Shape design of the reinforcement for bending load-carrying capacity of under-matched butt joint under four-point bending load

To improve the bending load-carrying capacity （ BLCC） of under-matched butt joint under four-point bending load in the elastic stage, the shape design of the reinforcement is studied based on the theoretics of mechanics of materials. The concept, criterion, realization condition and design proposal of equal bending load-carrying capacity （EBLCC） are put forward. The theoretical analysis results have been verified by the finite element method. The simulation results are coincident basically with the ones of theoretical analysis. The research results show that the shape design of the reinforcement of EBLCC can improve BLCC of under-matched butt joint and the unilateral-side type reinforcement can replace double-side symmetry

Ultimate Bending Capacity of Strain Hardening Steel Pipes

Based on Hencky＇s total strain theory of plasticity,ultimate bending capacity of steel pipes can be determined analytically assuming an elastic-linear strain hardening material,the simplified analytical solution is proposed as well.Good agreement is observed when ultimate bending capacities obtained from analytical solutions are compared with experimental results from full-size tests of steel pipes.Parametric study conducted as part of this paper indicates that the strain hardening effect has significant influence on the ultimate bending capacity of steel pipes.It is shown that pipe considering strain hardening yields higher bending capacity than that of pipe assumed as elastic-perfectly plastic material.Thus,the ignorance of strain hardening effect,as commonly assumed in current codes,may underestimate the ultimate bending capacity of steel pipes.The solutions proposed in this paper are applicable in the design of offshore/onshore steel pipes,supports of offshore platforms and other tubular structural steel members.

Using a GIS to Assessment the Load-Carrying Capacity of Soil Case of Berhoum Area, Hodna Basin, (Eastern Algeria)

The concept of load-carrying capacity of the soil can be evaluated by two main components: permissible stress and permissible depth;and therefore, running it begins its assessment that allows an outline of exploitation. Nevertheless, the assessment of the load-carrying capacity made the object of several works of research and many models, based on the multi-criteria analysis, have been established. This work examines the contribution of GIS approach to assessment load-carrying capacity of the soil. This one has been finished in two practicums: 1) Assessment of the capacity of soil by a multi-criteria approach, using the Weighted Sum Model (WSM);2) It brought to use the GIS approach to evaluate and spatialize degree of soil bearing stresses resulting from the buildings, as well as load distribution. The method has been applied to the Berhoum area of Hodna Basin, in eastern Algeria, where each is characterized by its various natural properties and density of equipment. Final results are better in the classification of the degree of load-carrying capacity possible in each site. This results in allowing exploiters to program their optimal designs for the rational management of the area.

Boundary slippage for generating hydrodynamic load-carrying capacity

Boundary slippage is used to generate the load-carrying capacity of the hydrodynamic contact between two parallel plane surfaces. In the fluid inlet zone, the fluidcontact interfacial shear strength on a stationary surface is set at low to generate boundary slippage there, while in the fluid outlet zone the fluid-contact interfacial shear strength on the stationary surface is set at high enough to prevent the occurrence of boundary slippage. The fluid-contact interfacial shear strength on the entire moving surface is set at high enough to prevent boundary slippage on the moving surface. These hydrodynamic contact configurations are analyzed to generate the pronounced load-carrying capacity. The optimum ratio of the outlet zone width to the inlet zone width for the maximum load-carrying capacity of the whole contact is found to be 0.5.

A Discusion on Limited Load-Carrying Capacity of Rectangular Plates

The elastic-plastic method is often used in designing the inner flat bulkhead plates of submarines, and the upper structure of ships and drilling platforms. Such bulkhead plates can bear the load only once. For the improvement of the load-carrying capacity or the reduction of the weight of plates, the yield line analytical method is employed in this paper to design the bulkhead plate to improve economy and increase the effiective load. Besides, a further sutdy of this method has been made theoretically and experimentally, and the data of the limited load-carrying capacity of the plate have been obtained. Furthermore, the safety coefficients for such a method are presented, which can be used as reference for related departments and staffs.

