Preparation,Crystal Structure,Thermal Decomposition and Explosive Properties of K_2(tza)_2(H_2O) (tza=Tetrazole-1-acetic Acid)

A new energetic compound based on the tetrazole-1-acetic acid （tza） and potassium（I） salt, K2（tza）2（H2O）, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR spectrum. Its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that the crystal belongs to the orthorhombic system, space group Pna21 with a = 1.11972（17） nm, b = 0.46647（7） nm, c = 2.5158（4） nm, V = 1.3140（3） nm3, K2C6H8N8O5, Mr = 350.40 g·mol-1, Dc = 1.771 g·cm^-3, μ（MoKα） = 0.759 mm^-1, F（000） = 712, Z = 4, R = 0.023 and wR = 0.0527 for 2961 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. The K（I） cation is six-coordinated with four O atoms from three carboxylate groups, one O atom from one H2O molecule and one N atom from tetrazolyl ring, in which each tza is coordinated in a tridentate chelating bridging coordination mode. The thermal decomposition mechanism of the title complex was studied by DSC and TG-DTG techniques. Under nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 10 K·min-1, the thermal decomposition of the complex contains one main exothermic process between 191.7 and 243.8 ℃ in the DSC curve. Its combustion heat was mensurated by oxygen bomb calorimetry. The non-isothermal kinetics parameters were calculated by the Kissinger＇s method and Ozawa-Doyle＇s method, respectively. The sensitivity properties of K2（tza）2（H2O） were also determined with standard methods, which was very sensitive to flame.

The auxin transporter OsAUX1 regulates tillering in rice(Oryza sativa)

Tillering is an important agronomic trait of rice(Oryza sativa)that affects the number of effective panicles,thereby affecting yields.The phytohormone auxin plays a key role in tillering.Here we identified the high tillering and semi-dwarf 1(htsd1)mutant with auxin-deficiency root characteristics,such as shortened lateral roots,reduced lateral root density,and enlarged root angles.htsd1 showed reduced sensitivity to auxin,but the external application of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)inhibited its tillering.We identified the mutated gene in htsd1 as AUXIN1(OsAUX1,LOC_Os01g63770),which encodes an auxin influx transporter.The promoter sequence of OsAUX1 contains many SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE(SPL)binding sites,and we demonstrated that SPL7 binds to the OsAUX1 promoter.TEOSINTE BRANCHED1(OsTB1),a key gene that negatively regulates tillering,was significantly downregulated in htsd1.Tillering was enhanced in the OsTB1 knockout mutant,and the external application of IAA inhibited tiller elongation in this mutant.Overexpressing OsTB1 restored the multi-tiller phenotype of htsd1.These results suggest that SPL7 directly binds to the OsAUX1 promoter and regulates tillering in rice by altering OsTB1 expression to modulate auxin signaling.

Regeneration Function Analysis of GmESR1 in Transgenic Soybean

ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION(ESR1)is an important regulator of plant regeneration in vitro,which promotes regeneration of plant.In this study,transgenic positive plants with normal expression of proteins were screened by molecular assay.Through the study of the transgenic plants and the control Dongnong 50,the difference between immature embryo-induced callus and induced shoot bud was observed.The increase in callus weight indicated that GmESR1 gene accelerated the formations of shoot buds.By measuring the changes of hormone in the process of induction callus of transgenic plants,it was found that the contents of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and zeatin(ZT)in transgenic lines were significantly increased.It could be concluded that GmESR1 gene promoted the accumulation of hormone and affected regeneration process.In addition,this study also verified the interaction between GmBIM1 gene and GmESR1 gene by bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC).

The Dependence of <i>N</i>-Malonyltryptophan Formation in Plants on Water Deficit (Review)

Drought stress in plants is accompanied by several metabolic changes. One of them is the appearance of N-malonyltryptophan (MT) during leaf wilting of many species, but there is a significant number of plant species in which the appearance of MT did not occur. Plants of some species were able to synthesize also N-acetyltryptophan (AT). Excised tomato leaves incubated with D-amino acids (including D-Trp) transform them into malonyl- and acetyl-derivatives even without water deficit. However, MT which appeared during water deficit has been shown to contain L-Trp. Amino acid—1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is also malonylated during water deficit, but other L-amino acids were not malonylated. N-malonyl transferases specific for Trp and ACC have been found in several plants. The existence of N-malonyltransferase specific to L-Trp and appeared during water deficit in plants forming MT is supposed, but clear experimental proof has not been obtained yet. Plants can transform MT applied exogenously into Trp and further to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). But no evidence has been appeared up to now that endogenous MT may be a source of IAA. It is unknown till now why it is necessary for plants of many species to malonylate only Trp during water deficit. How MT metabolized in animals and if it affects them is also unknown. The necessity to use molecular-genetic approaches for the elucidation of the physiological significance of MT formation during water deficit is underlined.