resonant shunting circuit. The folding structure extends the propagation path of elastic waves, while its structure size remains quite small. Propagation of coupled extension-flexural elastic waves is studied by the classical laminated beam theory and transfer matrix method. The theoretical model is further verified with the finite element method(FEM). The effects of geometrical and circuit parameters on the band gaps are analyzed. With only 4 unit cells, the folding beam-type piezoelectric phononic crystal generates two Bragg band gaps of 369 Hz to1 687 Hz and 2 127 Hz to 4 000 Hz. In addition, between these two Bragg band gaps, a locally resonant band gap is induced by resonant shunting circuits. Appropriate circuit parameters are used to join these two Bragg band gaps by the locally resonant band gap.Thus, a low-frequency and broad band gap of 369 Hz to 4 000 Hz is obtained.

Large deflection of curved elastic beams made of Ludwick type material

The large deflection of an axially extensible curved beam with a rectangular cross-section is investigated. The elastic beam is assumed to satisfy the Euler-Bernoulli postulation and be made of the Ludwick type material. Through reasonably simplified integration, the strain and curvature of the axis of the beam are presented in implicit formulations. The governing equations involving both geometric and material nonlin- earities of the curved beam are derived and solved by the shooting method. When the initial curvature of the beam is zero, the curved beam is degenerated into a straight beam, and the predicted results obtained by the present model are consistent with those in the open literature. Numerical examples are further given for curved cantilever and simply supported beams, and the couplings between elongation and bending are found for the curved beams.

State-space approach to vibration of gold nano-beam induced by ramp type heating

In the nanoscale beam,two effects become domineering.One is the non-Fourier effect in heat conduction and the other is the coupling effect between temperature and strain rate.In the present study,a generalized solution for the generalized thermoelastic vibration of gold nano-beam resonator induced by ramp type heating is developed.The solution takes into account the above two effects.State-space and Laplace transform methods are used to determine the lateral vibration,the temperature,the displacement,the stress and the strain energy of the beam.The effects of the relaxation time and the ramping time parameters have been studied.

Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Zero Lattice-Mismatch InAs/GaSb Type-Ⅱ Superlattice

Type-Ⅱ InAs/GaSb superlattiees made of 13 InAs monolayers （MLs） and 7 GaSb MLs are grown on GaSb substrates by solid source molecular beam epitaxy. To obtain lattice-matched structures, thin InSb layers are inserted between InAs and GaSb layers. We complete a series of experiments to investigate the influence of the InSb deposition time, Ⅴ/Ⅲ beam-equivalent pressure ratio and interruption time between each layer, and then characterize the superlattice （SL） structures with high-resolution x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The optimized growth parameters are applied to grow the 100-period SL structure, resulting in the full-width half-maximum of 29.55 arcsee for the first SL satellite peak and zero lattice-mismatch between the zero-order SL peak and the GaSb substrate peak.

Finite Element Model Updating of Complicated Beam-Type Structures Based on Reduced Super Beam Model

A finite element model updating technique for complicated beam-type structures is presented in this study.Firstly, a complicated beam-type structure is reduced to a reduced super beam model with a much smaller degree of freedom by using the reduced super beam method, which is based on the classic plane cross-section assumption and displacement interpolation function of beam theory.Then based on the reduced super beam, the analysis of eigensolutions and eigensensitivities from the reduced eigenequation are processed for model updating, which will greatly reduce the computational effort when compared to the traditional model updating methods performed on the global model.Optimization techniques are adopted for updating the difference of modal dynamic properties, resulting in optimal values of the structural parameters.Finally, a complicated stiffened cylindrical shell model and a practical missile structure, served as the illustrative examples, are employed for model updating application, which demonstrate that the reduced super beam-based method is both effective and highly efficient.

Vibration of Nano Beam Induced by Ramp Type Heating

The non-Fourier effect in heat conduction and the coupling effect between temperature and strain rate, became the most significant effects in the nano-scale beam. In the present study, a generalized solution for the generalized thermoelastic vibration of a bounded nano-beam resonator induced by ramp type of heating is developed and the solutions take into account the above two effects. The Laplace transforms and direct method are used to determine the lateral vibration, the temperature, the displacement, the stress and the energy of the beam. The effects of the relaxation time and the ramping time parameters have been studied with some comparisons.

