Peculiarities of Medical Personnel Behavior Styles in Conflict Situations

Introduction: Leadership style is a way, a system of methods of influence of the leader on subordinates. This is one of the most important factors of the effective work of the institution, the full realization of the potential capabilities of people in the team. Leadership style, as an individual way of carrying out management activities, is mostly associated with the person of the manager. The management style is formed under the influence of the relationship between the manager and the team in the process of making and implementing management decisions, individual characteristics and preferences of the manager. The objective of the study was conflicts in the field of healthcare in the system “medical personnel of a healthcare institution—patients and relatives of patients”. The objective of the study was to determine management styles in conflict situations among medical workers. Materials and Methods: With the help of a direct individual survey, according to an anonymous questionnaire developed by us, the opinion of 582 medical workers (422 doctors and 160 nurses) of general hospitals and primary care centers of Chernivtsi and Chernivtsi region regarding the ceilings of behavior in conflict situations was studied. Results: In a conflict situation, the leading form of behavior for medics, both doctors and medical personnel, is the subordinate type (29.6% and 38.1%, respectively). The second most frequent method of conflict resolution is an authoritarian strategy (20.6% for doctors and 15% for nurses), in which personal aspirations and the achievement of one’s own goals come to the fore. Dependent style (17.8% for doctors and 13.75% for nurses) ranks third. A selfish style of behavior in a conflict situation is characteristic of 13.7% of doctors and 13.1% of nurses. A friendly style of behavior during the resolution of conflict situations is characteristic of medical workers at a rather low level (12.3% for doctors and 12.5% for nurses). Aggressive style (5.9% for doctors and 7.5% for nurses) is the least popular as a model of behavior in a conflict situation among respondents. Conclusion: The style of behavior of doctors and nurses in conflict situations is ambiguous, which is due to personal qualities, the degree of leadership, professional relationships and the specifics of the work environment.

Effect of cognitive behavior therapy combined with exercise intervention on the cognitive bias and coping styles of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients

BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a common digestive system disease with a high incidence rate and is common in women.The cause of IBS remains unclear.Some studies have shown that mental and psychological diseases are independent risk factors for IBS.At present,the treatment of IBS is mainly symptomatic treatment.Clinically,doctors also use cognitive behavioral therapy to improve patients'cognitive ability to diseases and clinical symptoms.In recent years,exercise therapy has attracted more and more attention from scholars.Improving the symptoms of IBS patients through psychosomatic treatment strategy may be a good treatment method.AIM To explore the effects of an intervention of cognitive behavioral therapy combined with exercise(CBT+E)on the cognitive bias and coping styles of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D);and to provide a theoretical reference for the management of IBS.METHODS Sixty IBS-D patients and thirty healthy subjects were selected.The 60 IBS-D patients were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.The experimental group was treated with the CBT+E intervention,while the control group was treated with conventional drugs without any additional intervention.The cognitive bias and coping styles of the participants were evaluated at baseline and after 6 wk,12 wk and 24 wk using the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire(ATQ),Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale(DAS)and Pain Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ)instruments,and the intervention effect was analyzed using SPSS 17.0 statistical software.RESULTS At baseline,the scores on the various scales showed that all subjects had cognitive bias and adverse coping styles.The IBS Symptom Severity Scale(IBSSSS)scores,ATQ total scores,DAS scores and CSQ scores of the two groups were not significantly different(P>0.05).Compared with baseline,after 6 wk of the CBT+E intervention,there were significant differences in the ATQ scores,the dependence and total scores on the DAS,and the catastrophization,distraction and prayer scores on the CSQ(P<0.05).After 12 wk,there were significant differences in the scores for perfectionism on the DAS and in the scores for reinterpretation,neglect and pain behavior on the CSQ in the experimental group(P<0.05).After 24 wk,there were significant differences in the vulnerability,dependence,perfectionism,and total scores on the DAS and in the catastrophization,distraction and prayer scores on the CSQ in the experimental group(P<0.01).The IBS-SSS scores were negatively correlated with the ATQ and DAS total scores(P<0.05)but were positively correlated with the CSQ total score(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Intervention consisting of CBT+E can correct the cognitive bias of IBS-D patients and eliminate their adverse coping conditions.CBT+E should be promoted for IBS and psychosomatic diseases.

