Current Status of the Fabrication of Li_4SiO_4and Beryllium Pebbles for CN HCCB TBM in SWIP

Tritium breeder and neutron multiplier as functional materials play an important role not only in ITER test blanket module （TBM） but also in fusion reactor. The paper describes the status of the fabrication of the two materials in Southwestern Institute of Physics （SWIP）. Li4SiO4 pebbles were fabricated by melt-spraying method. Most of the pebbles with the diazneter of 1.0 mm are well spherically shaped. The properties of the pebbles have been investigated. The results show that the pebbles produced by this method have a high density of 93% TD （theoretical density）. It was also found that the open/closed porosity will be decreased after thermal treatment, but the average crush load will be increased to 7 N. The rotating electrode process （REP） has been adopted to produce beryllium pebble for impurity control and mass production. The pebbles with the diameter of 1.0 mm were produced by REP. The beryllium pebbles produced by REP look almost perfectly spherical with a very smooth surface and a high density of 98% TD. The test results indicate that REP method has excellent prospects for the fabrication of beryllium pebbles and the attractiveness of their properties.

Influence of grain size on mechanical properties of isostatically pressed beryllium materials

Six kinds of beryllium powders with different particle sizes (4～15 μm) and low oxygen prepared by impact grinding were compacted and consolidated by cold hot isostatic pressing (CIP HIP). The tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and micro yield strength(MYS) of the materials were tested and it showed that the strength of the materials, especially the yield strength and micro yield strength(MYS) increase obviously with the refinement of grain size. From the XRD and TEM, the second phase is BeO which is finely dispersed in matrix. This is considered to be the main strengthening mechanism for CIP HIPed beryllium materials with higher purity.

Color Enhancement by Diffusion of Beryllium in Dark Blue Sapphire

Diffusion of beryllium was performed on dark blue sapphire from China and Australia.The samples were heated with beryllium as a dopant in a furnace at 1 600℃ for 42 hin air.After beryllium diffusion,samples were analyzed by UV-Vis,FTIR,and WD-XRF spectroscopy.After heat-treatment with Be as a catalyst,the irons of the ferrous state were changed to the ferric state.Therefore,reaction of Fe^(2+)/Ti^(4+) IVCT was decreased.The absorption peaks at 3 309cm^(-1) attributed to OH radical were disappeared completely due to carry out heat treatment.Consequently,the intensity of absorption band was decreased in the visible region.Especially,decreased absorption band in the vicinity of 570 nm was responsible for the lighter blue color.Therefore,we confirmed that the dark blue sapphires from China and Australia were changed to vivid blue.

Wavefunction and energy of the 1s^2 2sns configuration in a beryllium atom

A new set of trial functions for 1s^22sns configurations in a beryllium atom is suggested. A Mathematica program based on the variational method is developed to calculate the wavefunctions and energies of 1s^22sns （n = 3 - 6） configurations in a beryllium atom. Non-relativistic energy, polarization correction and relativistic correction which include mass correction, one- and two-body Darwin corrections, spin-spin contact interaction and orbit-orbit interaction, are calculated respectively. The results are in good agreement with experimental data.

Ore-Forming Mechanism of the Asikaerte Granitic Pegmagtite Beryllium Deposit in Xinjiang, China

Objective Granitic pegmatite has great significance for studying magmatic-hydrothermal evolution, which is the main formation mechanism of rare metal deposits. Conventionally, granitic pegmatite rare metal deposits are regarded as crystallization from H20-saturated granite magma that formed in the late fractional crystallization of granitic magma. However, some scholars recently believed that the liquid immiscibility of granitic magma promoted the formation of pegmatite deposits. The Asikaerte beryllium deposit in Xinjiang, China, bearing metallogenic belts from lower granite belt to upper pegmatite belt, could benefit us to understand the formation of pegmatite through analyzing fluid and melt inclusions data.

