Bi-directional interaction of joint shear strength in non-seismically designed corner RC beam-column connections under seismic loading

Non-seismically designed(NSD)beam-column joints are susceptible to joint shear failure under seismic loads.Although significant research is available on the seismic behavior of such joints of planar frames,the information on the seismic behavior of joints of space frames(3D joints)is insufficient.The 3D joints are subjected to bi-directional excitation,which results in an interaction between the shear strength obtained for the joint in the two orthogonal directions separately.The bi-directional seismic behavior of corner reinforced concrete(RC)joints is the focus of this study.First,a detailed finite element(FE)model using the FE software Abaqus,is developed and validated using the test results from the literature.The validated modeling procedure is used to conduct a parametric study to investigate the influence of different parameters such as concrete strength,dimensions of main and transverse beams framing into the joint,presence or absence of a slab,axial load ratio and loading direction on the seismic behavior of joints.By subjecting the models to different combinations of loads on the beams along perpendicular directions,the interaction of the joint shear strength in two orthogonal directions is studied.The comparison of the interaction curves of the joints obtained from the numerical study with a quadratic(circular)interaction curve indicates that in a majority of cases,the quadratic interaction model can represent the strength interaction diagrams of RC beam to column connections with governing joint shear failure reasonably well.

Seismic performance of interior precast concrete beam-column connections with T-section steel inserts under cyclic loading

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the performance of precast beam-column concrete connections using T-section steel inserts into the concrete beam and joint core,under reversed cyclic loading.Six 2/3-scale interior beam-column subassemblies,one monolithic concrete specimen and five precast concrete specimens were tested.One precast specimen was a simple connection for a gravity load resistant design.Other precast specimens were developed with different attributes to improve their seismic performance.The test results showed that the performance of the monolithic specimen M1 represented ductile seismic behavior.Failure of columns and joints could be prevented,and the failure of the frame occurred at the flexural plastic hinge formation at the beam ends,close to the column faces.For the precast specimens,the splitting crack along the longitudinal lapped splice was a major failure.The precast P5 specimen with double steel T-section inserts showed better seismic performance compared to the other precast models.However,the dowel bars connected to the steel inserts were too short to develop a bond.The design of the precast concrete beams with lap splice is needed for longer lap lengths and should be done at the beam mid span or at the low flexural stress region.

Joint Allocation of Computing and Connectivity Resources in Survivable Inter-Datacenter Elastic Optical Networks

Inter-datacenter elastic optical networks(EON)need to provide the service for the requests of cloud computing that require not only connectivity and computing resources but also network survivability.In this paper,to realize joint allocation of computing and connectivity resources in survivable inter-datacenter EONs,a survivable routing,modulation level,spectrum,and computing resource allocation algorithm(SRMLSCRA)algorithm and three datacenter selection strategies,i.e.Computing Resource First(CRF),Shortest Path First(SPF)and Random Destination(RD),are proposed for different scenarios.Unicast and manycast are applied to the communication of computing requests,and the routing strategies are calculated respectively.Simulation results show that SRMLCRA-CRF can serve the largest amount of protected computing tasks,and the requested calculation blocking probability is reduced by 29.2%,28.3%and 30.5%compared with SRMLSCRA-SPF,SRMLSCRA-RD and the benchmark EPS-RMSA algorithms respectively.Therefore,it is more applicable to the networks with huge calculations.Besides,SRMLSCRA-SPF consumes the least spectrum,thereby exhibiting its suitability for scenarios where the amount of calculation is small and communication resources are scarce.The results demonstrate that the proposed methods realize the joint allocation of computing and connectivity resources,and could provide efficient protection for services under single-link failure and occupy less spectrum.

Influence of the column-to-beam flexural strength ratio on the failure mode of beam-column connections in RC frames

The column-to-beam flexural strength ratio(CBFSR)has been used in many seismic codes to achieve the strong column-weak beam(SCWB)failure mode in reinforced concrete(RC)frames,in which plastic hinges appear earlier in beams than in columns.However,seismic investigations show that the required limit of CBFSR in seismic codes usually cannot achieve the SCWB failure mode under strong earthquakes.This study investigates the failure modes of RC frames with different CBFSRs.Nine typical three-story RC frame models with different CBFSRs are designed in accordance with Chinese seismic codes.The seismic responses and failure modes of the frames are investigated through time-history analyses using 100 ground motion records.The results show that the required limit of the CBFSR that guarantees the SCWB failure mode depends on the beam-column connection type and the seismic intensity,and different types of beam-column connections exhibit different failure modes even though they are designed with the same CBFSR.Recommended CBFSRs are proposed for achieving the designed SCWB failure mode for different types of connections in RC frames under different seismic intensities.These results may provide some reference for further revisions of the SCWB design criterion in Chinese seismic codes.

