Finite element analysis of effect of soil displacement on bearing capacity of single friction pile

Effect of soil displacement on friction single pile in the cases of tunneling,surcharge load and uniform soil movement was discussed in details with finite element method.Lateral displacement of the pile caused by soil displacement reached about 90% of the total displacement,which means that P-Δ effect of axial load can be neglected.The maximum moment of pile decreased from 159 kN·m to 133 kN·m in the case of surcharge load when the axial load increased from 0 to the ultimate load.When deformation of pile caused by soil displacement is large,axial load applied on pile-head plays the role of reducing the maximum bending moment in concrete pile to some extent.When pile is on one side of the tunnel,soil displacements around the pile are all alike,which means that the soil pressures around the pile do not decrease during tunneling.Therefore,Q-s curve of the pile affected by tunneling is very close to that of pile in static loading test.Bearing capacities of piles influenced by surcharge load and uniform soil movement are 2480 kN and 2630 kN,respectively,which are a little greater than that of the pile in static loading test(2400 kN).Soil pressures along pile increase due to surcharge load and uniform soil movement,and so do the shaft resistances along pile,as a result,when rebars in concrete piles are enough,bearing capacity of pile affected by soil displacement increases compared with that of pile in static loading test.

Study of the Bearing Capacity at the Variable Cross-Section of A Riser- Surface Casing Composite Pile

Reducing the cost of offshore platform construction is an urgent issue for marginal oilfield development.The offshore oil well structure includes a riser and a surface casing.The riser,surface casing and oil well cement can be considered special variable cross-section piles.Replacing or partially replacing the steel pipe pile foundation with a variable cross-section pile to provide the required bearing capacity for an offshore oil platform can reduce the cost of foundation construction and improve the economic efficiency of production.In this paper,the finite element analysis method is used to investigate the variable cross-section bearing mode of composite piles composed of a riser and a surface casing in saturated clay under a vertical load.The calculation formula of the bearing capacity at the variable section is derived based on the theory of spherical cavity expansion,the influencing factors of the bearing capacity coefficient N_(c) are revealed,and the calculation method of N_(c) is proposed.By comparing the calculation results with the results of the centrifuge test,the accuracy and applicability of the calculation method are verified.The results show that the riser composite pile has a rigid core in the soil under the variable cross-section,which increases the bearing capacity at the variable cross-section.

Bearing capacity and mechanical behavior of CFG pile composite foundation

CFG pile (i.e., pile constructed by granular materials of cement, fly-ash and gravel) composite foundation is applied in subsoil treatment widely and successfully. In order to have a further study of this kind of subsoil treatment technology, the influencing factors and calculation methods of the vertical bearing capacity of single CFG pile and the CFG pile composite foundation were discussed respectively. And based on the obtained solutions, effects by the cushion and measurements to reduce negative friction area were analyzed. Moreover, the developing law of settlement and bearing capacity eigenvalue controlled by the material strength with the increase of load were given for the CFG composite foundation. The in-situ static load test was tested for CFG pile. The results of test show that the maximum test load or half of the ultimate load is used from all the points of test, the average bearing capacity eigenvalue of single pile is 390 kN, and slightly greater than the design value of bearing capacity. The bearing capacity eigenvalues of composite foundation for 3 piles are greater than 300 kPa, and the mechanical properties of CFG pile composite foundation are almost identical in the case of the same load and cushion thickness. The pile-soil stress ratio and the load-sharing ratio can be adjusted through setting up cushion thickness.

Application of PCC pile in soil improvement of highway

The construction process and load-bearing behaviors of Cast-in-place concrete thin-wall pipe piles are analyzed based on its application on Yantong Expressway Project. The low strain test, static load test and field excavation were also carried out, and the bearing capacity of the new pile can meet the requirements of design. With the increase of pile diameter, the bearing capacity is increased. The settlement of composite foundation is decreased, when the replacement ratio of pile is increased. The test results also show that the load carried by inner soils is neglectable. According to the tests and application, it can be concluded that the new type of pile is convenient to construction with high bearing capacity and reliable quality, which has great potential in practical engineering.