Analysis of beryllium poisoning effect on liquid metal reactor with U–Be alloy fuel

A liquid metal reactor(LMR) loaded with a fuel compound of uranium and beryllium(U-Be alloy fuel),which was cooled by a lead-bismuth eutectic alloy(PbBi),has been applied in Russian Alfa-class nuclear submarines.Because of the large amount of beryllium in the core, the reaction between the beryllium atoms and neutrons could result in the accumulation of 3 He and 6 Li, which are called the "poisoned elements" owing to their large thermal neutron capture cross section. The accumulation of neutron absorber can affect the performance of a reactor. In this study, the Super Multi-functional Calculation Program(SuperMC) code, which was developed by Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(INEST, CAS), was adopted to illustrate the influence of beryllium on an LMR.

Modes of Occurrence and Geological Origin of Beryllium in Coals from the Pu'an Coalfield, Guizhou, Southwest China

The concentration, modes of occurrence and geological origin of beryllium in five workable coal beds from the Pu＇an Coalfield of Guizhou were studied using the inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）, floating and sinking experiments （FSE） and sequential chemical extraction procedures （SCEP）. The results show that the average concentration of beryllium in coals from the Pu＇an Coalfield is 1.54 μg/g, much lower than that in most Chinese and worldwide coals. Beryllium in the Pu＇an coals was not significantly enriched. However, it should be noted that the No. 8 coal bed from the study area has a high concentration of beryllium, 6.89 μg/g, three times higher than the background value of beryllium in coal. Beryllium in coal mainly occurs as organic association and has predominantly originated from coal-forming plants when its concentration is relatively low. The concentration of beryllium occurring as organic association is close to that distributed in inorganic matter when beryllium concentration of coal is similar to its background value, and in addition to coal-forming plants, beryllium is mainly derived from detrital materials of terrigenous origin. When beryllium is anomalously enriched in coal, it mainly occurs as organic association and is derived from volcanic tonsteins leached for a long geological time and then adsorbed by organic matter in peat mire.

Beryllium Surface Modified by B Ion Implantation

Beryllium is implanted with 100 keV, 2×10^(17) B/cm^2 and post-implanted sample is annealed at 650℃ for 1 h.Hardness measurement indicates that the hardness increases with implantation and can further be modified by post-implantation heat treatment. Profile measurement shows that implantation causes contamination on the surface of beryllium. During annealing boron diffuses out of beryllium and carbon on surface diffuses into beryllium. Beryllium surface is modified by composition change and carbide formation.

Beryllium carbide as diffusion barrier against Cu:First-principles study

Beryllium carbide is used in inertial confinement fusion(ICF)capsule ablation material due to its low atomic number,low opacity,and high melting point properties.We used the method of climbing image nudged elastic band(CINEB)to calculate the diffusion barrier of copper atom in the crystal of beryllium and beryllium carbide.The diffusion barrier of copper atom in crystal beryllium is only 0.79 eV,and the barrier in beryllium carbide is larger than 2.85 eV.The three structures of beryllium carbide:anti-fluorite Be2C,Be2C-Ⅰ,and Be2C-Ⅲhave a good blocking effect to the diffusion of copper atom.Among them,the Be2C-Ⅲstructure has the highest diffusion barrier of 6.09 eV.Our research can provide useful help for studying Cu diffusion barrier materials.

Isotope Shift Calculations of Stable and Short-Lived Beryllium Isotopes

The isotope shifts of the 282 1S0 to 2s2p 1P1 and 3P1 transitions in the four-electron beryllium atom are calcu- lated by using the multi-configuration Dirac-Hartrce-Fock method and the relativistic configuration interaction approach for the stable and short-Bved beryllium isotopes. The results provided herein can be employed for the consistency check with the nuclear rms charge radii from the experimental isotope shifts by using the correspond- ing transitions for the short-lived nuclei 7,10-12Be and 14 Be. The analogous isotope shift results could also be obtained for the beryllium-like ions by the methods used here.

Synthesis and ceramization of polycarbosilane containing beryllium

Polycarbosilane containing beryllium(BPCS) precursors was prepared by the reaction of polycarbosilane(PCS) with beryllium acetylacetone(Be(acac)2).The analysis of structures and components of BPCS demonstrates that their main structures are basically the same as PCS.Ceramization of BPCS precursors shows that BPCS precursors are organic below 600 °C and inorganic at 800 °C.At 1400 °C,BPCS precursors convert into silicon carbide ceramics.The ceramization of different beryllium content precursors were studied,which show that beryllium plays an important role in the inhibition of crystalline grain growth of β-SiC at high temperature and it can adjust the dielectric constant of silicon carbide ceramics.

