Relationship between nutritional therapy and beneficial bacteria ratio in severe disease

Objective:To evaluate relationship between changes in the beneficial bacteria in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and nutritional therapy type.Methods:Ten patients aged≥18 years admitted to the ICU between January and December 2020,were included.Good enteral nutrition was defined as early achievement of target calorie intake through enteral feeding.The ratio of beneficial bacteria at the first and second bowel movements after each patient’s admission was calculated and the patients were classified into the increase or decrease group.Among all patients,five each were in the increase and decrease groups.We investigated patient background,changes in sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation(APACHE)Ⅱscores,nutritional doses or methods,and clinical outcomes.Results:No relationship was found between changes in the ratio of beneficial bacteria and changes in SOFA/APACHEⅡscores at the time of admission.The rate of good enteral nutrition was significantly higher in the increase group than in the decrease group(4/5 vs.0/5,P=0.01).Conclusions:An increase in beneficial bacteria may be significantly related to the early establishment of enteral nutrition.In the future,accumulating cases may make it possible to establish a new nutritional strategy for critically ill patients from an intestinal microbiota perspective.

Recovery of metals and other beneficial products from coal fly ash： a sustainable approach for fly ash management

Increasing production and disposal of coal fly ash （CFA） is a matter of serious environment concern. However, CFA contains various beneficial metals and mineral matters whose demand is increasing in the industrialized world, while natural supplies are diminishing. Therefore, recovery of these potential resources from CFA can be an alternative way to save mineral resources, as well as to reduce the environmental burden of CFA disposal. There are numerous methods developed for the recovery of beneficial products from CFA. Based on the US patents and journal literatures, the present review describes the recovery status and technologies of major elements such as Al, Si, Fe and Ti, and trace elements such as V, Ga, Ge, Se, Li, Mo, U, Au, Ag, Pt groups and rare earth elements （REEs） and other beneficial products such as magnetic materials, cenospheres, and unburned carbon from CFA. It also highlights the recovery efficiency and drawbacks for their extraction, and suggests future research to develop satisfactory results in terms of selective recovery and purification.

Responses of Bruguiera sexangula propagules to beneficial microbes in the nursery

Bruguiera sexangula （Lout） Poir., a threatened mangrove tree, was inoculated with beneficial microbes in a nursery to assess any improvements in growth and bio- mass. From soil samples from the rhizosphere of B. sexangula in a mangrove forest in Panangadu of Kerala India, nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense were isolated. The phosphatesolubilising bacterium Bacillus megaterium and potassiummobilizing bacteria Frateruria aurantia were also isolated and cultured on suitable media. Later, ripe propagules of B. sexangula were collected from matured trees and raised in sterilized soil bags （13 × 25 cm） containing sterilized soil and sand （2：1 ratio）. The cultured beneficial microbes were propagated and used to inoculate the ripe propagules of B. sexangula and maintained in the nursery for 6 months. After 6 months, growth and biomass of the inoculated propagules were greater than for the uninoculated control propagules. Shoot length, number of leaves, stem girth and root length were also significantly greater than in the controls. This study showed that the mangrove-specific beneficial microbes influenced the growth of B. sexangula

Diversity of cultivable endophytic bacteria associated with halophytes in Xinjiang of China and their plant beneficial traits

