Uniaxial compressive behavior of equal channel angular pressing Al at wide temperature and strain rate range

Uniaxial compressive experiments of ultrafine-grained Al fabricated by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) method were performed at wide temperature and strain rate range. The influence of temperature on flow stress, strain hardening rate and strain rate sensitivity was investigated experimentally. The results show that both the effect of temperature on flow stress and its strain rate sensitivity of ECAPed Al is much larger than those of the coarse-grained Al. The temperature sensitivity of ultrafine-grained Al is comparatively weaker than that of the coarse-grained Al. Based on the experimental results, the apparent activation volume was estimated at different temperatures and strain rates. The forest dislocation interactions is the dominant thermally activated mechanism for ECAPed Al compressed at quasi-static strain rates, while the viscous drag plays an important role at high strain rates.

Wear behavior of Ti6Al4V biomedical alloys processed by selective laser melting, hot pressing and conventional casting

The aim of this work was to study the influence of the processing route on the microstructural constituents,hardness andtribological(wear and friction)behavior of Ti6Al4V biomedical alloy.In this sense,three different processing routes were studied:conventional casting,hot pressing and selective laser melting.A comprehensive metallurgical,mechanical and tribologicalcharacterization was performed by X-ray diffraction analysis,Vickers hardness tests and reciprocating ball-on-plate wear tests ofTi6Al4V/Al2O3sliding pairs.The results showed a great influence of the processing route on the microstructural constituents andconsequent differences on hardness and wear performance.The highest hardness and wear resistance were obtained for Ti6Al4Valloy produced by selective laser melting,due to a markedly different cooling rate that leads to significantly different microstructurewhen compared to hot pressing and casting.This study assesses and confirms that selective laser melting is potential to producecustomized Ti6Al4V implants with improved wear performance.

Densification Behavior of Nanocrystalline Mg2Si Compact in Hot-pressing

Densification behavior of nanocrystalline Mg2Si （n-Mg2Si） with grain size about 30-50 nm was investigated by hot-pressing at 400℃. The results indicated that the densification process of n-Mg2Si exhibited three linear segments： p〈0.3 GPa, 0.3 GPa〈p〈1.2 GPa, and p〉1.2 GPa determined by Heckel formula, among which the third fast increasing segment in high pressure range p〉1.2 GPa has seldom been reported in conventional coarse-grained polycrystalline materials. Nevertheless, in the whole pressure range （0.125-1.500 GPa） investigated the densification behavior of n-Mg2Si can be well described by a Kawakita formula p/C=（1/a）p＋ 1/（ab） with constant α=0.452 being in good agreement with the initial porosity of the compact.

Aging behavior and mechanical properties of 6013 aluminum alloy processed by severe plastic deformation

Structural features, aging behavior, precipitation kinetics and mechanical properties of a 6013 Al–Mg–Si aluminum alloy subjected to equal channel angular pressing （ECAP） at different temperatures were comparatively investigated with that in conventional static aging by quantitative X-ray diffraction （XRD） measurements, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and tensile tests. Average grain sizes measured by XRD are in the range of 66-112 nm while the average dislocation density is in the range of 1.20×10^14-1.70×10^14 m^-2 in the deformed alloy. The DSC analysis reveals that the precipitation kinetics in the deformed alloy is much faster as compared with the peak-aged sample due to the smaller grains and higher dislocation density developed after ECAP. Both the yield strength （YS） and ultimate tensile strength （UTS） are dramatically increased in all the ECAP samples as compared with the undeformed counterparts. The maximum strength appears in the samples ECAP treated at room temperature and the maximum YS is about 1.6 times that of the statically peak-aged sample. The very high strength in the ECAP alloy is suggested to be related to the grain size strengthening and dislocation strengthening, as well as the precipitation strengthening contributing from the dynamic precipitation during ECAP.

Hot pressing densification of WC-Mo_xC binderless carbide

WC-6MoxC-0.47Cr3C2-0.28VC binderless carbide was prepared by hot pressing （1700 °C, 20 MPa）. The sample was observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X–ray spectroscopy and X–ray diffraction. The results show that during the hot pressing process, W atoms dissolve substantially into the MoxC crystal lattices; whilst, the reverse dissolution of Mo atoms into the WC crystal lattices takes place. Consequently, the main phase and binder phase structure are formed. The phase compositions of the main phase and binder phase are a WC-based solid solution containing Mo and a Mo2C-based solid solution containing W, respectively. The isotropic dissolution and precipitation of W and Mo atoms do not result in substantial carbide coarsening. The mechanism for the densification was discussed.

