We used scanning electron microscope （SEM） to observe the ultrastructure of stridulating organs in Xylotrechus rusticus L. We com- pared the morphological structure and size of stridulating organs, the numbers of a ...We used scanning electron microscope （SEM） to observe the ultrastructure of stridulating organs in Xylotrechus rusticus L. We com- pared the morphological structure and size of stridulating organs, the numbers of a tooth-like part used in stridulation and its presence in fe- males and males of this beetle. The alarm sound of X.. rusticus was re- corded first when it was stimulated, then we tested behavioral responses to this alarm sound. The alarm sound ofX. rusticus has a warning effect on conspecifics.展开更多
The aims of this research were (1) to provide a description of spurfowl Pternistis spp. calls and their social context;(2) to describe the divergence of advertisement calls;and (3) to appropri-ate 23 spurfowl species ...The aims of this research were (1) to provide a description of spurfowl Pternistis spp. calls and their social context;(2) to describe the divergence of advertisement calls;and (3) to appropri-ate 23 spurfowl species to homologous sound groups which have been synthesized with recognized monophyletic groups within Pternistis spurfowls. Sound group partitioning was primarily based on male advertisement calls. A total of 218 recordings (rendering^300 identifiable calls) were analyzed covering 22 out of 23 spurfowl species in Africa. One species was assessed from written accounts. The repertoire size per spurfowl varies between 7 and 11 calls. Spurfowl calls were arranged into three broad categories including (1) advertisement calls;(2) maintenance calls including distress calls, juve-nile whining (“mews”), cheeps and comfort calls;and (3) male-female and female-offspring bonding calls. Spurfowl species were set out in eight sound groups of which five were more or less congruent with the monophyletic groups of Hall (1963), but sound groups produced more partitioning as Hall described only five groups relevant to Pternistis spp. The divergence of advertisement calls appar-ently minimizes hybridization between sympatric species but the“genetic distance”between spurfowl species is relatively small causing hybridization among spurfowl species. Despite the vocalizations of Hartlaub’s Spurfowl (P. hartlaubi) differing significantly from the rest of the spurfowls, sound analy-ses suggest that it remains within Pternistis.展开更多
Miniaturized sound generators are attractive to realize intriguing functions.Thermoacoustic device’s application is seriously limited due to the frequency-doubling phenomenon.To address this issue,photoacoustic sound...Miniaturized sound generators are attractive to realize intriguing functions.Thermoacoustic device’s application is seriously limited due to the frequency-doubling phenomenon.To address this issue,photoacoustic sound generator is considered as a promising alternative.Here,based on vertical single-wall carbon nanotubes(CNTs)array,we introduce a photoacoustic sound generator with internal nano-Helmholtz cavity.Different from traditional device that generates sound by periodically heating up the open space air around material,this sound generator produces an audio signal by forming a forced vibration of the air inside the CNTs.Interestingly,anomalous photoacoustic behavior is observed that the sound pressure level(SPL)curve has a resonance peak,the corresponding frequency of which is inversely proportional to the CNTs array’s height.Furthermore,the energy conversion efficiency of this photoacoustic device is 1.64 times as large as that of a graphene sponge-based photoacoustic device.Most importantly,this device can be employed for music playing,bringing a new clew for the development of musical instruments in the future.展开更多
目的:分析母亲声音干预对NICU早产儿生长发育及睡眠的影响。方法:选取2023年1月至2023年11月福建省晋江市医院NICU收治的早产儿98例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组,每组49例。对照组接受音乐疗法,观察组接受母亲...目的:分析母亲声音干预对NICU早产儿生长发育及睡眠的影响。方法:选取2023年1月至2023年11月福建省晋江市医院NICU收治的早产儿98例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组,每组49例。对照组接受音乐疗法,观察组接受母亲声音干预。比较2组体格发育指标、行为状态与安静睡眠周期(QSC),行为状态评估采用安德森行为状态量表(ABSS)。结果:观察组体质量增长速率快于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组在干预中10 min、干预后5 min ABSS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组QSC平均时间、总时间长于对照组,中断次数较少(P<0.05)。结论:母亲声音干预可改善NICU早产儿行为状态与睡眠状态,促进体格发育。展开更多