Analytical Investigation into the Rotational Performance of Glulam Bolted Beam-Column Connections under Coupled Bending Moment and Shear Force

Considering the glulam beam-column connection form and the number of bolts,monotonic loading test and finite element analysis was carried out on 9 connection specimens in 3 groups to study the rotational performance and failure mode of the connection.The test results revealed that compared with U-shaped connectors,T-shaped connectors can effectively improve the ductility of connections,and the increase in the number of bolts can reduce the initial stiffness and ductility of connections.By theoretical analysis,formulas for calculating the initial stiffness and ultimate moment of connections were deduced.Subsequently,the moment-rotation theoretical model of connections was established based on the formulas,which were validated according to the test data and simulation results.The proposed model can not only improve the current theoretical system of heavy-duty glulam beam-column structure but also provide a theoretical basis for calculating the mechanical properties of the glulam beam-column connection.

Cyclic Shear Tests on Key Connection Joints of Modularized Constructions

Modularized construction is a new type of prefabricated building system with green environmental protection and excellent performance. There are few studies on the seismic performance of its key connection joint. This paper presents a new type of assembled connection joint for the high-rise modularized construction. Cyclic shear tests of full-scale joints were carried out, and the key indexes of their seismic performances including the hysteretic performance, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity were analyzed and obtained. The results show that the hysteresis loops of longitudinal and lateral cyclic shear tests were both plump in shapes. The ductility coefficients were 4.54 and 4.98, and the energy dissipation coefficients were 1.83 and 1.43, respectively. The test joint had good ductility and energy dissipation capacity. The positions of yield failure of specimens were mainly concentrated in the connection areas between the column and short beam or end-plate. The research can provide the technical reference for the seismic design and engineering application of related modularized constructions.

EFFECT OF Z-PINS’ DIAMETER,SPACING AND OVERLAP LENGTH ON CONNECTING PERFORMANCE OF CMC SINGLE LAP JOINT

The effect of through-thickness reinforcement by composite pins （Z-pins） on the static tensile strength and failure mechanisms of the joints made from ceramic matrix composite （CMC） is investigated. Overlap length of the single lap joint is 15 mm, 20 mm, 23 mm, 37 mm, and 60 mm, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the final failure modes of the joints can be divided into two groups, （a） the bond-line stops debonding until crack encounters Z-pins; and then the adherends break at the location of Z-pins, when overlap length is more than 20 mm; （b） the bond-line detaches entirely and Z-pins are drawn from adherends, when overlap length is equal to 15 mm. A simple efficient computational approach is presented for analyzing the benefit of through-thickness pins for restricting failure in the single lap joints. Here, the mechanics problem is simplified by representing the effect of the pins by tractions acting on the fracture surfaces of the cracked bond-line. The tractions are prescribed as functions of the crack displacement, which are available in simple forms that summarize the complex deformations to a reasonable accuracy. The resulting model can be used to track the evolution of complete failure mechanisms, for example, bond-line initial delamination and ultimate failure associated with Z-pin pullout, ultimate failure of the adherends. The paper simulates connecting performance of the single lap joints with different Z-pins＇ diameter, spacing and overlap length; the numerical results agree with the experimental results; the numerical results indicate enlarging diameter and decreasing spacing of Z-pins are in favor of improving the connecting performance of the joints. By numerical analysis method, the critical overlap length that lies between two final failure modes is between 18 mm and 19 mm, when Z-pins＇ diameter and spacing are 0.4 mm, 5 mm, respectively.

Pushover analysis of reinforced concrete frames considering shear failure at beam-column joints

Since most current seismic capacity evaluations of reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures are implemented by either static pushover analysis （PA） or dynamic time history analysis, with diverse settings of the plastic hinges （PHs） on such main structural components as columns, beams and walls, the complex behavior of shear failure at beam-column joints （BCJs） during major earthquakes is commonly neglected. This study proposes new nonlinear PA procedures that consider shear failure at BCJs and seek to assess the actual damage to RC structures. Based on the specifications of FEMA-356, a simplified joint model composed of two nonlinear cross struts placed diagonally over the location of the plastic hinge is established, allowing a sophisticated PA to be performed. To verify the validity of this method, the analytical results for the capacity curves and the failure mechanism derived from three different full-size RC frames are compared with the experimental measurements. By considering shear failure at BCJs, the proposed nonlinear analytical procedures can be used to estimate the structural behavior of RC frames, including seismic capacity and the progressive failure sequence of joints, in a precise and effective manner.