Ultrasonic beam focusing characteristics of shear-vertical waves for contact-type linear phased array in solid

We investigate the beam focusing technology of shear-vertical(SV) waves for a contact-type linear phased array to overcome the shortcomings of conventional wedge transducer arrays. The numerical simulation reveals the transient excitation and propagation characteristics of SV waves. It is found that the element size plays an important role in determining the transient radiation directivity of SV waves. The transient beam focusing characteristics of SV waves for various array parameters are deeply studied. It is particularly interesting to see that smaller element width will provide the focused beam of SV waves with higher quality, while larger element width may result in erratic fluctuation of focusing energy around the focal point. There exists a specific range of inter-element spacing for optimum focusing performance. Moreover, good beam focusing performance of SV waves can be achieved only at high steering angles.

Boundary Stabilization of a More General Kirchhoff-Type Beam Equation

Simultaneously, considering the viscous effect of material, damping of medium, geometrical nonlinearity, physical nonlinearity, we set up a more general equation of beam subjected to axial force and external load. We prove the existence and uniqueness of global solutions under non-linear boundary conditions which the model is added one damping mechanism at l end. What is more, we also prove the exponential decay property of the energy of above mentioned system.

A closed form of a kurtosis parameter of a hypergeometric-Gaussian type-Ⅱ beam

Based on the irradiance moment definition and the analytical expression of waveform propagation for hypergeometric- Gaussian type-II beams passing through an ABCD system, the kurtosis parameter is derived analytically and illustrated numerically. The kurtosis parameters of the Gaussian beam, modified Bessel modulated Gaussian beam with quadrature radial and elegant Laguerre-Gaussian beams are obtained by treating them as special cases of the present treatment. The obtained results show that the kurtosis parameter depends on the change of the beam order m and the hollowness parameter p, such as its decrease with increasing m and increase with increasing p.

Mode stability analysis in the beam-wave interaction process for a three-gap Hughes-type coupled cavity chain

Based on space-charge wave theory, the formulae of the beam-wave coupling coefficient and the beam-loaded conductance are given for the beam-wave interaction in an N-gap Hughes-type coupled cavity chain. The ratio of the nonbeam-loaded quality factor of the coupled cavity chain to the beam quality factor is used to determine the stability of the beam-wave interaction. As an example, the stabilities of the beam-wave interaction in a three-gap Hughes-type coupled cavity chain are discussed with the formulae and the CST code for the operations of the 2π, π, and π/2 modes, respectively. The results show that stable operation of the 2π, π, and π/2 modes may all be realized in an extended-interaction klystron with the three-gap Hughes-type coupled cavity chain.

Propagation of Gaussian beams family through a Kerr-type left-handed metamaterial

In this paper the propagation of elegant Hermite-cosh-Gaussian, elegant Laguerre Gaussian, and Bessel Gaussian beams through a Kerr left-handed metamaterial （LHM） slab have been studied. A split-step Fourier method is used to investigate the propagation of laser beams through this media. Numerical simulation shows that Gaussian beams have different focusing behaviors in a Kerr LHM slab with positive or negative nonlinearity. Beam focusing happens in slabs with positive nonlinearity and not in slabs with negative nonlinearity; however, negative nonlinearity is required for a Kerr LHM slab to act like a lens. Additionally, the focusing properties of beams can be controlled by controlling the thickness of the slab or the input power of the incident beam. A multilayer structure is also proposed to have beam focusing by thinner slabs and passing longer distances.

Ⅱ型截面双层组合梁摩擦型螺栓连接节点弯矩分配系数

为探究Ⅱ型截面双层组合梁摩擦型螺栓连接节点翼缘和腹板的弯矩比,通过对3种腹板螺栓布置形式的Ⅱ型截面双层组合梁连接节点接触面滑移特征和力学传递机理的分析,进行Ⅱ型截面组合梁螺栓连接节点弯矩分配系数研究。结果表明:组合梁摩擦型螺栓连接节点滑移和力学传力过程可分为翼缘外接触面未完全滑移和完全滑移以及翼缘内接触面完全滑移3个阶段;组合梁摩擦型螺栓连接节点接触面承担弯矩与无连接板截面弯矩之和等于该梁截面处的理论弯矩,腹板接触面承担的弯矩主要由其上的水平摩擦力承担;摩擦型螺栓连接节点接触面上的摩擦力随节点滑移而重新分配,腹板螺栓布置形式对连接节点弯矩分配系数影响明显;根据推出的组合梁摩擦型螺栓连接节点的弯矩分配系数计算式所得结果与数值模拟结果吻合良好,最大误差为7.13%,该计算可用于优化螺栓连接设计。

