A Survey on the Fortress Besieged from the Perspective of Politeness Equivalence

Politeness Principle is a seminal principle in pragmatic studies;research on politeness almost goes hand in hand with the blooming of pragmatics as an important branch in linguistics.Based their respective languages,both Chinese and western scholars,with Gu Yueguo,Leech and Levinson etc.as their representatives,have voiced their ideas in this field.It is the fact that politeness theory is closely linked with homogeneity and heterogeneity of languages that makes "politeness equivalence" an important criterion of "functional equivalence".This paper is designed to carry out a research on politeness equivalence in translation.The whole paper is divided into four parts:the first part is the introduction;in the second part,the author introduces typical politeness theories both home and abroad;the third part,with The Fortress Besieged as a frame of reference,is devoted to a survey of the application of politeness theory in translation;the last part is the summary of this paper.

The Influence of the Cultural Factors on the Translation of Fortress Besieged

Fortress Besieged features rich cultural and artistic features,which pose great challenges to its equivalent translation.This paper presents the translation of the arttistic elements like alluisions,four-character phrase and rhetorical langage,with the aim of sorting out the possible translation strategies for cultural translation.

An Analysis of Translation Methods of Metaphors in Fortress Besieged Based on the English Version by Kelly.J. and N.K.Mao

As to Fortress Besieged,it is the English version translated by Kelly.J.and N.K.Mao of Wei Cheng written by Qian Zhongshu,which includes various and fancy metaphors.To explore and find more proper and effective translation methods of metaphors under foreignization and domestication,~1 this paper combines exemplifications in Fortress Besieged with translationrelated theories,which may help readers comprehend literary works better and promote cross-cultural communication.

“Fusion of Horizons”——Analysis of Fortress Besieged From the Perspective of Gadamer’s Hermeneutics

According to Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics,two processes of“fusion of horizons”can be described as:the“horizons”of the text,the translator,and the target reader are“fused”together.Based upon the“fusion of horizons”of the hermeneutics proposed by Hans-Georg Gadamer,a leading German Continental philosopher of the twentieth century,this article aims to analyze English version of Wei Cheng written by Qian Zhongshu and then cooperatively translated by Jeanne Kelly and Nathan K.Mao.It is found that the translator can give new meaning to the text through“interpretation”,and on that basis,each interpretation of the text means a new process of“fusion of horizons”.

Application of Register Theory to English Translation of Fortress Besieged

Recently,register theory,one of the most important theories of systemic functional grammar,has been received scholars’more and more attention and widely applied into translation,which brings a new perspective for translation research and provides a reasonable and scientific way of evaluating.Fortress Besieged,written by Qian Zhongshu,contains rich content,uses special language,and adopts unique writing technique skills,which can be called the literary classic.The paper combines register theory with translated literary work and explores the equivalence of Fortress Besieged in the process of translating from field,tenor,and mode of discourse to achieve translation equivalence as much as possible,which can improve translation quality and promote the spread of Chinese culture.

Translation of Allusions in Fortress Besieged

The wide application of Chinese and foreign allusions is a big feature of QIAN Zhong-shu＇s only novel and masterpiece Fortress Besieged, which was first published in 1947. The paper makes an attempt to categorize and analyze the strategies in translating allusions adopted by Jeanne Kelly and Nathan K. Mao in the only English version. The strategies include literal translation, literal translation plus endnote, literal translation plus explanation added in the text, interpretation of the implied meaning plus endnote, and interpretation of the implied meaning in the text. In particular, the strategy of literal translation plus endnote is mostly adopted. This is indicative of the translators＇ wish to be as faithful as possible to the source text. What＇s more, the literal translation strategy and use of endnotes is of a big help to communicate the Chinese culture to foreigners

A Study of Conversational Implicature through Flouting the Cooperative Principle in Fortress Besieged

Fortress Besieged written by Qian Zhongshu is a famous Chinese satiric novel,which is widely regarded as one of the mas-terpieces of Twentieth Century Chinese literature.There are various researches on this classic work,while the research from theperspective of linguistics is relatively rare.Therefore,the paper aims to analyze the conversational implicature of the dialogues inFortress Besieged from the perspective of Cooperative Principle and to provide a new perspective of studying novel as well as to en-able the readers to have a better appreciation of it.

On Translation of Figure of Speech in Fortress Besieged From the Perspective of Eco-translatology

On the framework of eco- translatology, this thesis presents an introduction of the novel Fortress Besieged, the author and the translation work, and then gives an analysis of the translator's adaptation and selection of the translational eco-environment.

On the Genesis of Zhongshu Qian’s Fortress Besieged

Significant portions of Zhongshu Qian’s classic twentieth century novel,Fortress Besieged,are closely correlated with Hunan.This article explores the connections between the novel and Qian’s experiences in National Hunan Normal College(NHNC),later to become Hunan Normal University(HNNU).More than one third of Fortress Besieged describes the experiences of its main character,Hongjang Fang,at the fictional SanlüUniversity.This article argues that Qian’s time at NHNC had formative impact on Fortress Besieged,in which four pivotal chapters are fictionalized versions of his actual encounters in Hunan.Drawing on archival documents,this article analyzes the novel to determine the relative levels of historical veracity versus imaginative recreations.The ultimate goal is to demonstrate where depictions are realistic or fantastic,and the ways in which Fortress Besieged and NHNC become mutually constitutive reflections of each other.

Bush Besieged by Troubles

When his now unpopular war against Iraq entered its fifth year on March 20, it was actually only one of U.S. President George W. Bush’s various headaches. After his protest-rich Latin American tour in mid-March, Bush returned home to a string of

关联理论与格式塔意象理论观照下的《围城》幽默翻译

本文以小说《围城》及其英译本为例,从关联理论与格式塔意象理论的角度观照《围城》的幽默翻译。作者认为,在翻译《围城》幽默时,译者主要采取直译翻译策略;当遇富含文化元素的幽默文本,尤其因文化背景不同而不为西方人所熟知的文化信息时,译者则采取意译或意译直译相结合的翻译策略。其目的是为了更好的再现原文的整体意象。总体而言,采取何种策略进行幽默翻译,其关键在于保持原文的整体意象并注意整体和谐。