Life Style and Risk Behavior of Street Children in Bangladesh: A Health Perspective

Background: Street children concern to millions of deprived boys and girls who have adopted the street as their residence. They grow up where tranquility and physical and emotional stability are frequently threatened. The purpose is to have an empathetic look into the lives of street children for identifying their health-related needs. Method: A cross sectional descriptive type of study was conducted among 125 street children between the ages 8 to 14 years who were available at different intercept points of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. The information was collected through face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. An attempt was made to relate their lifestyle, risk behavior and health impact upon the socio demographic characteristics. Result: According to the statement of street children, poverty (41%) is the main reason behind enforcing the children to stay and work on the street. They pass their leisure by playing games, roaming around by watching video/cinema but on the other side of the coin, they are frequently abused (80.8%) either physically or sexually. Regarding health, about 87.2% of street children were suffering from different type of diseases as accidental injury, skin infection, hepatitis, sexually transmitted diseases and warm infestation. Conclusion: A careful examination of the lives of these children will provide a clearer understanding of their disadvantageous life. A better diagnosis of the contributing factors will help to minimize the extent of the problems and also to develop innovative approaches and ensure a healthy lifestyle, protection and rehabilitation for those children.

A study of the effects of students' cognitive styles on their learning behaviors of online database search strategies

Purpose: Based on a quasi-experimental design, this study sought to investigate the effects of two different cognitive styles, field independence and field dependence, on students' learning behaviors of online database search strategies.Design/methodology/approach: An experiment was carried out among senior students in a Chinese university.Findings: The field independent(FI) subjects performed better in terms of their search strategy scores. When comparing how many people in each cognitive style group learned the targeted search strategies, more field dependent(FD) subjects were successors, whereas the FI subjects were more inclined to learn from their past experience. When analyzing the reasons for the subjects' selection of search strategies, we found that the FI subjects demonstrated more rational thinking behaviors than the FD subjects.Research limitations: Only 28 students participated in the study, which was a relatively small sample size. A larger sample will give more information and therefore more precise results.Practical implications: This research can provide some suggestions to the information system designers on how the system interface can be better designed to suit the cognitive styles of different users.Originality/value: So far, few studies have been published about the effects of users' cognitive styles on their learning behaviors of online database search strategies.

A Study on the Control and Guidance Strategy of the Diaolou Style Building of Qiang People Based on Behavioral Analysis

Diaolou style building is an important residential building of Qiang people. In recent years, Qiang people’s own cultural identities and behavioral awareness have transformed. Due to the lack of attention to the inheritance of original architectural style and the absence of a detailed scientific protection of the landscape, the architectural style of Diaolou style building gradually loses its vitality. It is difficult to control and guide it effectively. And tourism economy which enjoys a direct link with the architecture has been confined to further development. From the perspective of behavioral science, this study innovatively analyzes the Diaolou style building of Qiang people by combining the methodology of Lew in metal of behavior and Analytic Hierarchy Process. Firstly, 32 symbols are chosen as Diaolou architectural style factors from the selection of more than 100 Diaolou architectural decorative symbols. Then by measuring their weight coefficients through the Analytic Hierarchy Process, eight main style factors have been screened out. After field research, we analyze the actual use of the style factors of the six typical villages such as Gina. On this basis, this paper analyzes the behavioral factors of Diaolou style building of Qiang people, deconstructs its use and puts forward a concept which takes style control as a guidance and behavior guidance as a strategy to protect and develop Diaolou style building of Qiang people. It is also proposed that a control and guidance strategy of inheritance and development of Qiang Diaolou architectural style, including master the influencing factors as a whole, follow the principle of people-oriented, compound function, dynamic development and highlighting national aesthetics, based on its style system, and grasp the trend of architectural style, etc. The study provides an effective guarantee for the further development of rural tourism, and a necessary theoretical and technical guidance for the government to adopt targeted steps.

目标管理理论干预对冠心病合并心衰患者心理负担和应对行为的影响

目的:分析目标管理理论干预对冠心病合并心衰患者心理负担和应对行为的影响。方法:将2021年3月—2023年3月某院收治的80例冠心病合并心衰患者随机分为两组。对照组40例采取常规临床干预,干预组40例予以目标管理理论的干预。比较两组干预前后的心理负担、自我管理行为及应对方式,评价两组的治疗依从性及生活质量。结果:干预后两组心理负担均减轻,且干预组的心理负担轻于对照组(Z=4.641,P<0.05);干预后干预组的自我管理行为量表中日常生活管理行为、疾病医学管理行为、情绪认知管理评分均高于对照组(t=4.410,4.660,6.267,P<0.05);干预后干预组的简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)中积极应对评分高于对照组,消极应对评分低于对照组(t=5.505,-5.625,P<0.05);干预组的治疗依从性优于对照组(χ2=4.501,P<0.05);干预后干预组的生活质量测定量表(WHOQOL-BREF)中各维度评分高于对照组(t=6.819,8.072,6.848,3.684,P<0.05)。结论:对冠心病合并心衰患者施于目标管理理论干预可有效减轻患者的心理负担,提升患者的自我管理行为,改善患者的应对方式,提高患者的治疗依从性及生活质量。