疲劳加载历史对型钢再生混凝土黏结性能的影响

型钢再生混凝土结构既可以实现废弃骨料的再生利用,又具有较高的刚度、承载力及良好的抗震性能,是一种兼顾节能环保与结构性能的新型组合结构。为了研究疲劳加载历史对型钢再生混凝土黏结性能的影响,文章设计了梁式试件,并研制了一种带有球铰的梁式加载装置,先对试件进行了以加载频率和应力水平为关键参数的200万次疲劳加载,而后进行静力加载。试验结果表明:试件最终破坏模式为静力荷载作用下的黏结滑移破坏,证明文章的试件设计和加载方案的有效性。经历疲劳加载后,试件的破坏过程与原静力试验相似;型钢应变和滑移沿锚固长度方向上的分布规律与原静力试验相同,均在荷载上升段呈负指数分布,在荷载下降段呈线性分布;一定范围内,增大应力水平和加载速率,试件剩余承载力降低。

不同类型钢纤维UHPC无腹筋梁受剪性能试验

基于单点加载下4根超高性能混凝土无腹筋梁构件受剪破坏试验结果,研究其受剪性能,以钢纤维类型为主要研究参数,分析钢纤维类型对无腹筋梁的受剪承载力、裂缝发展形态、挠度和韧性等发展规律。结果表明:端钩型钢纤维对提高超高性能混凝土无腹筋梁的受剪承载力、阻滞裂缝发展及控制试件变形能力作用优于光滑平直型和波浪型钢纤维,而端钩型Ⅱ钢纤维优于端钩型Ⅰ钢纤维;端钩型Ⅰ和光滑平直型钢纤维增韧效果较好,但分担纵筋拉力较少;波浪型钢纤维分担纵筋拉力较多,提高超高性能混凝土无腹筋梁抗裂性的效果较好,但增韧效果较差。经对比分析,陈璇公式计算值精确度较高,离散程度小。

欧洲标准体系下的城市轨道交通桥梁结构设计分析——在埃及斋月十日城铁路项目中的应用研究

埃及斋月十日城铁路项目作为埃及“首条欧美体系下27.5 kV电气化铁路项目”,是近年来中资企业按照欧美标准及欧美管理体系执行的重点海外轨道交通项目之一,其执行标准、设计流程及技术方案有别于国内一般城市轨道交通项目。本文以桥梁结构设计为背景,首先分析欧洲标准体系下桥梁设计阶段划分、设计的重难点以及相应解决措施,其次梳理桥梁各结构采用的规范和设计原则,最后详细分析本项目桥梁结构的设计内容,包括梁型的确定、简支梁结构体系、预应力箱梁、桥面系、结构计算软件及桥梁美观等,旨在为今后采用欧标的海外桥梁设计提供一定的借鉴及参考。

不同垂直骨面型下颌第一磨牙横向位置差异的CBCT研究

目的:使用锥形束CT(cone beam CT,CBCT)测量不同垂直骨面型下颌第一磨牙生理牙槽骨厚度,评估横向磨牙位置。方法:选取2023年1~10月在合肥市口腔医院正畸二科就诊患者50例,分为高角组、均角组及低角组,术前拍摄CBCT,数据导入配套三维软件进行4个部位不同深度牙槽骨厚度的测量分析。结果:高角患者下颌第一磨牙的骨厚度最小。下颌第一磨牙舌侧骨厚度高于颊侧。下颌第一磨牙釉牙骨质界根方4 mm处近中舌侧牙槽骨厚度高于远中舌侧,近中颊侧牙槽骨厚度与远中颊侧比较差异无统计学意义。下颌第一磨牙釉牙骨质界根方8 mm处远中颊侧牙槽骨厚度高于近中颊侧,近中舌侧的牙槽骨厚度与远中舌侧比较差异无统计学意义。下颌第一磨牙同一测量位点釉牙骨质界根方8 mm的牙槽骨厚度高于根方4 mm的牙槽骨厚度。结论:不同的垂直骨面型、测量部位、测量深度、牙齿解剖形态都会反映出下颌第一磨牙在牙槽骨中横向位置的差异。