Ionization energies of beryllium in strong magnetic fields

We have develop an effective frozen core approximation to calculate energy levels and ionization enegies of the beryllium atom in magnetic field strengths up to 2.35 × 10^5T. Systematic improvement over the Hartree-Fock results for the beryllium low-lying states has been accomplished.

Separation and determination of trace amounts of beryllium（Ⅱ）,alumini

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东昆仑金水口泥盆纪层状花岗岩成因和找矿意义

东昆仑造山带是青藏高原与冈底斯带相媲美的巨型岩浆岩带,但该带是否具有形成硬岩型稀有金属矿床的潜力还不清楚。最近在东昆仑金水口地区发现了锂铍矿化伟晶岩,暗示其有可能成为以锂铍为主的稀有金属成矿潜力区。本文以矿化伟晶岩空间上紧密共生的金水口层状花岗岩体为研究对像,揭示其地球化学特征和形成时代,探讨其成因和找矿意义。金水口层状花岗岩下部为弱过铝高钾钙碱性黑云母二长花岗岩,上部为高分异强过铝二云母正长花岗岩、石榴子石碱长花岗岩和钠长花岗岩。花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为396~395Ma,LA-ICP-MS独居石U-Pb年龄为396~391Ma。黑云母二长花岗岩、二云母正长花岗岩、石榴子石碱长花岗岩和钠长花岗岩具有相似的Nd同位素组成,εNd(t)为-6.52~-4.48,黑云母二长花岗岩与二云母正长花岗岩具有相似的全岩Pb同位素组成和锆石Hf同位素组成,^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb(t)为38.187~38.219,^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb(t)为15.627~15.652,^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb(t)为18.299~18.527,ε_(Hf)(t)为-6.25~+0.58。下部花岗岩和上部高分异花岗岩均源于元古代岩石和少量新生年轻地壳物质组成的下地壳,为I型花岗岩,形成于碰撞后伸展构造环境。金水口花岗岩岩浆演化过程中Li、Be、Nb、Ta和Sn富集,与其东侧跃进山花岗岩共同构成了潜在的稀有金属矿化伟晶岩的母体花岗岩,推断跃进山花岗岩南部和东部具有伟晶岩型Li-Be矿的找矿潜力。东昆仑造山带出现泥盆纪Li-Be矿成矿作用,暗示青藏高原北部除了中生代外,古生代也存在Li-Be矿重要成矿潜力。

偏硼酸锂熔融-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铍矿石中的铍及主量元素

广泛赋存在花岗伟晶岩和热液石英脉中的铍矿石是铍最重要的矿物载体,目前铍矿石系统分析仍以传统化学法为主,影响分析效率,亟待开发一种简单高效的铍矿石中多元素分析方法。本文建立了一种基于偏硼酸锂熔融-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)测定铍矿石中铍及主量元素的定量分析方法,使用4∶1熔剂-样品比,950℃下熔融15min后,通过超声提取制备溶液。偏硼酸锂熔融法能有效地分解铍矿石中的氧化物,克服了传统酸溶或碱熔无法检测硅、钠、钾等元素的局限。本方法通过校准曲线与样品基体匹配,加入铕作内标等措施消除基体效应,实现了各元素(以氧化物计)低至0.003%~0.2%的检出限,满足铍精矿质量检测需求。对绿柱石、香花石、日光榴石样品(BeO含量范围为0.14%~13.33%)测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于6.83%,与混合酸酸溶分析方法的测定值相对偏差为0.06%~21.28%。通过标准物质GBW07150、GBW07151和GBW07183验证,本方法精密度和准确度均符合地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范,适用于多种类型铍矿石样品中铍及主量元素的快速连续分析。