Endophytic bacteria from halophytes have a wide range of application prospects in various fields,such as plant growth-promoting,biocontrol activity and stress resistance.The current study aimed to identify cultivable endophytic bacteria associated with halophytes grown in the salt-affected soil in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China and to evaluate their plant beneficial traits and enzyme-producing activity.Endophytic bacteria were isolated from Reaumuria soongorica(PalL Maxim.),Artemisia carvifolia(Buch.-Ham.ex Roxb.Hort.Beng.),Peganum harmala L.and Suaeda dendroides(C.A.Mey.Moq.)by using the cultural-dependent method.Then we classified these bacteria based on the difference between their sequences of 16S rRNA(16S ribosomal RNA)gene.Results showed that the isolated bacteria from R.soongorica belonged to the genera Brucella,Bacillus and Variovorax.The bacteria from A.carvifolia belonged to the genera Micromonospora and Brucella.The bacteria from P.harmala belonged to the genera Paramesorhizobium,Bacillus and Peribacillus.The bacteria from S.dendroides belonged to the genus Bacillus.Notably,the genus Bacillus was detected in the three above plants,indicating that Bacillus is a common taxon of endophytic bacteria in halophytes.And,our results found that about 37.50%of the tested strains showed strong protease-producing activity,6.25%of the tested strains showed strong cellulase-producing activity and 12.50%of the tested strains showed moderate lipase-producing activity.Besides,all isolated strains were positive for IAA(3-Indoleacetic acid)production,31.25%of isolated strains exhibited a moderate phosphate solubilization activity and 50.00%of isolated strains exhibited a weak siderophore production activity.Our findings suggest that halophytes are valuable resources for identifying microbes with the ability to increase host plant growth and health in salt-affected soils.

Beneficial effects of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on the body

Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion(I/R) is a common problem in clinic and there is no satisfactory method for prevention or treatment of I/R injury so far.Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia(CIHH),similar to the concept of ischemia preconditioning(IPC)or altitude hypoxia adaptation(AHA),has been recognized to confer a protective effect on heart against I/R injury with a longer protective effect than IPC and a less adverse effect than AHA.It has been proved that CIHH increases myocardial tolerance to ischemia or hypoxia,reserving cardiac function and preventing arrhythmia during I/R.Multiple mechanisms or pathway underlying the cardiac protection of CIHH have been proposed,such as induction of heatshock protein,enhancement of myocardial antioxidation capacity,increase of coronary flow and myocardial capillary angiogenesis,activation of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-sensitive potassium channels,inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pores,and activation of protein kinase C(PKC) and induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS).In addition,CIHH has been found having many beneficial effects on the body,such as promotion of health,increase of oxygen utilization,and prevention or treatment for some diseases.The beneficial effects of CIHH and potential mechanisms are reviewed mainly based on the researches performed by our group.

Naringin as a beneficial natural product against degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection in the adult brain

The progressive degeneration of nigral dopaminergic（DA）neurons and the biochemical reduction of striatal dopamine levels are associated with major clinical symptoms,including tremor at rest,rigidity of the limbs,slowness and paucity of voluntary movement（bradykinesia）.

Beneficial roles silicon plays in agriculture

Silicon（Si）,asecondmostabundantelementinsoil,is nonessential but beneficial for higher plants.Silicon addition can result in improved plant growth, yield and quality.Indeed, application of Si fertilizer is a rather common agricultural practice in many countries and regions, especially in Southeast Asian countries.

Endophytic bacteria associated with halophyte Seidlitzia rosmarinus Ehrenb.ex Boiss.from saline soil of Uzbekistan and their plant beneficial traits

Endophytic bacteria of halophytic plants play essential roles in salt stress tolerance.Therefore,an understanding of the true nature of plant-microbe interactions under extreme conditions is essential.The current study aimed to identify cultivable endophytic bacteria associated with the roots and shoots of Seidlitzia rosmarinus Ehrenb.ex Boiss.grown in the salt-affected soil in Uzbekistan and to evaluate their plant beneficial traits related to plant growth stimulation and stress tolerance.Bacteria were isolated from the roots and the shoots of S.rosmarinus using culture-dependent techniques and identified by the 16S rRNA gene.RFLP(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism)analysis was conducted to eliminate similar isolates.Results showed that the isolates from the roots of S.rosmarinus belonged to the genera Rothia,Kocuria,Pseudomonas,Staphylococcus,Paenibacillus and Brevibacterium.The bacterial isolates from the shoots of S.rosmarinus belonged to the genera Staphylococcus,Rothia,Stenotrophomonas,Brevibacterium,Halomonas,Planococcus,Planomicrobium and Pseudomonas,which differed from those of the roots.Notably,Staphylococcus,Rothia and Brevibacterium were detected in both roots and shoots,indicating possible migration of some species from roots to shoots.The root-associated bacteria showed higher levels of IAA(indole-3-acetic acid)synthesis compared with those isolated from the shoots,as well as the higher production of ACC(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate)deaminase.Our findings suggest that halophytic plants are valuable sources for the selection of microbes with a potential to improve plant fitness under saline soils.

