Antidepressant Effect of Mongolian Pharmaceutical Betel Shisanwei Ingredient Pills and Its Improvement Effect on Depressive Syndromes

[Objectives]To analyze the effect of Mongolian pharmaceutical Betel Shisanwei Ingredient Pills in the clinical treatment of patients with depression.[Methods]From June 2020 to May 2021,64 patients with depression who received treatment in Inner Mongolia Minzu University were selected to participate in this study.These patients were randomly numbered from 1 to 64,and then divided into two groups according to the principle of odd or even number.Patients with odd number were regarded as the reference group,and treated by western medicine fluoxetine;patients with even number were regarded as the study group,and treated by Mongolian pharmaceutical Betel Shisanwei Ingredient Pills.The therapeutic effects of the two groups of patients were compared.[Results]Before treatment,there was no significant difference in the scores of patients'depressive syndromes between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,there were two significant changes in comprehensive score of depressive symptoms in both groups.Compared with before treatment,the data of the same group after treatment decreased significantly.Comparison between the two groups showed that the score of patients'depressive syndromes in the study group(13.28±5.49)was significantly lower than that in the reference group(18.46±6.51),and the overall response rate of treatment in the study group(96.88%,31/32)was obviously higher than that in the reference group(75.00%,24/32),showing statistically significant differences(P<0.05).[Conclusions]In the treatment of depression,Mongolian medicine therapy can significantly improve the depressive syndromes in patients,with more prominent curative effects,and is worthy of promotion and application.

Betel quid chewing and oral potential malignant disorders and the impact of smoking and drinking:A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Oral potential malignant disorders(OPMDs)are a precancerous condition of oral disease.Several studies have found that betel quid chewing,smoking and alcohol drinking might be the risk factors of OPMDs.But the relationships of them,especially their interaction are still inconclusive.AIM To evaluate the relationship between betel quid chewing and OPMDs and to explore the interaction of smoking and alcohol drinking on the relationship.METHODS We searched Pub Med,Web of Science,Embase and the Cochrane Library databases with items complete until January 2021 for relevant studies.The research data were extracted according to the inclusion criteria.The pooled odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were used to evaluate the effect size.Subgroup analysis was performed to assess interactions between exposures and OPMDs.Relative excess risk of interaction(RERI)was used to estimate the size of interaction.RESULTS Nine articles were selected in the final meta-analysis.The results showed that betel quid chewing(pooled OR:8.70,95%CI:5.18-14.61),alcohol consumption(pooled OR:1.95,95%CI:1.5-2.55),and smoking(pooled OR:4.35,95%CI:3.06-6.2)could significantly increase the risk of OPMDs compared to individuals without these behaviors.Smoking and alcohol drinking synergistically increased the association between betel quid chewing and OPMDs(pooled OR;:14.38,95%CI:7.14-28.95;pooled OR;:11.12,95%CI:8.00-15.45,respectively).The RERI;and RERI;were 2.33 and 1.47,respectively.CONCLUSION The synergistic effects between smoking/drinking and betel quid highlights the importance of focusing on individuals with multiple exposures.Further study should be conducted to confirm these interactions.

Current Situation and Management Recommendations about Betel Nut Planting in Hainan

The betel nut planting area and yield in Hainan have reached 94000 ha and 231000 t,respectively.There are some problems in betel nut planting such as dispersed cultivation,irrational planting layout,excessively dense planting and serious betel nut yellow leaf disease.For the sustainable development of Hainan betel nut,it is necessary to focus on building the disease-resistant betel nut plantation,so as to prevent and control the occurrence and spread of betel nut yellow leaf disease;transform the low-yield betel nut plantation,and strengthen betel nut production management,in order to improve betel nut yield and promote sustainable development of betel nut industry.

Current Situation and Development Recommendations for Betel Nut Processing in Hainan Province

Hainan's betel nut processing industry continues to develop,and the yield has reached 231000 t. There are some problems in betel nut industry such as unreasonable initial processing layout,processing capacity surplus,and deep processing industry lag. It is suggested that we should guide the initial processing layout of betel nut according to local conditions,and carry out overall deep processing planning of betel nut; support betel nut deep processing plant in the main producing areas,establish betel nut initial processing and deep processing serial production line,and develop new betel nut product; build betel nut production,processing,transport and marketing information database and market information early warning mechanism,and improve betel nut processing information service platform to timely provide information services and continuously develop betel nut industry.

Financial viability and conservation role of betel leaf based agroforestry:an indigenous hill farming system of Khasia community in Bangladesh

A study was conducted to investigate the cultural and financial management techniques of betel leaf based agroforestry system practiced in or near homegardens of Khasia community in Jaintapur Upazila in the district of Sylhet, Bangladesh.The Khasia is an educated community where 100% of Khasia people were literate, a stunning fact for this ethnic community in Bangladesh.The average family size in the study area was 7.68, with a ration of male and females of 141:100.The homegardens of the Khasia are rich in species composi-tion, which 15 timber species, 22 horticultural species, six medicinal species, 13 annual crops including leafy vegetables, seven species of spices and five species of bamboo were identified along with betel leaf.The Khasia is an economically prosperous community with the minimum family incomes of Tk 4 000 per month(Tk.70=1 US Dollar).Betel leaf based agroforestry is very common being a prevalent source of income.About 95.45% of the households are involved in betel leaf husbandry.The mean annual income from one hectare of betel leaf plantation was estimated to be Tk.80979.This practice was proven to be a profitable business where the benefit cost ratio was calculated to be 4.47.Moreover, the species composition in the betel leaf plantation area(the forest area once utilized by Khasia for shifting cultivation) was found to be very promising to play the significant role in conservation of biological diversity making the practice a sus-tainable agroforestry system.