Underwater sound and video observations were made at noon, sunset, and midnight in sand, gravel, and boulder habitat in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Gulf of Maine, USA in October 2001 using a remotel...Underwater sound and video observations were made at noon, sunset, and midnight in sand, gravel, and boulder habitat in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Gulf of Maine, USA in October 2001 using a remotely operated vehicle （ROV）. Seventeen species of fish and squid were observed with clear habitat and time differences. Observations of feeding behavior, disturbance behavior, and both interspecific and intraspecific interactions provided numerous opportunities for potential sound production; however, sounds were recorded only during a single dive. Although high noise levels generated by the ROV and support ship may have masked some sounds, we conclude that fish sound production in the Gulf of Maine during the fall is uncommon. The recorded fish sounds are tentatively attributed to the cusk Brosme brosme. Cusk sounds consisted variously of isolated thumps, widely spaced thump trains, drumrolls, and their combinations. Frequency peaks were observed at 188, 539, and 1195 Hz. Use of a remotely operated vehicle （ROV） as a passive acoustic observation platform was problematic due to high ROV self-noise and the ROV＇s inability to maintain a fixed position on the bottom without thruster power. Some fishes were clearly also disturbed by ROV noise, indicating a potential ROV sampling bias. Based on our observations, we suggest that new instruments incorporating both optic and passive acoustic technologies are needed to provide better tools for in situ behavioral studies ofcusk and other fishes [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 90-99 2010].展开更多
利用水下声音测量系统(带宽20 Hz^24 k Hz)分别记录了浙江省象山县西沪港和福建省福鼎市沙埕港网箱养殖大黄鱼的水下声音和行为反应,并对声音数据进行频谱分析和声压级(SPL,d B:re 1μPa)计算。结果显示:(1)网箱周围水下声音主要为,自...利用水下声音测量系统(带宽20 Hz^24 k Hz)分别记录了浙江省象山县西沪港和福建省福鼎市沙埕港网箱养殖大黄鱼的水下声音和行为反应,并对声音数据进行频谱分析和声压级(SPL,d B:re 1μPa)计算。结果显示:(1)网箱周围水下声音主要为,自然环境噪声(风、波浪,500 Hz^24 k Hz)、大黄鱼生物噪声(惊扰发声主峰值630 Hz、摄食发声主峰值800 Hz、游泳噪声50~400 Hz、摄食噪声20~2 200 Hz)和人为噪声(船舶噪声50~500 Hz);(2)船舶噪声SPL(约87.68 d B)低于部分石首鱼科听觉阈值(94.9~99.6 d B:re 1μPa),不影响大黄鱼声通讯和摄食行为;(3)网箱内生物噪声声压级强度:惊扰状态>摄食状态>背景噪声。结果表明,大黄鱼生物噪声频率主峰值和声压级强度与行为反应有关,即行为反应程度越激烈,频率主峰值越低,声压级强度越高。展开更多
文摘We used scanning electron microscope （SEM） to observe the ultrastructure of stridulating organs in Xylotrechus rusticus L. We com- pared the morphological structure and size of stridulating organs, the numbers of a tooth-like part used in stridulation and its presence in fe- males and males of this beetle. The alarm sound of X.. rusticus was re- corded first when it was stimulated, then we tested behavioral responses to this alarm sound. The alarm sound ofX. rusticus has a warning effect on conspecifics.
文摘The aims of this research were (1) to provide a description of spurfowl Pternistis spp. calls and their social context;(2) to describe the divergence of advertisement calls;and (3) to appropri-ate 23 spurfowl species to homologous sound groups which have been synthesized with recognized monophyletic groups within Pternistis spurfowls. Sound group partitioning was primarily based on male advertisement calls. A total of 218 recordings (rendering^300 identifiable calls) were analyzed covering 22 out of 23 spurfowl species in Africa. One species was assessed from written accounts. The repertoire size per spurfowl varies between 7 and 11 calls. Spurfowl calls were arranged into three broad categories including (1) advertisement calls;(2) maintenance calls including distress calls, juve-nile whining (“mews”), cheeps and comfort calls;and (3) male-female and female-offspring bonding calls. Spurfowl species were set out in eight sound groups of which five were more or less congruent with the monophyletic groups of Hall (1963), but sound groups produced more partitioning as Hall described only five groups relevant to Pternistis spp. The divergence of advertisement calls appar-ently minimizes hybridization between sympatric species but the“genetic distance”between spurfowl species is relatively small causing hybridization among spurfowl species. Despite the vocalizations of Hartlaub’s Spurfowl (P. hartlaubi) differing significantly from the rest of the spurfowls, sound analy-ses suggest that it remains within Pternistis.
