Efficacy of Bee Products(Anzer Honey,Pollen and Propolis)in Detection and Healing of Damage Induced by Antidiabetic Drug Vildagliptin/Metformin Hydrochloride in Healthy Human Pancreatic Cells:Cytotoxic,Genotoxic and Biochemical Studies

Background and Objective Although drugs are powerful therapeutic agents,they have a range of side effects.These side effects are sometimes cellular and not clinically noticeable.Vildagliptin/metformin hydrochloride is one of the most widely used oral antidiabetic drugs with two active ingredients.In this study,we investigated its harmful effects on the metabolic activation system in healthy human pancreatic cells“hTERT-HPNE”,and we aimed to improve these harmful effects by natural products.To benefit from the healing effect,we used the unique natural products produced by the bees of the Anzer Plateau in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey.Methods Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the drug were investigated by different tests,such as MTT,flow cytometry-apoptosis and comet assays.Anzer honey,pollen and propolis were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(G/C-MS).A total of 19 compounds were detected,constituting 99.9%of the samples.Results The decrease in cell viability at all drug concentrations was statistically significant compared to the negative control(P<0.05).A statistically significant decrease was detected in the apoptosis caused by vildagliptin/metformin hydrochloride with the supplementation of Anzer honey,pollen and propolis in hTERT-HPNE cells(P<0.05).Conclusion This study can contribute to other studies testing the healing properties of natural products against the side effects of oral antidiabetics in human cells.In particular,Anzer honey,pollen and propolis can be used as additional foods to maintain cell viability and improve heal damage and can be evaluated against side effects in other drug studies.

Comprehensive Value Chain Development of Natural Resources for Economic Diversification: The Apiculture Approach

The present economic challenges in Nigeria call for a serious sustainable environment-friendly agricultural enterprise with a great potential that improves export earnings. It is our fervent believe that the contribution of the apiculture sector to its sustainable human development and specifically increases the income of beekeepers and traders of bee products through improved commercialization of quality bee products in Nigeria which will in turn lead to a drastic increase in the GDP of the nation. The overall goal of the Nigeria Apiculture Value Chain (AVC) Development Program is to contribute to an increase income of beekeepers and other actors on the AVC through increase in production capacity, stimulate the efficiency and competitiveness of the AVC products by improving standards, processing capacity so as to access higher value niche markets through Fairtrade International (FLO) certification or organic certifications and to achieve a total sales value of over $5 million by 2035 (Sustainable Development Goal SDG) target on Food Security. Apiculture provides highly desirable products such as honey, comb/wax, pollen, propolis, bee venom, royal jelly, apilarnil and apilanil prop, value added products and pollination services. It is of note to stress the need to urgently embrace the use of modern techniques in keeping honeybees for industrial development of Nigeria and also to enhance exportation of the products to earn growth in the Nigeria’s GDP by diversifying the monolithic economy that is presently based on crude oil exportation.