过程控制工程课程混合式教学中学生学习风格模型的构建及应用实践

大学生线上线下混合式教学中存在问题产生原因之一是缺乏对网络环境下学生行为数据的分析,从而无法判断学生的学习风格。因而基于数据挖掘技术,利用网络学习平台收集过程控制工程课程学习行为数据,建立基于灰狼算法优化支持向量机构建多维度的学习风格模型,处理和预测其可能的学习风格。有助于教师及时掌握学生动态,调整线上线下混合式教学方案,实现因材施教的个性化教学模式。

父母消极教养方式与大学生恶意创造性行为的关系:有调节的中介模型

本研究基于创造性行为的互动主义模型和一般压力理论,考察父母消极教养方式与恶意创造性行为的关系,并检验道德推脱的中介作用和性别的调节作用。采用整群取样法抽取长沙市三所高校的926名在校大学生进行问卷调查,结果表明:(1)父母消极教养方式能够显著正向预测恶意创造性行为;(2)道德推脱在父母消极教养方式和恶意创造性行为的关系中起中介作用;(3)“父母消极教养方式→道德推脱→恶意创造性行为”这一中介效应的前半路径受到性别的调节。具体而言,相较于女生,父母消极教养方式对男生道德推脱水平的正向预测作用更大。

中文创意写作学科建设的若干问题

作为一门有价值和前景的新兴学科,“中文创意写作”面临着如何高效进行学科建设、切实提升学科水平、搭建实体学科建设平台、增强学科竞争实力等一系列问题。本文主要讨论了三个方面的问题:突显写作行为的文化创造性质及其巨大价值,彰显“中文”和“创意”的写作学科定位及创新追求,呈现中文创意写作学科多元多样的学科风貌,并在理论和实践层面提出了一些初步看法及对策性建议。

Consumption Motivation and Behavior of College Students in Western-style Fast Food Restaurants on Campus

Based on the questionnaire survey data of college students in Wuhan,this paper studied the motivation of consumption behavior of college students in western-style fast food restaurants on campus,and built a relationship model for consumption motivation and behavior. The results indicate that the consumption motivation of college students in western-style fast food restaurants includes six types: social motivation,conformity motivation,show-off motivation,self-hedonic motivation,quality-pursuing motivation,and self-gift giving motivation. The overall characteristics of college students' consumption behavior in western-style fast food restaurants include six characteristics: consumption period,consumption frequency,ways of information access,consumption amount,product preference,and consumption willingness. There are significant differences in the consumption behavior between different college students. Different college students are different in consumption period,consumption frequency,ways of information access,consumption amount,product preference,and consumption willingness. Based on the above results,it came up with pertinent marketing recommendations.

信息-动机-行为模式干预对慢性心力衰竭患者心理负担和健康信念的影响

目的:分析信息-动机-行为模式干预对慢性心力衰竭患者心理负担和健康信念的影响。方法:将2022年1月-2023年1月某院收治的80例慢性心力衰竭患者依据入院先后顺序分组。对照组40例予以常规临床干预,观察组40例在此基础上予以信息-动机-行为模式干预。比较两组干预前后的心理负担、健康信念、应对方式、依从性及生活质量。结果:干预后观察组的焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分低于对照组(t=-3.390,-4.355;P<0.05),健康信念量表各维度评分高于对照组(t=6.326,10.496,5.166,6.881,5.427;P<0.05),积极应对评分高于对照组,消极应对评分低于对照组(t=6.181,-7.647;P<0.05),用药知识、用药依从意愿及用药依从性评分高于对照组(t=6.412,5.605;P<0.05),生活质量量表(WHOQOL-BREF)各维度评分高于对照组(t=8.389,8.141,11.241,7.734;P<0.05)。结论:信息-动机-行为模式干预可减轻慢性心力衰竭患者的心理负担,提升其健康信念,改善其应对方式及依从性,且有助于患者生活质量的提高。