Strength performance of mortise and loose-tenon furniture joints under uniaxial bending moment

We determined the effects of adhesive type and loose tenon dimensions （length and thickness） on bending strength of T-shaped mor- tise and loose-tenon joints. Polyvinyl acetate （PVAc） and two-component polyurethane （PU） adhesives were used to construct joint specimens. The bending moment capacity of joints increased significantly with increased length and thickness of the loose tenon. Bending moment capacity of joints constructed with PU adhesive was approximately 13% higher than for joints constructed with PVAc adhesive. We developed a predictive equation as a function of adhesive type and loose tenon dimensions to estimate the strength of the joints constructed of oriental beech （Fagus orientalis L.） under uniaxial bending load.

Bending behaviour of lightweight aggregate concrete-filled steel tube spatial truss beam

A lightweight aggregate concrete-filled steel tube(LACFST) spatial truss beam was tested under bending load. The performance was studied by the analysis of the beam deflection and strains in its chords and webs. According to the test results, several assumptions were made to deduce the bearing capacity calculation method based on the force balance of the whole section. An optimal dimension relationship for the truss beam chords was proposed and verified by finite element analysis. Results show that the LACFST spatial truss beam failed after excessive deflection. The strain distribution agreed with Bernoulli-Euler theoretical prediction. The truss beam flexural bearing capacity calculation results matched test evidence with only a 3% difference between the two. Finite element analyses with different chord dimensions show that the ultimate bearing capacity increases as the chord dimensions increase when the chords have a diameter smaller than optimal one; otherwise, it remains almost unchanged as the chord dimensions increase.

Bending Resistance of Steel Plate-Reinforced Concrete Beam

The formulas for calculating bending-resistant capacity of a steel plate-reinforced concrete composite beam are derived. To validate the formulas, experiments of the composite beam under three-point bending are carried out. Calculated results based on the formulas are in good agreement with experimental results.

Experimental study on centrifugal concrete-filled steel tubes under bending and torsion

A real-size experiment on 11 tubes was done to study the performance of centrifugal concrete-filled steel tubes under bending and torsion. This paper first introduces the relevant operating method, equipment, subjects and processes. The factors that affect deformation and stiffness and the break mechanism under different loading were studied. Experimental stress analysis showed that the values of practical critical stress of steel tubes accorded well with the MISES Yielding Rule. The correlative equation (on the bearing capacity of a structural member under bending and torsion) deduced in this study may provide valuable reference for the desima of this structural member.

工艺孔对大截面部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁受弯性能影响的试验研究

为了研究工艺孔对大截面部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁(大截面PEC梁)受弯性能的影响,对5根不同构造的大截面PEC梁进行了静力试验,研究了两点加载下主次梁腹板开洞方式对大截面PEC梁试件受弯性能、延性、破坏模式等的影响规律。结果表明:静力荷载作用下,各个试件均表现出良好的延性,腹部开孔对试件承载力和截面刚度有一定的削弱作用。型钢主钢件的应变与混凝土的应变沿截面高度方向均大致呈线性变化,符合平截面假定。按《部分包覆钢-混凝土组合结构技术规程》(T/CECS 719—2020)计算得到的开工艺孔的大截面PEC梁抗弯承载力与试验值误差较小,受尺寸效应影响不大,所采用计算公式安全可靠。

局部半包裹部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁受弯性能试验研究

针对部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁柱节点区域后浇筑混凝土不易密实的问题,研究了受拉侧混凝土对局部半包裹部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁(局部半包裹PEC梁)受弯性能的影响,进行了2根不同构造的局部半包裹PEC梁的四点弯曲试验,模拟局部半包裹PEC梁负弯矩区受力状态,对其受弯性能、延性、破坏形式等展开分析。结果表明:局部半包裹PEC梁表现出良好的延性,挠度达到l_(0)/50时截面抗弯承载力并未下降。型钢主钢件、混凝土的应变沿截面高度方向大致呈线性变化,可引用平截面假定计算受弯承载力及刚度。局部半包裹PEC梁受拉侧混凝土对其极限承载力与破坏模式影响不大,在计算局部半包裹PEC梁柱节点受力时可不考虑受拉侧混凝土作用,节点后浇筑区域可采用半包裹填充,以加快施工进度。此外,对局部半包裹PEC梁进行建模,进行梁受弯过程的有限元分析,对比模拟结果与试验结果,二者荷载-挠度曲线吻合较好,误差均在10%以内。