Seismic Behaviour of Beam-Column Joints of Precast and Partial Steel Reinforced Concrete

A beam-column joint of precast and partial steel reinforced concrete( PPSRC) is proposed for precast reinforced concrete frames. The PPSRC consists of partial steel and reinforced concrete. The partial steel is located in the core joint region and the connections between concrete members. This paper presents an experimental study of a series of PPSRC specimens. These specimens are tested under low cyclic loading.Experimental results demonstrate that the bearing capacity of the PPSRC specimens is 3 times that of the ordinary reinforced concrete( RC) beam-column joints. The strength and stiffness degradation rates are slower compared with that of the RC beam-column joints. In addition,the strength of the core joint region and the connections is higher than other parts of the PPSRC specimens. Beam failure occurs firstly for the PPSRC specimens,followed by column failure and connections failure. The failure of the core joint region occurs finally.Test results show that the seismic performance of the PPSRC is better than that of the ordinary RC beam-column joints.

Connective Tissue Energy Loss Comparison between Joints with and without Hypermobility

Joint hypermobility syndrome is a condition in which a joint can move effortlessly beyond the normal limit of motion expected for that joint. This syndrome is affected by some factors including gender and tends to be inherited. It may cause some symptoms such as pain in an individual’s synovial joints. The objective of the current study was to compare the energy loss of connective tissues between joints with and without hypermobility. A differential equation model, namely the Kelvin-Voigt model, was used for the energy loss analysis. The results show the difference in energy loss for the tissues attached to joints with and without joint hypermobility. As the stiffness of the connective tissue decreases, the energy loss increases. Muscle activity about the ankle was measured via electromyography during simple functional tasks, and the recorded data were used to correlate with the theoretical analysis of the energy loss. The result would shed light on the pathology analysis of the symptoms such as the cause of pain.

Research on BP-ANN Model of Semi-rigid Connection

The beam-to-column semirigid connection in a steel frame structure is represented by a zero-length rotational spring at the end of the beam element. The beam-to-column semirigid connection behavior is represented by its moment-rotation relationship. Several traditional mathematical models have been proposed to fit the moment-rotation curves from the experimental database,but they may be more reliable within certain ranges. In this paper, the intellectualized analytical model is proposed in the semirigid connections for top and seat angles with double web angles using the feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network （BP-ANN） technique. the intellectualized analytical model from experimental results based on BP-ANN is more reliable and it is a better choice to the moment-rotation curves for beam-to-column semirigid connection. The results are found to provide effectiveness to the experimental response that is satisfactory for use in steel structural engineering design.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for the Beam-Column Joint Subjected to Cyclic Loading Was Performed Using ANSYS

This paper analyses the seismic performance of exterior beam-column joints strengthened with unconventional reinforcement detailing. The beam-column joint specimens were tested with reverse cyclic loading applied at the beam end. The samples were divided into two groups based on the joint reinforcement detailing. The first group (Group A) of three non-ductility specimens had joint detailing in accordance with the construction code of practice in India IS456-2000, and the second group (Group B) of three ductility specimens had joint reinforcement detailed as per IS13920-1993, with similar axial load cases as the first group. The experimental studies are proven with the analytical studies carried out by finite element models using ANSYS. The results show that the hysteresis simulation is satisfactory for both un-strengthened and ferrocement strengthened specimens. Furthermore, when ferrocement strengthening is employed, the strengthened beam-column joints exhibit better structural performance than the un-strengthened specimens of about 31.56% and 38.98 for DD-T1 and DD-T2 respectively. The analytical shear strength predictions were in line with the test results reported in the literature, thus adding confidence to the validity of the proposed models.

Connection&Coexistence:United Through Fiber The 11th“From Lausanne to Beijing”International Fiber Art Biennale

On January 16,2021,the 11th“From Lausanne to Beijing”International Fiber Art Biennale opened online.The exhibition was jointly hosted by the China National Arts and Crafts Society and the Academy of Arts&Design,Tsinghua University.It quickly garnered widespread attention from Chinese and foreign mainstream media,gaining over 2 million views worldwide to date.Thanks to the support of the Academy of Arts&Design,Tsinghua University,“From Lausanne to Beijing”has firmly established itself in the global artistic landscape as a Chinese fiber art institution.

MAKE CONCERTED EFFORTS TO BRING OUR HEARTS CLOSER FOR JOINTLY BUILDING BELT AND ROAD KEYNOTE ADDRESS AT THE THEMATIC SESSION ON PEOPLE-TO-PEOPLE CONNECTIVITY, BELT AND ROAD FORUM FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

Distinguished Guests,Ladies and gentlemen,Dear friends,Good afternoon.Let me begin by extending my warmest welcome to all of you to this thematic session on peopleto-people connectivity on behalf of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee,the organizer of this event.Thanks to the concerted efforts

The Launching Ceremony of the Silk Road People-to-People Connectivity Donation Activity"Care for the Future"Held in Yangon

The launching ceremony of the Silk Road Peopleto-People"Connectivity donation activity"Care for the Future was jointly held by China Foundation for Peace and Development and the Myanmar-Chinese Cooperation&Communication Centre in Yangon on January 16.The Yangjin Middle School in Yangon Province of Myanmar received football,volleyball,badminton,notebooks,LED lights and other school utensils and sporting goods.