Finite element simulation of real cavity closure in cast Ti6Al4V alloy during hot isostatic pressing

The healing behavior of shrinkage cavity inside the cast Ti6Al4V alloy during hot isostatic pressing(HIP)was investigated experimentally by interrupted hot isostatic pressing tests.The X-ray micro computed tomography was used to record the morphology changes before and after hot isostatic pressing.The two-dimensional geometry obtained by the microCT scan was used in simulation to study the evolution of the real shrinkage cavity during hot isostatic pressing.Shrinkage cavities,shrinkage porosity and small gas pores can be effectively eliminated under proper HIP conditions.The two-dimensional morphology in the simulation results agrees well with the experimental results.This study reveals that plastic deformation,creep and diffusion are the main mechanisms of cavity closure during hot isostatic pressing.In addition,the simplified elliptical pores with aspect ratios at different positions were used to replace the real pores to further study the factors affecting the position of dimples after HIP by simulation.It is found that the position of the dimples mainly depends on the aspect ratio of the elliptical pore and the distance between the pore surface and the external surface of the geometric model.

In vitro and in vivo studies on pure Mg, Mg-1Ca and Mg-2Sr alloys processed by equal channel angular pressing

In the present work,the biomedical as-cast pure Mg,Mg–1 Ca and Mg–2 Sr alloys were processed with equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)technique to develop ultrafine microstructure within the materials,and their microstructures,mechanical properties,degradation behavior,cytocompatibility in vitro and biocompatibility in vivo were studied comprehensively.Finer-gained microstructures and improved mechanical properties of these three materials after ECAP were confirmed compared to their as-cast counterparts.Moreover,after ECAP the degradation rate of pure Mg was increased while that of Mg–1 Ca or Mg–2 Sr alloys decreased compared to the ascast counterparts.Additionally,good in vitro cytocompatibility and in vivo biocompatibility of these three materials were revealed by cell cultural tests using osteoblastic MC3 T3-E1 and human mesenchymal stem cells(h MSC)and in vivo animal tests at the lateral epicondyle of SD-rats’femur.This study offers an alternative powerful avenue to achieve good comprehensive properties of magnesium-based biodegradable metals.It might also help to extend the applied range of magnesium-based biodegradable metals in orthopedic field.

Corrosion behavior of ultra-fine grained industrial pure Al fabricated by ECAP

Corrosion behavior of ultra-fine grained(UFG) industrial Al fabricated by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) for 16 pass times was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization test,potentiostatic polarization test,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) measurement,immersion test and surface analyses (OM and SEM). The microstructures including grain size,grain boundaries and dislocations were also observed by TEM. The results show that the UFG industrial pure Al has more positive pitting potential,less corrosion current density and five times larger passive film resistance compared with the coarse grained(CG) one. It was found that the increased pitting resistance is profited from the more stable passive film kept in the Cl-aggressive solution due to more grain boundaries,larger fraction of non-equilibrium grain boundaries and residual stress of the UFG industrial pure Al.

The Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior Evaluation of Ce-TZP/Al_(2)O_(3)Nanocomposites

Ce-TZP/Al2O3 nanocomposites were prepared from mixture of self-made Ce-TZP nanometer powder and commercial A12O3 powder by hot-pressing method. Influences of nanometer ZrO2 particles on the mechanical properties and microstructure of Ce-TZP/Al2O3 ceramics were investigated. Meanwhile, t-—m transformation toughening mechanism was investigated by x-ray diffractometry (XRD) method, and deflection of samples under applied stress were recorded too. The results show that when the percentage of ZrO2 was 20%, the mechanical properties and microstructures of materials were preferential. Additionally, TEM observation show that dislocation structures form both in the A12O3 grain and on the A12O3 grain boundary.