钢筋增强钢夹板-螺栓连接胶合木梁受力性能试验研究

为改善钢夹板-螺栓连接胶合木梁的刚度在到达极限荷载55%~70%区间内存在减小的问题,设计制作了3组共12根钢筋增强钢夹板-螺栓连接胶合木梁,通过改变配筋率进行三分点加载试验,并与相同设计参数的胶合木梁和钢夹板-螺栓连接胶合木梁进行对比试验。观察记录试件的受力过程和破坏现象,实测各组试件的极限承载力、荷载位移曲线和应变曲线,对比分析增强筋对各组试件破坏机理、抗弯刚度和极限承载力的影响规律。试验结果表明:与钢夹板-螺栓连接胶合木梁相比,钢筋增强钢夹板-螺栓连接胶合木梁的抗弯承载力和整体弯曲刚度在增强筋的作用下均有显著提高,钢夹板-螺栓连接试验梁在到达极限荷载55%~70%区间内刚度减少问题得到明显改善。钢筋增强钢夹板-螺栓连接试验梁的破坏形式随着配筋率的增大,逐渐由受拉脆性破坏向受拉延性破坏再到受压延性破坏进行转变。增强梁截面应变沿高度方向的分布基本符合平截面假定。依据试验数据和理论推导,得出了钢筋增强钢夹板-螺栓连接试验梁抗弯计算公式,其理论结果与试验结果吻合较好。研究表明,在钢夹板-螺栓连接胶合木梁受拉区配置增强筋可以有效改善其后期刚度减少的问题,并提升其抗弯性能,可为此类连接木梁的增强提供理论依据和试验支撑。

工字形钢梁-矩形钢管柱单向螺栓节点抗弯承载力理论计算方法

针对工字形纯钢梁和钢-混凝土组合梁分别与矩形钢管柱和矩形钢管混凝土柱采用单向螺栓(也称单边拧紧螺栓)连接形成的4种节点形式,对其在弯矩作用下的受力机理及破坏模式进行分析,讨论导致节点失效的因素。总结节点在弯矩作用下的9种失效模式,包括:单向螺栓拉断、端板受弯屈服、矩形钢管柱壁翼板受拉屈服、矩形钢管柱壁翼板受压屈服、矩形钢管柱壁腹板受压屈曲、混凝土楼板局部压溃、钢筋屈服、矩形钢管柱内混凝土局部压溃、矩形钢管柱壁腹板受压屈服,进而基于破坏模式给出节点各组件承载力的计算公式。对4种节点在不同破坏模式下的正弯矩承载力和负弯矩承载力进行分析,给出节点承载力计算公式。将节点抗弯承载力的理论计算结果与试验结果进行对比,验证理论计算方法的可靠性。

砂土中冲刷条件下三筒基础水平承载特性研究

通过开展小比尺三筒基础承载力模型试验,研究冲刷条件下三筒基础水平承载特性,建立数值模型对模型试验结果进行验证与扩展,分析水平和弯矩荷载下,冲刷率e和相对筒间距S/D对极限承载力的影响,提出三筒基础极限承载力的冲刷修正系数dhe、dme的计算方法;采用固定荷载比方法,通过数值模型计算M-H加载条件下三筒基础的破坏包络线,分析冲刷率e和相对筒间距S/D对复合加载特性的影响,提出冲刷条件下三筒基础M-H破坏包络线公式。研究结果表明:冲刷条件下的三筒基础受水平和弯矩作用直至破坏的过程,经历弹性变形—塑性变形—失稳破坏3个阶段;三筒基础的水平极限承载力随冲刷率e的增大而下降,且下降速率逐渐增大,相同长径比的三筒基础的水平极限承载力随相对筒间距的减小而降低;随着冲刷率e的提高,三筒基础的M-H破坏包络线向内移动,随着相对筒间距S/D增大,归一化破坏包络线呈上凸的趋势。