The Effect of Jet Grouting on Enhancing the Lateral Behavior of Piled Raft Foundation in Soft Clay(Numerical Investigation)

Soft clay soils cannot usually support large lateral loads,so clay soils must be improved to increase lateral resistance.The jet grouting method is one of the methods used to improve weak soils.In this paper,a series of 3D finite element studies were conducted using Plaxis 3D software to investigate the lateral behavior of piled rafts in improved soft clay utilizing the jet grouting method.Parametric models were analyzed to explore the influence of the width,depth,and location of the grouted clay on the lateral resistance.Additionally,the effect of vertical loads on the lateral behavior of piled rafts in grouted clay was also investigated.The numerical results indicate that the lateral resistance increases by increasing the dimensions of the jet grouting beneath and around the piled raft.Typical increases in lateral resistance are 11.2%,65%,177%,and 35%for applying jet grouting beside the raft,below the raft,below and around the raft,and grouted strips parallel to lateral loads,respectively.It was also found that increasing the depth of grouted clay enhances lateral resistance up to a certain depth,about 6 to 10 times the pile diameter(6 to 10D).In contrast,the improvement ratio is limited beyond 10D.Furthermore,the results demonstrate that the presence of vertical loads has a significant impact on sideward resistance.

上砂下黏地层中桩-筒复合基础V-H承载特性

海上风机基础不仅受自重等竖向力V作用,也因水流、波浪和风等影响而承受水平荷载H。为探讨上砂下黏地层中一种由单桩和吸力筒组成的新型海上风机桩-筒复合基础受V-H组合作用时的承载特性,自主设计完成了一系列室内桩-筒复合基础V-H组合加载模型试验,获得不同组合参数下桩-筒复合基础的荷载-位移曲线和桩身弯矩分布曲线,并绘制出V-H承载力包络线。在此基础上,采用ABAQUS建立了上砂下黏地层中桩-筒复合基础三维数值分析模型,经模型验证与参数分析,进一步讨论了砂土厚度、筒径、筒高以及加载高度等参数对桩-筒复合基础承载特性的影响曲线,并拟合出桩-筒复合基础承载力简化计算公式,分析结果表明:桩-筒复合基础能显著提高桩身水平承载力,增幅达30%~90%,且增加筒径比增加筒高更有利于提高基础水平承载力;上部砂土层较厚时,桩-筒复合基础存在一个使复合基础水平承载力达到最大的预加竖向荷载最佳值,其值随不同载荷工况在(0.4~0.7)Vult范围内变化。

寒区冻土桩基承载特性研究现状与展望

冻土地区季节性的温度变化、大气升温以及人类工程活动加剧,常引起桩基冻胀融沉、倾斜、混凝土开裂等灾害,造成桩基的承载力降低,给寒区冻土桩基带来新的更大挑战。通过回顾国内外相关文献,对冻土桩基的承载性能目前的研究现状进行了总结。从特殊的冻土性质出发,描述了冻土桩基体系主要的受力形式及其作用特征;从桩–冻土界面力学特性试验及荷载传递机制两个方面,阐述了冻土区桩–土界面力学特性变化机制;从试验研究、理论分析以及数值模拟三个方面,阐明了冻土桩基承载性能变化规律及分析、预测方法;归纳了冻土区桩–土体系温度、水分、应力应变等方面的监测技术。对寒区冻土桩基承载特性未来的研究提出了展望。