"Silk Road People-to-People Connectivity"China-Myanmar Friendly Cultural and Educational Exchanges Held inYangon

On January 1Oth,at the invitation of the Yangon University of Foreign Languages for its Cultural Exchanges Week,the China Foundation for Peace and Development and the Myanmar Chinese Cooperation&Communication Centre,jointly organised the"Silk Road People-to-People Connectivity"China-Myanmar Friendly Cultural and Educational Exchange activity.U Soe Thein,Chief Minister of Yangon Province,Zaw Myint,Deputy Minister of Education of Myanmar,and Kyi Shwin,President of Yangon University of Foreign Languages,attended the activity and delivered speeches.

预紧力变化对包带装置轴向连接刚度影响机理分析

为精准计算包带装置的非线性承载能力,通过包带装置各组件间力学行为的分析,提出了一种考虑预紧力变化的装置轴向连接刚度计算方法;建立了考虑结构非线性的精细化有限元模型,并通过拉伸试验验证了有限元模型的准确性。结合有限元模型修正了装置连接刚度的理论计算,基于所建的有限元与理论模型,揭示了包带预紧力分布、变化及初始预紧载荷对装置强度及连接刚度的影响机理。结果表明:刚度计算理论模型可以准确计算装置的轴向连接刚度并预测连接失效载荷,具有重要的工程应用论文拓展价值。

钢板混凝土墙-钢筋混凝土楼板连接节点抗剪性能

模块化技术正在推动新一代核电厂的设计和发展,兼具优良工作性能和工业化施工性能的钢板混凝土(SC)结构在模块化结构具有广泛应用前景。SC墙-RC楼板连接节点作为SC模块结构与RC结构之间的典型传力构件,其结构设计必须既要保证荷载的有效传递,又要考虑模块化施工的可行性。为研究SC墙-RC楼板连接节点抗剪性能,设计并完成了2个“薄墙厚板型”SC墙-RC楼板连接节点循环加载试验,包括GB/T 51340—2018建议的钢筋连接器连接、附加抗剪键等两种连接方式。试验结果表明:在剪跨比1.50下试件均发生RC楼板弯剪破坏,节点主要传力破坏路径为加载端至楼板根部的斜压杆区域,说明节点结合面不配置抗剪键仍满足抗剪要求;试验过程中,直螺纹钢筋套筒无滑脱、未发生钢筋或焊缝拉断,延性系数均大于4,说明钢筋连接器连接的传力性能良好,可作为SC墙-RC楼板连接节点的有效连接方式;该节点核心区仍属于抗剪薄弱区域,若要满足“全强度连接”设计准则,核心区对拉筋体积含钢率应不低于0.59%。

新型浆锚连接方钢管混凝土拼接柱抗震性能试验研究

为进一步提高用于钢-混凝土组合结构的柱构件的装配效率,并改善其抗震性能,降低生产成本,提出一种新型浆锚连接方钢管混凝土拼接柱设计方法。通过对缩尺比例为2的5个拼接柱构件和1个整浇柱构件开展拟静力试验,获得不同配筋率、配筋形式和柱-柱节点拼接部位的新型拼接柱的抗震性能。试验结果表明:新型拼接柱构件在低周期反复荷载下的破坏过程及其形态与整浇柱构件相似,其滞回曲线饱满,耗能能力、抗承载力退化和抵抗变形(刚度)能力均比整浇柱构件更加优良,特别是将柱-柱节点拼接部位设于柱间反弯点区域的P类型构件变形能力最佳,证明了该新型拼接柱设计方法的科学性,并对提高钢-混凝土组合框架结构的整体抗震性能具有应用潜力。

装配式钢结构梁柱连接节点研究进展

装配式建筑既是建筑现代设计理念、构件生产、现场管理革新的重要途径,也是推行组件化理念和智能化转型的重要举措。结合目前国内装配式钢结构梁柱连接节点研究情况,对可恢复式梁柱节点、方钢管柱-桁架梁、带悬臂梁节点、框架体系装配式节点形式的构造和力学性能进行阐述与总结。研究表明,装配式钢结构梁柱具有良好的承载力、延性和抗震性能,但是目前基于装配式节点构造及各参数的研究主要针对二维平面,一定程度上制约了其应用和发展,后续需对节点在火灾作用下的破坏及损伤时序、三维空间结构中楼板与梁柱节点的连接方式和考虑楼板后整体结构的复位机理与刚度变化历程进行进一步研究,为增加新材料、新工艺的应用,推广至实际工程提供理论依据。