激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法微区原位定量分析锂铍矿物化学成分

锂、铍是当前全球战略性关键金属,采用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)建立分析方法可以实现微区原位定量分析天然矿物样品中的锂、铍元素含量,为锂铍资源高效利用以及赋存状态的研究提供分析技术支撑。锂辉石和绿柱石等矿物是提取锂、铍元素的主要原料,微区分析常用的电子探针方法对于能量较低的轻元素难以准确定量,而LA-ICP-MS方法亟待改进降低非基体匹配校准带来的基体效应提高分析的准确度和精密度。本文探讨了仪器工作条件(同位素选择及计数模式、载气He气流速、样品气Ar气流速、束斑直径、能量密度大小)和数据处理方法(外部标准物质、内标元素)对定量结果精密度和准确度的影响。实验结果表明:He和Ar气体流速不仅会影响锂、铍信号强度,而且适当降低载气He流速(0.6L/min)可以减小相对误差。增加束斑直径虽可以将数据精密度提高10%以上,但是对于准确度影响不大;对于绿柱石这类硬度高的透明矿物应提高能量密度(相对强度>75%,通量>2.7J/cm^(2))以保证产生稳定剥蚀信号。测定7Li时选择现有标准物质中含量较高的GSE-1G校准、9Be选择NIST610校准,以Al作为内标补偿元素,计算结果相对误差较小。LA-ICP-MS方法通过调整仪器工作条件和数据处理方法,可以降低基体差异,提高数据准确度,解决微区原位准确定量分析锂、铍轻元素的难题,为锂、铍资源的勘探开发和高效利用提供有力的技术支撑。但是也亟待开发高锂、铍含量的微区标准物质,解决因现有标准物质与样品中含量差异造成的基体效应来进一步提高数据质量。

A preliminary study on the volcanic intrusive complex type beryllium metallogenic belt from the southeast coast of China

Beryllium(Be)is one of the unsubstitutable key metals in strategic emerging industries and national defense industries,mainly originating from volcanogenic Be deposits.Thus,volcanogenic Be deposits have become important research objects of key metal deposits,with a focus on their occurrence,metallogenic mechanism,and resource distribution.In the southeast coast of China,the Late Mesozoic volcanic intrusive complex has a good Be metallogenic background,and strong Be mineralization occurs in some areas.Field geological investigation and analyses of samples from Southeast Zhejiang as well as Northeast and Southeast Fujian indicate that Be mineralization in the southeast coast of China is closely related to the hydrothermal processes in the volcanic intrusive complex.In Southeast Zhejiang,Be ore in the Qingtian area mainly occurs in granite porphyry,with the Be content reaching 939 ppm,while strong Be mineralization from Zhangji rhyolite porphyry in the Pingyang area contains up to 11400 ppm Be.In Xiapu County,Northeastern Fujian,the Dawan Be deposit is characterized by constituents of helvite and beryl.In Pinghe County,Southeastern Fujian,the Fulishi Be ore is a quartz vein beryl-type ore.These results suggest that the volcanic intrusive complex area in the southeast coast of China has a wide range of Be mineralization and better Be metallogenic potential,and it is expected to become an important Be metallogenic belt in China.Thus,we should thoroughly investigate the Be resources of granite porphyry,rhyolite porphyry,quartz porphyry,and quartz vein in this volcanic rock area,which can provide a theoretical basis for the exploration and guiding prospecting of volcanic intrusive complex Be deposits.

新疆阿尔金西段瓦石峡南锂铍稀有金属矿成矿背景与勘查进展

锂、铍等稀有金属矿产是重要的战略矿产资源。近年来,在阿尔金地区发现了多处稀有金属伟晶岩型矿床,已成为我国一处新的稀有金属成矿带,但调查研究水平总体较低。通过对阿尔金造山带的成矿动力背景的讨论,得出阿尔金造山带的稀有金属成矿作用涵盖了多个不同的造山运动构造演化阶段,证明该区域具备良好的稀有金属成矿条件,并具有巨大的找矿潜力。通过对位于阿尔金西段的瓦石峡南锂铍稀有金属矿进行勘查评价,发现其具有大型远景:瓦石峡南锂铍稀有金属矿体主要赋存于绿片岩相-角闪岩相变质岩系中的伟晶岩脉中,矿床类型为花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床;已有勘查成果显示此矿床目前推断的稀有金属资源量达到中型以上矿床规模,并且随着勘查工作的进行,在深部及外围还有极大增储空间。研究成果对在阿尔金造山带内寻找同类型矿床具有借鉴意义。