多元荷载作用下软基深水高桩码头结构承载特性研究

软基深水高桩码头结构受到恶劣外海环境荷载及复杂工作荷载等多元荷载的共同作用。研究表明,船舶撞击荷载是该结构水平向控制荷载,但波浪长期循环荷载作用会引起桩周土体软化,进而导致码头结构在其它荷载作用下承载特性的劣化。鉴于此,首先基于ABAQUS有限元软件建立了深水高桩码头结构-地基土体相互作用的三维弹塑性有限元模型;然后,借助USDFLD子程序实现了同时考虑土体强度弱化和刚度衰减的模拟,进而开展了未考虑土体软化、仅考虑土体强度弱化、仅考虑土体刚度衰减以及同时考虑土体强度弱化和刚度衰减对码头结构承载特性影响的对比分析。研究结果表明,与未考虑土体软化时撞击荷载作用下码头结构安全系数相比,仅考虑土体强度弱化时其值降低14.72%,仅考虑土体刚度衰减时其值降低15.28%,同时考虑土体强度弱化和刚度衰减时其值降低19.44%,且考虑土体软化后桩周土体的塑性应变范围明显增大,极限状态时桩身应力值减小,结构稳定性显著降低。

考虑桩土变形协调的复合地基设计方法

目前在复合地基的设计中,由于采用桩体压缩模量计算得到的复合压缩模量偏大,造成复合地基加固区沉降被低估;另外桩和桩间土承载力发挥系数取值主观性较强,导致复合地基承载力计算结果偏大。针对上述两个问题,从复合地基形成机理出发,指出桩及桩间土共同直接承担荷载时必须保证桩土变形协调。桩土变形协调的条件是:(1)桩刺入垫层的深度不能超过垫层厚度;(2)桩宜设置为摩擦桩。在此前提下,分别计算桩及桩间土的沉降,利用桩土变形协调方法得到了桩土应力比和承载力发挥系数理论值,进而得到加固区的沉降计算方法。工程算例证实,从保证复合地基有效设计和工程安全的角度出发,应该根据桩土变形协调来进行复合地基设计计算。

桩网结构路基动静承载性状分析

为研究桩网结构路基在静动荷载作用下的承载性状,采用有限元分析方法对桩网结构路基在静动两种荷载下的承载特性、荷载传递机理、土拱形成及发展规律进行了数值计算。通过分析静动两种工况下桩土应力、桩周土压力分布、桩土应力比及土拱效应,并与试验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:静载作用下基桩轴向应力约为400 kPa,最大土压力出现在路基中部,且沿路基横向向外逐渐减小;动载作用下沿路基横向布置的桩体的动应力在埋深方向呈先增大后减小趋势,其竖向应力最大值约为静载下的160%;动载下路基内部土拱效应较静载有大幅削弱,其中削弱最大的为四桩中心处的空间土拱效应,其桩土应力比约为静载的29.3%。

大直径水平受荷单桩的抗力组分分析及其应用

现有海上风机单桩设计方法的改进主要从修正p-y曲线入手,较少涉及单桩抗力组分的研究。文章将大直径水平受荷单桩的桩-土相互作用分解为桩-土水平抗力p、侧壁摩阻力τz、基底水平摩阻力Fs、基底竖向抗力Fbot,建立含4类抗力弹簧的简化梁单元分析模型,通过三维有限元分析对工程试桩验算,提取各抗力弹簧的组分,明确大直径单桩的抗力组成和变化规律。结果表明,小长径比单桩的水平承载力主要由水平抗力(p-y抗力)控制,但侧壁摩阻力τz、基底水平摩阻力Fs不可忽略;大直径单桩变形模式由桩土相对刚度控制,长径比是影响单桩水平承载力组分变化的重要因素。在此基础上提出了p-y抗力组分曲线,并通过案例分析展示了修正单桩水平承载力的步骤和结果。

成层土中长桩竖向承载激发规律研究

针对成层土中长桩承载问题,结合试桩数据建立了成层土中长桩-土相互作用特性分析模型,基于分析模型研究了上砂下黏和上黏下砂中砂-黏占比对长桩竖向荷载-位移曲线的影响,分析了成层土中长桩侧阻和端阻承载分担比,揭示了达到极限承载力时成层土中桩基侧阻、端阻激发规律,即黏土层侧阻可完全激发、砂土层侧阻未完全激发,桩底端阻完全激发,为实际工程中长桩承载力计算选取合理参数提供依据。