Effects of TiB2 Content on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Low-Cobalt Ti（C,N）-TiB2 Cermets Fabricated by Vacuum Hot Pressing

Ti(C,N)-TiB2 cermets were fabricated from Ti(C,N), TiB2, Co and WC powder mixtures via a vacuum hot pressing process. The influence of TiB2 content on their microstructures and mechanical properties was investigated. As a result of the elevated TiB2 contents, two types of corerim microstructures were present in the Ti(C,N)-TiB2 cermets, and remarkably improved mechanical properties were achieved. With the increase of TiB2 content, the flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness of the Ti(C,N)-TiB2 cermets first increased, and then decreased, while their relative density consistently decreased. Attributed to an integration of the intergranular and intrangranular fracture behaviors, the Ti(C,N)-TiB2 cermets with 20 wt% TiB2 content exhibited the best overall properties with the relative density, hardness, fracture toughness and flexural strength at 99.3%, 1 995 HV, 7.92 MPa·m1/2 and 1 114 MPa, respectively. The underlying mechanism for their enhanced properties was studied in detail.

Investigation into the tribological behaviors of press hardening steels on the tailored conditions

There has been a growing demand for safety parts with tailored properties in automobile industry.However,the understanding of tribological behavior of press hardening steels(PHS)on the tailored conditions is highly inadequate.The present work aims at creating new knowledge about the tribological characteristics of PHS on the tailored conditions and bridging this existing gap.The paper proposes an improved hot drawing tribo-simulator to simulate the realistic experimental conditions industry.Investigations were carried out on the condition of different initial heating temperatures,tool temperatures,austenitizing temperatures,cooling rates and microstructures.The presented results show that the whole frictional process is divided into three stages for both coated and uncoated steels.The frictional factor changes a lot and the peak value of frictional factor occurs for serious adhesive wear.The frictional factor rises as the tool temperature and austenitizing temperature rise.The surface morphology of tools indicates that the coating adhering to tool gets thicker as the tool temperature increases.With the increase of cooling rate,the frictional factor declines firstly and then rises to some extent.Flat dies with different temperatures are used to form specimens with different microstructures,which also affects the frictional factor and wear.

高聚物黏结炸药的压制成型性

为了获得高聚物黏结炸药(PBX)压制成型的基本规律,对TATB基PBX进行等静压压制试验,研究了PBX压制过程中的一些力学行为,通过对力学和物理性能测试及SEM分析,得到PBX的微显结构和在成型过程中的性能参数变化规律。结果表明,在PBX颗粒压制成型过程中,成型件的密度、泊松比、压缩模量和压缩强度与压力呈对数函数关系。成型件泊松比、压缩强度与压缩模量随成型密度的增加快速增大。延长保压时间可以有效提高压实密度,使成型效果更好。

纯铝等径角挤技术(Ⅱ)——变形行为模拟

通过有限元模拟和坐标网格,对纯铝等径角挤过程的变形行为进行了模拟和试验。结果表明,纯铝在单道次等径角挤压过程中所需的载荷随着样品位移的增加大致可分为快速增加、缓慢增加、快速增加、载荷值趋于稳定、载荷下降5个阶段。由于样品外部在主要变形区的流动速率比样品内部的快,因而样品在等径角挤压过程中会出现不均匀变形,样品底部沿宽度方向的塑性变形量明显少于样品顶部和中部的,坐标网格法实验结果也证明了这一点。在等径角挤压过程中,样品不同部位的应力状态不一致,样品内部存在压应力→拉应力的转变,样品外部存在压应力→拉应力→压应力的转变。摩擦消除后,有效应变有所增加,但并不能降低样品变形的不均匀性;采用尖角模具既能产生更大的剪切应变,又能提高变形的均匀性。

高轴压比钢-混凝土组合剪力墙压弯性能试验研究

通过对13片不同形式的高轴压比、大剪跨比剪力墙进行往复水平力加载试验,研究墙体两端暗柱设置型钢、墙身增设内藏钢板等形式组合剪力墙的压弯承载力、延性性能及破坏机理。试验结果表明:基本试件、两端暗柱设置型钢试件、内藏钢板试件的破坏过程相近,两端暗柱设置型钢试件和内藏钢板试件裂缝条数较多、宽度较小,内藏钢板试件的破坏情况相对较轻;两端暗柱设置型钢、增设内藏钢板,对压弯承载力、变形能力提高显著;组合剪力墙轴压比计算可以计入两端型钢和内藏钢板的作用。根据试验结果,提出钢板组合剪力墙压弯承载力计算的建议公式。