岩棉复合保温外模板承载力及温度效应分析

为了提高建筑外围护结构施工效率及解决传统外保温系统长期存在的易脱落和易着火问题,提出了一种集保温和建筑模板于一体的岩棉复合保温外模板(RW-CIEF)体系。RW-CIEF由内到外依次为内侧加强层、岩棉保温芯材、黏结层、保温过渡层以及外侧加强层。以哈尔滨市为例,基于全寿命周期成本(life cycle cost,C lc)确定了岩棉保温芯材的最佳厚度。采用有限元分析与理论计算相结合的方法探求了RW-CIEF在工程中的可行性,分析了RW-CIEF的抗弯性能、施工承载力及温度效应下的应力和变形,讨论了开槽形式、开槽宽度、开槽深度以及开槽间距对RW-CIEF抗弯性能的影响。结果表明:RW-CIEF的抗弯性能理论计算结果与有限元分析结果有较高的一致性;开槽处理可有效提高RW-CIEF的抗弯性能,综合抗弯性能、热工特性及加工角度,建议开槽形式选用对应开井字槽或对应开纵槽,开槽深度和宽度均为10 mm,开槽间距为150 mm;设计的RW-CIEF满足施工承载力,可保证外围护结构保温工程施工质量;由温度效应产生的最大拉应力和压应力均未超过RW-CIEF的外侧加强层承载力,反映出RW-CIEF出现夏季空鼓或冬季开裂现象的可能性极小。提出的RW-CIEF体系可为外围护结构保温工程及建筑模板工程未来研究方向提供一种新的思路和方法。

型钢-UHPC轻型组合桥面板及其抗弯性能研究

正交异性钢桥面是目前800m以上国内外特大跨径钢桥的唯一选择,主因是自重轻、强度高、架设方便。但其存在疲劳开裂风险大、运维成本高的缺点。随着高性能材料UHPC的研发和应用,为构建自重轻、病害少、经济性好的桥面新结构提供了可能性。经过多年研究,作者提出一种新型桥面板结构——型钢-UHPC轻型组合桥面结构,将型钢、钢板条与UHPC组合,桥面板的形成无任何板件焊接,因而具有高抗疲劳性,且与传统钢桥面相比,自重持平、造价减半,可作为除“正交异性钢桥面”外的“第二种”大跨径钢桥的桥面结构方案。该文研究这种轻型组合桥面板预制板及横向接缝的抗弯性能,制作4个条带模型(包括2个预制板试件和2个接缝试件),开展三点弯曲的横向接缝负弯矩试验和预制板正弯矩试验,并对试验结果进行分析;基于“条带法”建立预制板试件极限承载力计算模型,提出接缝试件的UHPC开裂名义拉应力计算方法;基于某斜拉桥应用实例,进行整体计算和局部计算,验证新型组合桥面结构在实桥上应用的可行性。研究结果表明:(1)型钢与UHPC间在极限状态前相对滑移非常小,具有良好的协同受力性能;(2)预制板试件的正弯矩极限承载力以型钢屈服控制,而接缝试件负弯矩极限承载力以UHPC开裂和加密钢筋断裂控制;(3)接缝试件的“T形”接缝、加密钢筋、燕尾形的企口、交错式切割型钢钢条等构造设计对接缝整体抗弯拉性能有很好的提高效果;(4)预制板试件极限承载力计算模型所得计算值与试验值吻合良好,该模型搭配名义拉应力计算方法,可帮助工程实际问题的设计与应用;(5)试验结果与实桥的有限元计算值相比,新型桥面结构均有1.3倍以上的安全系数,新型组合桥面应用于实桥具有可行性。