Effects of Crop Rotation and Microbial Fertilizer on Nutrient Absorption and Beneficial Bacterium Abundance in Rhizosphere of Continuous Cropped Eggplant

Rotation is a method to effectively regulate the soil microbial community structure and alleviate the obstacles of continuous planting of eggplant in facilities.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the change of beneficial bacteria diversity and structure at the first fruit stage of continuous eggplant rhizosphere soil affected by rotation combined with Bacillus subtilis fertilizer.The result showed that beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere soil samples of eggplant at the phylum classification level included Actinobacteria,Chloroflexi,Acidobacteria,Planctomycetes and Cyanobacteria.At the level of genus classification,the beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere soil samples of eggplant were Bacillus,Arthrobacter,Sphingomonas and Streptomyces.The significantly differences were observed in the abundance of soil dominant bacteria and beneficial bacteria at phylum level and genus classification among different treatments.At the phylum level,compared with CK treatment,the relative abundances of Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria in BB treatment were increased by 34.4%and 20.2%,respectively.At the level of genus classification,the beneficial bacterial Arthrobacter abundance in BB treatment was 1.44 times than that of CK treatment and was significantly higher than that in CF treatment.Moreover,the total uptake of N,P and K by eggplants in BB treatment and BFN treatment were 1.68 and 1.35 times than those of CK treatment,respectively.The above results showed that the combined treatment of microbial fertilizer and rotation could increased the soil bacterial community diversity and the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the first fruit stage of eggplant,which indeed enhanced the absorption of N,P and K by continuous eggplant plants,thereby alleviating the obstacles of continuous cropping of eggplant.

Ingredients from integral valorization of Isabel grape to formulate goat yogurt with stimulatory effects on probiotics and beneficial impacts on human colonic microbiota in vitro

Isabel grape(IG)products have high contents of phenolic compounds and fiber recognized for their positive impacts on microorganisms associated with health benefits to host.This study evaluated the effects of goat yogurts formulated with ingredients from IG integral valorization on the growth and metabolism of different probiotic strains,as well as on the population of selected bacterial groups and metabolic activity of human colonic microbiota in vitro.Goat yogurts with IG ingredients(IGI)stimulated the growth of tested Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotic strains during a 48-h cultivation,as well as decreased the pH values and enhanced the organic acid production.Goat yogurts with IGI increased the population of Lactobacillus spp.and Bifidobacterium spp.during a 24-h in vitro colonic fermentation.A stable Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio close to 1 was found in media with goat yogurt formulations during the colonic fermentation,being similar to the effect caused by fructooligosaccharides.Goat yogurt formulations with IGI caused increased production of short-chain fatty acids and sugar consumption during colonic fermentation.Goat yogurts with IGI should be a valuable strategy for development of novel added-value foods with beneficial effects on gut microbiota and human health.

Beneficial Regulatory Effects of Sesamin on Intestinal Flora of Mice

The effects of sesamin on intestinal microflora of mice with normal diet were studied by in vitro animal feces anaerobic culture system.The results showed that treatment with sesamin could significantly change the intestinal flora structure of mice,increasing the abundance of probiotics Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria Enterococcus.High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that sesamin could affect the structure and composition of fecal microflora of mice,and the abundance of probiotics such as Bacillus and Bifidobacterium increased.Sesamin also could increase the expression of tight contiguous protein Occludin and Claudin-1 in colonic tissue of mice,which was benefit to the adhesion of probiotics.In conclusion,sesamin intervention could improve the composition and abundance of intestinal microorganisms in mice with normal diet,which had a beneficial regulatory effect on the intestinal health.