文摘Miniaturized sound generators are attractive to realize intriguing functions.Thermoacoustic device’s application is seriously limited due to the frequency-doubling phenomenon.To address this issue,photoacoustic sound generator is considered as a promising alternative.Here,based on vertical single-wall carbon nanotubes(CNTs)array,we introduce a photoacoustic sound generator with internal nano-Helmholtz cavity.Different from traditional device that generates sound by periodically heating up the open space air around material,this sound generator produces an audio signal by forming a forced vibration of the air inside the CNTs.Interestingly,anomalous photoacoustic behavior is observed that the sound pressure level(SPL)curve has a resonance peak,the corresponding frequency of which is inversely proportional to the CNTs array’s height.Furthermore,the energy conversion efficiency of this photoacoustic device is 1.64 times as large as that of a graphene sponge-based photoacoustic device.Most importantly,this device can be employed for music playing,bringing a new clew for the development of musical instruments in the future.
文摘目的:分析母亲声音干预对NICU早产儿生长发育及睡眠的影响。方法:选取2023年1月至2023年11月福建省晋江市医院NICU收治的早产儿98例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组,每组49例。对照组接受音乐疗法,观察组接受母亲声音干预。比较2组体格发育指标、行为状态与安静睡眠周期(QSC),行为状态评估采用安德森行为状态量表(ABSS)。结果:观察组体质量增长速率快于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组在干预中10 min、干预后5 min ABSS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组QSC平均时间、总时间长于对照组,中断次数较少(P<0.05)。结论:母亲声音干预可改善NICU早产儿行为状态与睡眠状态,促进体格发育。
基金funded in part by a grant from the National Oceanic Atmospheric AdministrationA publication of the Grantee pursuant to subgrant NAGL 01-02B+2 种基金National Undersea Research Center for the North Atlantic & Great Lakes, University of Connecticut Award No. NA06RU0140The Woods Hole Sea Grant College ProgramThe Sounds Conservancy,Quebec-Labrador Foundation/Atlantic Center for the Environment provided a stipend for M. Hendry-Brogan
文摘Underwater sound and video observations were made at noon, sunset, and midnight in sand, gravel, and boulder habitat in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Gulf of Maine, USA in October 2001 using a remotely operated vehicle （ROV）. Seventeen species of fish and squid were observed with clear habitat and time differences. Observations of feeding behavior, disturbance behavior, and both interspecific and intraspecific interactions provided numerous opportunities for potential sound production; however, sounds were recorded only during a single dive. Although high noise levels generated by the ROV and support ship may have masked some sounds, we conclude that fish sound production in the Gulf of Maine during the fall is uncommon. The recorded fish sounds are tentatively attributed to the cusk Brosme brosme. Cusk sounds consisted variously of isolated thumps, widely spaced thump trains, drumrolls, and their combinations. Frequency peaks were observed at 188, 539, and 1195 Hz. Use of a remotely operated vehicle （ROV） as a passive acoustic observation platform was problematic due to high ROV self-noise and the ROV＇s inability to maintain a fixed position on the bottom without thruster power. Some fishes were clearly also disturbed by ROV noise, indicating a potential ROV sampling bias. Based on our observations, we suggest that new instruments incorporating both optic and passive acoustic technologies are needed to provide better tools for in situ behavioral studies ofcusk and other fishes [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 90-99 2010].
文摘利用水下声音测量系统(带宽20 Hz^24 k Hz)分别记录了浙江省象山县西沪港和福建省福鼎市沙埕港网箱养殖大黄鱼的水下声音和行为反应,并对声音数据进行频谱分析和声压级(SPL,d B:re 1μPa)计算。结果显示:(1)网箱周围水下声音主要为,自然环境噪声(风、波浪,500 Hz^24 k Hz)、大黄鱼生物噪声(惊扰发声主峰值630 Hz、摄食发声主峰值800 Hz、游泳噪声50~400 Hz、摄食噪声20~2 200 Hz)和人为噪声(船舶噪声50~500 Hz);(2)船舶噪声SPL(约87.68 d B)低于部分石首鱼科听觉阈值(94.9~99.6 d B:re 1μPa),不影响大黄鱼声通讯和摄食行为;(3)网箱内生物噪声声压级强度:惊扰状态>摄食状态>背景噪声。结果表明,大黄鱼生物噪声频率主峰值和声压级强度与行为反应有关,即行为反应程度越激烈,频率主峰值越低,声压级强度越高。
基金National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB610305)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11021202 and 11072188)+1 种基金the National 111 Project of China(B06024)the Shaanxi Province(13115)