非人灵长类的个性研究进展

个性的研究能够加深对群居动物个体间差异和群体的社会组织模式的了解,这使其成为非人灵长类学者关注的一个热点话题,并为社会心理学和行为生态学交叉融合发展提供新的方法与思路。本文简要总结了目前灵长类个性的分类定义、评定方法与研究内容,并详细介绍了研究进展中的突出成果:从激素变化、特定基因位点差异和环境条件3个角度解释个性形成机制;将个性在个体健康和认知中的功能应用到灵长类的饲养管理中,有效提升动物福利。为了更好地回答行为生态学理论问题,今后需进一步拓展对野生环境中非人灵长类个体的个性以及行为模式的探索,建议从性选择、社群结构以及空间动态深入研究,切实为濒危物种保护提出新的思路。

乡村振兴背景下透支型发展的逻辑与风险

乡村振兴是我国现代化发展的一项重要战略,应坚持可持续性发展思维。一些地方政府作为乡村振兴战略的实施主体,通过运动式治理推进乡村“强富美”建设,以全面推进乡村振兴。但在有限财政约束下,地方政府难以通过制度化方式承担高标准乡村建设的成本,负债建设成为地方政府的重要应对策略,由此形成乡村振兴中的透支型发展模式。对地方政府而言,透支型发展的优势不仅在于可以弥补资金不足,更在于可以扩大地方政府的制度外行动空间,其行为背后的深层次逻辑体现为地方政绩以及市场化导向乡村发展的双重逻辑。作为地方政府的策略性发展行为,透支型发展隐含着地方政府债务风险、乡村发展悬浮、乡村社会管理成本增加等风险。应警惕地方政府主导下的乡村振兴透支型发展策略取向,回归乡村振兴的战略定位,稳慎推进乡村振兴战略有效实施。

舒缓性治疗干预对白血病患者负性情绪和健康行为的影响

目的:探究舒缓性治疗干预对白血病患者负性情绪和健康行为的影响。方法:以2019年8月-2022年8月某院收治的86例白血病患者为研究对象,依据入院时间先后顺序分为对照组(n=43)和干预组(n=43)。对照组予以常规临床干预,干预组在对照组基础上予以舒缓性治疗干预。对比两组干预前后的负性情绪、健康行为、应对方式及生命质量,评价两组的治疗依从性。结果:干预后,干预组的焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分均低于对照组(t=-6.380,-5.431;P<0.05);干预后,干预组的健康促进生活量表(HPLP-Ⅱ)中人际关系、健康责任、舒缓治疗、营养、体育运动、精神成长评分均高于对照组(t=7.230,6.007,6.737,7.414,6.470,7.096;P<0.05);干预后,干预组的积极应对评分高于对照组,消极应对评分低于对照组(t=4.602,-8.949;P<0.05);干预后,两组生命质量量表(WHOQOL-BREF)中各维度评分均高于对照组(t=4.626,7.732,10.107,9.462;P<0.05);干预组的治疗依从性高于对照组(χ^(2)=5.460,P<0.05)。结论:舒缓性治疗干预对白血病患者的干预效果显著,能有效缓解患者的负性情绪状态,改善患者的健康行为及应对方式,提高患者的生命质量及治疗依从性。

应对方式在糖尿病视网膜病变患者情绪困扰与健康促进行为间的中介效应

目的 探讨糖尿病视网膜病变患者情绪困扰、健康促进行为与应对方式间的相互作用,为提升患者健康促进行为提供指导。方法 以240例住院糖尿病视网膜病变患者作为研究对象,采用一般情况调查表、糖尿病患者健康促进量表、情绪困扰量表、医学应对方式量表进行调查。分析应对方式在糖尿病视网膜病变患者情绪困扰与健康促进行为之间的中介效应。结果 糖尿病视网膜病变患者健康促进行为评分为(87.50±8.52)分。中介效应检验结果显示,面对应对方式在患者情绪困扰和健康促进行为起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的32.07%。结论 糖尿病视网膜病变患者健康促进行为亟待提高。面对应对方式是糖尿病视网膜病变患者情绪困扰和健康促进行为的中介变量。医护人员需采取相应措施提高存在情绪困扰患者的面对应对方式水平,以促进健康促进行为水平的提升。