砂性土中海上风电单桩基础水平极限承载力确定方法对比

总结已有的3类单桩基础的水平极限承载力确定方法,分别为极限平衡法、p-y曲线法和定性方法,并结合试验实例研究采用不同方法计算得到的水平极限承载力之间的差异性。结果表明:不同方法求得的结果差异性较大,最大差距可达38.84%。鉴于无统一的方法,以及采用不同方法得到的结果差异性较大,单桩基础的水平极限承载力确定还需要进一步研究。

考虑桩-土摩阻效应的桥梁桩基水平承载特性研究

为研究桥梁大直径桩基在水平荷载作用下,桩-土效应对其力学特性的影响程度,结合新建重庆至昆明高速铁路毛家村水库特大桥大直径桩基项目,运用理论解析方法,基于弹性地基梁模型和p-y曲线法求解桩基水平承载力,考虑桩-土摩阻效应,比较理论值与现场实测值,并研究桩-土界面摩擦角和桩直径敏感参数。结果表明,桩顶水平承载力和桩身最大弯矩在κ=06φ时的计算值与实测值对比效果良好。随着桩-土界面摩擦角增加,桩侧摩阻力、桩身附加轴力和桩身附加弯矩不断增加,随着桩直径增加,桩顶位移折减比和桩身最大弯矩折减比均呈线性减小。

水泥土搅拌桩+CFG桩在公路工程软基处理中的应用

文中以绵阳某公路项目为例,对水泥土搅拌桩+CFG桩复合地基在公路工程软基处理中的应用进行研究,采用静载试验对复合地基的承载力特征值进行验证。结果表明,水泥土搅拌桩+CFG桩复合地基展现出良好的承载力和稳定性,具有较高的经济效益和社会效益。

孔内深层强夯复合地基桩土应力比试验研究

通过开展孔内深层强夯单桩复合地基现场静载试验和桩土应力测试,获取了不同荷载作用下孔内深层强夯复合地基的平均桩顶应力、桩间土应力、桩土应力比、荷载分担比及其变化规律。试验结果表明:孔内深层强夯复合地基的桩间土承担了主要的上部荷载,约占50%~63%,随着荷载增大,桩间土承担的荷载比例逐步增大;对于孔内深层强夯复合地基,随着荷载的增大,桩土应力比随荷载的增大而减小,数值介于2~5之间;对粘性素填土地基,孔内深层强夯复合地基在处理后的桩间土地基承载力比处理前可提高220%。

基于堤防工程地基加固高压旋喷桩优选施工参数研究

在南方某堤防工程中采用高压旋喷桩施工对软土地基进行加固处理,通过分析软土地基工程特性和高压旋喷桩施工原理,设置三种工况参数进行试验桩施工,对比试验桩的实际桩长、桩径、垂直度、复合地基承载力等参数,将喷浆压力25MPa、提升速度0.15m/min、水灰比0.8作为优选施工参数,对拟建场地工程桩进行指导施工,可提升高压旋喷桩工程桩整体质量和软土地基加固效果。

基于振冲碎石桩现场试验的软土坝基处理工艺研究

振冲碎石桩是软弱土坝基重要的加固手段,在实际的工程实践中,振冲碎石桩加固手段对于软弱坝基的处理是否有效需要基于现场试验进行检测。针对非洲卢旺达Nyabarongo II HPP工程的坝基振冲碎石桩加固措施难题,在国内选址了地质条件相似的温州仙湖试验区进行振冲碎石桩的现场试验,验证了振冲碎石桩加固深厚软土层的有效性。采用孔压静力触探试验、十字剪切板试验、动力触探试验、载荷试验检测振冲碎石桩的加固效果和地基承载力。相关研究可丰富软弱土坝基的振冲碎石桩施工处理工艺,为后续类似工程加固实践提供参考。

深厚软土地区高架桥桩基承载能力及沉降预测

文章提出了支持向量机模型对桩基极限承载能力进行预测的方法,结合自平衡法测试结果向静载试验的桩顶荷载-位移曲线转换方法,对桩基的沉降进行了预测分析。结果表明,采用该方法能够有效地预测桩基的承载能力和沉降情况,为高速铁路高架桥的设计、施工及运营提供了重要的理论依据和技术支持。