玄武岩纤维增强复合材料拉挤圆管抗弯性能研究

为使玄武岩纤维增强复合材料(Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer,BFRP)拉挤圆管在桥梁工程中得到更广泛地应用,对其抗弯性能进行试验及有限元分析。对2根长度为750 mm的BFRP拉挤圆管进行三点抗弯试验;采用LS-DYNA有限元软件对试验过程进行模拟,验证有限元模拟的正确性;在保持BFRP拉挤圆管总厚度不变的条件下,研究内、外层双向纤维布的铺设厚度和角度对抗弯性能的影响。结果表明:试件从加载至破坏分为线弹性阶段、下降阶段和残余阶段,试件破坏后残余强度较大且卸载后迅速回弹恢复几何形状;有限元模拟试件的荷载~滑移曲线、失效现象和试验结果吻合较好,有限元模拟正确;布置适量厚度的内、外层双向纤维布可以提高试件的抗弯承载力;将内、外层双向纤维布铺设方向由90°变为45°后,抗弯承载力进一步提高,随着外层45°纤维布厚度增加,破坏时的挠度下降。建议制作BFRP拉挤圆管时,布置适量厚度的双向纤维布,角度以45°为宜。

含引气剂海工混凝土的抗冻性能及其梁受弯承载力

为了研究引气剂对海工混凝土抗冻性能及其梁受弯承载力的影响,对2种配合比6根海工混凝土梁及相应的冻损试件进行总计100次快速冻融试验;采用质量损失率、动弹性模量损伤度和抗压强度损失率对混凝土冻融损伤程度进行有效评价;考虑混凝土抗压强度退化以及等效矩形应力图系数的变化,提出了冻融作用下海工混凝土梁正截面受弯承载力计算公式。结果表明:加入引气剂可以增强海工混凝土的抗冻性能,降低梁的开裂弯矩退化速率,但会降低混凝土强度和梁的极限弯矩;在150次冻融循环内,提出的模型能够较好地预测冻融作用下海工混凝土梁的正截面受弯承载力。

基于能力保护的新型拉压双向限位装置设计方法研究

为保护通航渡槽结构缝之间止水不被破坏,提出替代止水受力的新型拉压双向限位装置.此装置力学特征类似销轴耳板连接结构,此类结构有多重破坏模式的弱点.为克服此弱点,结合《钢结构设计标准》(GB 50017—2017)中销轴耳板连接结构设计方法,在该装置的静力设计中,基于能力保护的设计思想提出了以单一销轴弯曲破坏为该装置破坏模式的设计方法.基于实体有限元数值模拟,分析了加载过程中此装置整体与各部件的受力-变形曲线特点.结果表明:以外荷载-整体变形量曲线不出现塑性特征为依据,判定装置的静力承载力大于设计外荷载、设计方法偏于安全;通过销轴的外荷载-弯曲变形量曲线与限位装置的外荷载-整体变形量曲线显现的非线性特征相一致以及板的外荷载-整体变形量曲线在加载过程中基本保持线性状态,说明板是被保护构件、装置破坏模式为单一的销轴弯曲破坏.研究结果表明此设计方法现实可行.

黄河“几”字弯都市圈资源环境承载力与经济发展耦合协调研究

在生态文明建设理念下,如何实现生态脆弱区资源环境与经济的协调发展,已成为我国亟待解决的问题之一。以典型生态脆弱区黄河“几”字弯都市圈21个地级市为例,基于2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年的资源环境与经济发展数据,运用熵权TOPSIS法分析资源环境承载力状况,并引入耦合协调度模型揭示资源环境承载力与经济发展水平耦合协调关系及其时空演变特征,结果表明:黄河“几”字弯都市圈资源环境承载力呈波动上升趋势,区域差异显著;资源环境承载力与经济发展水平的耦合协调度整体逐渐趋向于更高程度的耦合;通过莫兰指数分析发现,黄河“几”字弯都市圈资源环境承载力与经济发展水平耦合协调度为显著空间正相关。