IMB模式健康教育对听力损失病人自我效能、社交恐惧及应对方式的影响

目的:探讨基于信息-动机-行为技巧(IMB)模式健康教育对听力损失病人自我效能及应对方式的影响。方法:选取2021年8月—2022年8月收治的功能听力损失病人108例为研究对象,应用随机数字表法将病人分为观察组(n=54)和对照组(n=54),对照组行常规健康指导,观察组实施IMB模式健康教育,比较两组干预前后自我效能、应对方式、社交回避及苦恼、言语识别能力及生活质量。结果:干预后观察组自我效能评分、面对评分、言语识别能力及生活质量评分高于对照组(P<0.001),社交回避及苦恼评分、屈服评分、回避评分低于对照组(P<0.001)。结论:基于IMB模式健康教育可提升功能听力损失病人自我效能,减轻病人社交恐惧,使病人积极应对疾病,提高病人言语识别能力,改善病人生活质量。

罗森塔尔效应联合Orem自理护理用于青少年特发性脊柱侧弯中的效果

目的探讨罗森塔尔效应联合Orem自理护理用于青少年特发性脊柱侧弯(AIS)中的干预效果。方法选择2021年5月至2022年10月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九一〇医院收治的96例行手术治疗的AIS患者,将其按照随机数字表法分成对照组(48例)和护理组(48例)。比较2组的应对方式等指标。结果出院时及出院3个月后,2组的简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)中积极应对评分均高于入院时,SCSQ中的消极应对评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数评分均低于入院时,Cobb角均小于入院时(P均<0.05),且护理组的上述评分和角度均优于同期对照组(P均<0.05)。出院3个月后,2组的健康促进生活方式量表中的6个维度评分均高于入院时(P均<0.05),且护理组均高于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论对AIS患者实施罗森塔尔效应联合Orem自理护理,可明显改善其疾病应对方式,显著提高其健康行为水平,有效促进脊柱功能恢复。

青年群体传承民俗体育文化的行为逻辑——基于闽西灵地村舞龙的分析与讨论

青年是传承民俗体育文化的生力军,揭示其行为逻辑对于民俗体育文化的有序传承及现代化发展具有重要意义。采用参与式观察和深入访谈等研究方法考察闽西灵地村青年自觉传承舞龙文化的过程,从懵懂观众、学徒和帮手、主力队员以及组织成员4个连续的角色阶段呈现了该群体从一般个体向传承舞龙中坚力量转化的过程。研究认为:1)灵地村青年群体传承民俗体育文化的行为逻辑包括具身实践、反思认知、创新反哺和多维认同4个方面,其中具身实践是青年群体能否自觉传承民俗体育文化的前提要素,多维认同是影响青年群体能否自觉传承民俗体育文化的根本性因素,而反思认知和创新反哺则是青年群体传承民俗体育文化行为中的特有之义;2)灵地村青年积极传承民俗体育文化属于民俗体育文化再生产的一种主体实践方式,也代表了中国式民俗体育文化现代化的一种具体探索和内生型路径;3)应从丰富实践教育渠道以增加文化体认频率,营造有利实践空间并建立青年正面创新认知,加强优秀案例宣传以提高传承合法地位,配套相关文化政策并提高青年民俗体育文化的政策运用意识等方面培育更多有志于传承民俗体育文化的青年。

新型冠状病毒感染对不良生活方式和健康行为的影响

新型冠状病毒感染的大流行改变了很多人的日常生活方式,其中部分不良的行为,如体力活动减少、久坐行为增加、屏幕时间增多、作息紊乱、吸烟饮酒增加等,对身心健康造成非常不利的影响。该文通过分析和归纳新型冠状病毒感染对不良生活方式和健康行为的影响,旨在让政府和个人重视这些负面变化,也呼吁更多的健康生活方式干预。

网联信息诱导下的商业地下停车场驾驶行为研究

商业地下停车场内部结构复杂、通道较窄,且相交通道视野范围小,驾驶员在寻找停车位时效率低且容易发生碰撞。以商业配建地下停车场为研究对象,基于驾驶模拟实验获取的微观驾驶行为数据,选取平均速度、平均加速度、制动位置对车辆操控行为进行分析,选取寻泊时间、路段通过时间、寻泊距离和最短路径选择对寻泊行为进行分析,并对不同驾驶风格的驾驶行为进行讨论。结果表明:对于车辆控制行为,停车信息诱导系统(parking guidance information systems,PGIS)可以重构抵近盲区交叉口的驾驶过程,使驾驶员平均速度降低36.90%,加速度降至2.55 m/s^(2)以下,对不同风格驾驶员平均速度的影响具有显著性。对于寻泊行为,PGIS可诱导驾驶员经最短路径到达目的地,有效减少寻泊时间;对保守型和普通型驾驶员的路段通行时间减少不显著,对激进型的路段通行时间具有显著影响。研究结果为车联网技术在城市交通领域的发展提供了新的视角。