等径角挤压制备的超细晶AZ91D镁合金块材的腐蚀行为

采用原位腐蚀、全浸泡腐蚀和电化学腐蚀,研究等径角挤压制备的超细晶AZ91D镁合金块材在3.5%(质量分数)氯化钠溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:超细晶AZ91D镁合金中α固溶体晶粒细小(1～2μm);铸态组织中网状β相被破碎、细化成10μm左右的粒子,孤立且均匀分布于α固溶体上;形变细化降低合金在含氯介质中的耐蚀性,表现出更严重的腐蚀形貌、更快的腐蚀速度、极化测试中更大的腐蚀电流密度、电化学阻抗频谱中更小的极化电阻,且合金腐蚀行为由局部腐蚀转变成严重的均匀腐蚀。引起合金块材耐蚀性下降因素有2个:一是形变α固溶体的化学活性较高(源于应变产生的大量高能晶体缺陷,如大角度晶界、高密度位错等);二是细化的β相丧失了阻滞腐蚀介质向α固溶体扩展的屏障作用。

热压工艺参数对单向复合材料层板密实状态的影响

为了提高复合材料的质量稳定性并降低成本,需要研究纤维密实状态的变化规律及其影响因素。采用密实指数Ic表征单向复合材料层板中纤维的密实程度,进而研究了热压工艺下压力、加压时机及铺层层数对密实指数的影响规律。结果表明,密实指数随压力的增大呈非线性增大,随加压点树脂粘度的增大而减小,随铺层层数的增大呈线性减小。该研究结果为优化热压成型工艺窗口和短程流动模型的建立提供了重要的实验依据。

铌基表面MoSi_2涂层的制备及其高温抗氧化性能

为了提高纯铌材料的高温抗氧化性能,采用热压烧结技术在纯铌表面制备了MoSi2涂层,利用水玻璃对涂层进行浸泡处理,分析了热压烧结制备涂层的微观组织,探讨了涂层在1200℃的高温氧化行为。结果表明,热压制备的MoSi2涂层端面的致密度远高于侧面涂层的致密度。铌基/MoSi2涂层在1200℃氧化20 h后涂层失效。通过水玻璃浸泡处理后,铌基/MoSi2涂层氧化80 h仍然保持完整,归因于水玻璃高温分解的SiO2对涂层孔隙的封闭作用和MoSi2涂层氧化过程产生的玻璃态SiO2氧化膜的阻挡作用。

PBX压制过程中细观力学行为的二维数值模拟

应用圆形近似,建立了炸药颗粒随机分布的细观力学模型。进行了基于物质点法的奥克托今(HMX)基高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)炸药压制过程中力学行为的数值模拟。重点分析了压制过程中体系的应力和温度的变化以及晶体颗粒的变形。模拟结果表明,压制过程可以分为整合和巩固两个阶段。在整合阶段,颗粒受到压力而重新排列,应力产生于颗粒与压缩面的接触部分,并形成了多条的应力链。应力链沿炸药颗粒间的接触面向上和向下传播,体系在受力的过程中温度逐渐升高,体系局部最大温升为10K。体系进入巩固阶段的塑性形变过程后,内部应力梯度减小,同时体系内部明显存在温差,最大温差为20K。

循环形变对超细晶铜室温拉伸行为的影响

研究了循环形变处理对等通道转角挤压方法(ECAP)制备的超细晶铜(UFG—Cu)室温拉伸行为的影响.与制备态 相比,循环形变处理后UFG—Cu的塑性变形行为发生了明显的变化,在应力-应变曲线上出现流变应力的平台区,在此区域没 有应变硬化和颈缩发生,均匀延伸率由制备态的约2％提高到约6％.探讨了该阶段变形的机制以及导致这种变化的可能因素.

等径角挤压制备的超细晶Al-5%Cu合金块材的腐蚀行为

采用全浸泡腐蚀和电化学腐蚀研究等径角挤压制备的超细晶铝铜合金块材在氯化钠溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:超细晶铝铜合金中基体相α(Al)晶粒细小(为200～300nm);铸态组织中网状θ相(Al2Cu)破碎、细化成10μm左右的颗粒并均匀分布于形变α(Al)基体上;形变细化提高铝铜合金在氯化钠介质中的耐蚀性能,表现出全浸泡腐蚀中更轻的腐蚀程度、电化学测试中更大的极化电阻、更正的自腐蚀电位和点蚀电位、更小的腐蚀电流密度。