带非对称摩擦连接的RCS梁柱节点抗震性能与构造参数研究

基于非对称摩擦连接(AFC)的耗能特点,提出了一种新型的钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁(RCS)梁柱节点,对3组采用AFC连接的RCS梁柱节点进行往复加载试验,考虑了螺栓预紧力、摩擦垫片材料等构造因素对节点抗震性能的影响.结果表明:3组带摩擦连接RCS试件均为梁铰机制破坏,满足“强节点,弱构件”的抗震设计要求;3组试件的滞回曲线具有明显的双平台耗能,滞回曲线饱满稳定,有利于实现两阶抗震设防目标;耐磨钢材料与黄铜材料的两组试件的承载力相近,滞回曲线特征相似,都具有良好的耗能能力;随着螺栓预紧力的增加,试件获得的承载力、刚度也随之大,耗能能力得到了提升,在实际应用中,可通过合理控制预紧力来满足预期所需的滑移荷载与耗能能力.

一种双简支―悬臂梁反共振隔振器设计分析与试验

[目的]为探究三元件型反共振隔振器的实现形式,提出一种由一根悬臂端含质量块的双简支-悬臂梁与一根双支撑梁所组成的机械装置(BAVI)。[方法]首先,分析双简支-悬臂梁的动态特性,推导其阻抗方程;然后,根据驱动点阻抗函数综合其低阶模型是单惯容与单弹簧二元件的串联结构,并解析低阶模型的等效参数;最后,通过装置试件设计与试验,验证其反共振特性和理论方法有效性,并在此基础上分析装置刚度特性及不同阻尼形式的效果。[结果]结果表明,当跨度比共振隔振器结构,具有“高静低动”刚度特性;在双简支-悬臂梁上采取阻尼措施后,可实现隔振区传递率以最大速率衰减的同时抑制共振峰的效果。[结论]所提机械装置证明了三元件型反共振隔振器的可实现性,提供了一种简易可行的工程结构。

涉水高墩现浇箱梁支撑体系的承载能力分析和方案优化

混凝土现浇梁支架虽然属于临时结构,但仍具有承载功能,而且随着桥梁工程的发展,高大支架的受力也越来越复杂,传统的结构力学手算方法已无法全面反映和权衡特殊体型、特殊部位和特殊工况的受力情况。为保证工程的顺利开展,需采用数值方法进行整体承载力计算和方案设计。该文采用Midas/Civil有限元软件,从强度、刚度、稳定性和经济性(用钢量)等方面综合评价满堂支撑、梁式支撑体系的安全性能和通用性。结果表明:(1)满堂支撑虽然施工简单,用钢量小,下部支撑杆系较多,受力均匀,变形小,最大挠度仅为2.82 mm,但是强度和稳定性不及梁式支撑,对场地要求还高。当应用于高大桥梁时,需整体进行屈曲分析,谨防结构失稳破坏;(2)梁式支撑虽然不会发生强度和失稳性破坏,对场地和地基基本没有要求。但是其用钢量高、施工难度也大,并且因跨中缺乏竖向支撑,变形有所增加。因此,在应用于“预拱度”要求较高的复杂桥梁工程中时,需进行找形分析;(3)在力学指标均达标的前提下,可以适当调整贝雷梁横向净距或下弦杆加强等措施,以获取经济性。以该文案例工程为例,贝雷梁净距由80 cm调整到100cm,可以节省约10%的用钢量。

环境温度对混凝土梁式桥频率的影响研究

现有关于环境温度影响桥梁自振频率特性的研究通常针对特定桥梁,其通用性受到了一定的限制.鉴于混凝土梁式桥是应用最广泛的桥梁类型,本文从自振频率解析解出发,推导了混凝土梁式桥自振频率和温度关系的通用迭代计算公式,并通过数值算例和环境耦合箱模型试验进行验证.结果表明:环境温度对桥梁自振频率的影响不可忽视,所提出的桥梁自振频率迭代计算公式能有效考虑环境温度的影响,可用于计算实际温度作用下的混凝土梁式桥的频率.