Chinese herbal medicines with beneficial effects

Among the vast resources of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)herbal species,only a handful of Chinese herbs are growing in frigid regions or extreme environment but they have a unique property.The most recognizable TCM herb falling in this category is Panax ginseng,which is widely considered the representative tonic herb with oceans of beneficial effects on human health.In this article,we will introduce several typical Chinese herbal medicines with beneficial effects aiming to arouse broader attention from the scientific community to expand the exploration and exploitation on this for their potential applications to meet the increasingly demanding medical needs.

The Game between FDI and the Beneficial Policies of Host Country

Foreign direct investment （FDI） has great function to the growth of the economy in various countries. The beneficial policies of the foreign capitals are the main means to various countries to absorb FDI. Utilizing this means appropriately and designing beneficial policies, which can make the host country get the maximized revenue of utilizing FDI, are the key to absorb FDI effectively. In this paper, we set up a game model between the level of the host country＇s beneficial policies and the scale of FDI, and analyze what the key factors that influence the level of host country＇s beneficial policies are and how to decide the level of beneficial policies according to these key factors.

论民营经济促进法的六项核心原则

为提振投资信心、增强企业活力、促进共同富裕,制定民营经济促进法迫在眉睫。该法应确立六项核心原则:地位平等、共同发展、公平竞争、互利合作、平等监管与平等保护。这些原则相辅相成,不可或缺,同频共振,共同构成民营经济促进法的四梁八柱。地位平等包括市场地位、法律地位与社会地位的平等。共同发展意味着,民营经济与公有制经济都享有平等的生存权发展权,不存在零和游戏。公平竞争意味着,民营经济与公有制经济自由竞争、公平竞争。互利合作意味着,民营经济与公有制经济应当优势互补,共同孕育混合所有制经济。平等监管意味着,政府在“放管服”过程中平等对待各类经济形态。平等保护意味着,权利人在权益受侵时都能获得平等的有效救济。只有将六项核心原则融入民营经济促进法从总则到分则的规范体系,才能确保该法的可诉性、可裁性与可执行性,才能把该法铸造为民营企业家有恒产有恒心的长效定心丸。根治假国企乱象的治本之策就是落实平等原则。

庐山温泉降氟提质效果与机理研究

经济高效降氟并保留有益组分是含氟温泉水提质为安全饮用水亟待解决的难题。以庐山温泉水为研究对象,采用食品级碱式碳酸镁(FGBMC)作为降氟剂,研究碳酸镁吸附温泉水中氟的机理与效果,以及振荡时间、投加量、振荡频率等主控因素对降氟效果及水质的影响。结果表明:FGBMC降氟效果显著,安全性高,能有效保留水体的有益组分。最佳方案为FGBMC投加量1.9 g、温泉水30 mL、T=25℃、在100 r/min的振荡条件下振荡60 min、随后静置30 min,F^(-)符合医疗价值浓度(>1.0 mg/L)和饮用天然矿泉水标准(<1.5 mg/L);有益组分H_(2)SiO_(3)、Sr、Li浓度符合饮用天然矿泉水的标准,降氟提质效果良好;FGBMC对F^(-)的吸附过程符合准一级、准二级动力学模型,吸附过程属于物理-化学吸附;表征结果表明,F^(-)与FGBMC表面之间存在离子交换反应和络合反应;模拟结果表明,有益组分F、Li主要以F^(-)、Li^(+)形态存在,Si以SiO_(2)、HSiO_(3)^(-)、NaHSiO_(3)形态为主,Sr以Sr^(2+)、SrCO_(3)、SrSO_(4)形态为主,pH值变化会引起Si、Sr主要形态转化。

微生物菌剂在提升果实品质中的作用研究进展

微生物菌剂是由1种或多种有益微生物所组成的制剂,可以应用于农业、畜牧、环保等领域中。利用微生物的代谢、多样性、繁殖能力以及其他的特殊功能够降解土壤中的农药残留、减少环境污染,提高土壤酶活性、优化根系生长、加快根系营养物质吸收、提升果实品质和产量。当前,农业生产中对果实品质要求日益增高,长期不合理施用化肥导致土壤养分供应不足、微生物群落结构失衡等现象频发,微生物菌剂的优势和应用潜力也逐渐显现。通过文献阅读和整理,介绍了微生物菌剂的类型与常见菌株、微生物菌剂对果实外观品质和内在品质的影响以及微生物菌剂在提升果实品质中的作用机理等方面的研究进展,并指出今后微生物菌剂在提升果实品质方面应侧重于研发高效微生物菌剂、探索微生物菌剂与其他栽培技术的联合应用、深入研究微生物菌剂与果实品质的关联机制、推动微生物菌剂的产业化应用等方面。

铜多金属硫化矿浮选工艺研究进展

铜多金属硫化矿嵌布关系复杂,传统的浮选工艺已不能完全满足工业生产需要,研发高效新型浮选工艺是该领域的重要研究课题。本文总结了7种新型浮选工艺在铜多金属硫化矿选别中的应用现状,分析了各种工艺的特点及适应性。新型浮选工艺具有适应性强、提质降耗明显等优点,在提高矿石处理能力、平衡循环负荷、缩短工艺流程及强化贵金属综合回收等方面具有明显的技术优势。未来,还需加强新型浮选工艺的联合应用和基础理论研究,为特效浮选药剂、高效浮选装备的研发提供理论支撑。

印度北部某4N8级高纯石英原料研究及其对我国的找矿启示

在直拉法拉制单晶硅棒的过程中,利用高纯石英砂制备的石英坩埚是必不可少的关键石英制品,因而在光伏、半导体产业起着举足轻重的作用。我国石英坩埚产业所用的高纯石英砂绝大部分来自美国、印度等境外的高纯石英原料矿。分析境外矿石原料的杂质赋存状态,开展提纯试验研究和资源评价,对寻找我国石英坩埚级高纯石英原料矿具有重要启示和意义。本文采用多种研究方法对印度北部某优质高纯石英原料矿石开展了岩相分析、工艺矿物学和提纯试验研究,结果表明,矿石的石英晶体粒径均一,内部纯净,包裹体主要分布于晶体边缘,面状包裹体稀少;矿石的最主要脉石矿物是含铁白云母,其次为铁氧化物、钛铁矿、锆石、独居石、磷钙钍石、金红石等,这些脉石矿物主要分布于石英晶体之间。根据矿石的杂质赋存状态,采用研磨分级-煅烧水淬-高梯度磁选-浮选-酸浸-氯化焙烧的提纯工艺,制得了4N8级高纯石英砂(15种杂质元素总含量<20×10^(-6),SiO_(2)纯度>99.998%);通过与IOTA CG高纯石英砂的对比分析,判定矿石制备的4N8级高纯石英砂可用作石英坩埚外层砂。本项研究实例对我国的找矿启示是:高纯石英原料找矿应遵循资源评价先行的原则,工艺矿物学研究和提纯试验在资源评价中不可或缺;建议国家尽快建立统一的高纯石英分级分类标准,将高纯石英原料矿列为独立矿种和战略性矿产资源,制定统一的勘查规范;要破解我国高纯石英原料找矿的难题,突破光伏半导体产业用高纯石英严重依赖美国、印度等境外供应的困局,需要矿产资源-高纯石英砂-石英制品-产业应用端的全产业链协同攻关。