Forest-based betel leaf and betel nut farming of the Khasia indigenous People in Bangladesh: approach to biodiversity conservation in Lawachara National Park(LNP)

An exploratory survey was conducted among the Khasia living in Lawachara National Parkt （LNP） to investigate their depend- ency on the protected area （PA） for livelihoods, betel leaf hill farming, traditional forest conservation and perceptions of the PA, Field data were collected by interviewing 48 household heads from two villages （punjis） located inside the LNP and visiting their farms.： The economy of the Khasia was forest-based. They were largely dependent on betel leaf hill farming in LNP and nearly 71% of their mean annual income was de- rived from this irrespective of farmer category. On average, about 14% of the incomes of the poorer farmers came from forest produce followed by 10% and 6% for medium and rich farmers respectively. Hills and forests were the foundations of their lives and livelihoods, and LNP was the life-blood of Khasia survival. As a sustainable production system, this farming practice plays a vital role in conserving biodiversity in LNP and might be replicated elsewhere.

Developmental Strategies of Betel Nut Industry in Hainan Province

The developmental status of the betel nut industry is introduced, including cultivation situation, processing and development situation, and consumer market situation. The result shows that the cultivation of betel nut in Hainan Province develops rapidly and the primary processing of betel nut has formed certain scale, but the deep processing of betel nut is backward. Except for the mino amount of the betel nuts consumed by Hainan Island, a large majority of the betel nuts are processed into dry fruit to sell to Hunan Province to reprocess. The problems exist in the development of betel nut industry in Hainan Province are analyzed, covering blind cultivation, extensive management, backward processing, lagged new product development and the single and concentrated consumer market. The strategic choice of developing the betel nut industry of Hainan Province is analyzed as well. Hainan Province should carry out the green, sustainable, diversified, cooperative and export-oriented industrial developmental strategy.

Effects of Bio-probiotic Betel Bokashi on Raising Pigs and Preventing Diarrhea in Young Piglets in Central Vietnam

Infection of Escherichia coli in piglets is identified as one of major problems in pig husbandry.Data were collected from different experiments conducted at farm levels and results showed that the percentage of piglets infected with E.coli was very high.E.coli infected healthy piglets were up to 48.9%and E.coli infected diarrhea piglets accounted for 88.3%.Using Betel Bokashi and antibiotics in treatment brings about different results.Out of 48 infected piglets,15 piglets were selected for three groups treatment with five each group.Results showed that 92.3%diarrhea piglets treated with Betel Bokashi recovered in 3.85 d,while 100%and 88.23%treated with antibiotics were cured in 4 d and 4.01 d,respectively.Post-treatment piglets in group 3 grew up faster than group 1 and group 2,with gains 231,218 and 212 g,respectively.

Sustainable Development of Betel Nut Industry in Hainan Province

In 2014,the betel nut planting area was 94000 ha,betel nut yield reached 231000 t,and the annual processing capacity of green standard betel nut drying equipments reached 677400 t in Hainan Province.The yellows in betel nut plantation have posed a serious threat to the development of betel nut industry,and the initial processing plants of betel nut are scattered,with low benefits.It is recommended to establish ecological betel nut plantations,use nutrition regulation to prevent betel nut yellows,and develop integrated betel nut processing plants to promote the sustainable development of betel nut industry.

Healing property of the Piper betel phenol, allylpyrocatechol against indomethacin-induced stomach ulceration and mechanism of action

AIM: To evaluate the protective activity of allylpyrocatechol (APC), the major antioxidant constituent of Piper betel, against the indomethacin-induced stomach ulceration in the rat model and correlates with its antioxidative and mucin protecting properties. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Normal control rats (group Ⅰ) were given the vehicle oral dose of gum acacia in distilled water (1 mL per rat); ulcerated control and treated rats (groups Ⅱ-Ⅴ) were given a single dose of indomethacin (30 mg/kg body wt.); group Ⅱ rats were sacrificed 4 h after indomethacin administration; groups Ⅲ-Ⅴ rats were given the vehicle (1 mL per rat) or APC (2 mg/kg body wt.) or misoprostol (1.43 μg/kg body wt.) once daily by oral intubation for 7 d starting from 4 h after the indomethacin administration. After 7 d, the stomach tissues were excised for histological examination and biochemical analysis. RESULTS: Treatment with APC (2 mg/kg body wt per day) and misoprostol (1.43 μg/kg body wt per day) for 7 d could effectively heal the stomach ulceration as revealed from the ulcer index and histopathological studies. Compared to the zero day ulcerated group, treatment with APC and misoprostol reduced the ulcer index by 93.4% and 85.4% respectively (P < 0.05). Both APC and misoprostol accelerated ulcer healing observed in natural recovery (P < 0.05), their respective healing capacities not being significantly different. The healing capacities of APC and misoprostol could be attributed to their antioxidant activity as well as the ability to enhancethe mucin content of the gastric tissues. Compared to the ulcerated untreated rats, those treated with APC and misoprostol showed near normal MDA levels, while the protein levels were 86% and 78% of the normal value respectively (P < 0.05). Likewise, both APC and misoprostol increased the SOD, catalase, and mucin levels significantly (P < 0.05), the effect of APC being better. CONCLUSION: APC can protect indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration due to its antioxidative and mucin protecting properties.

含紫薯花青素的槟榔芋淀粉薄膜性能及其应用

开发含紫薯花青素(PSPA)并可生物降解的槟榔芋淀粉薄膜(TSF),并研究其光学性能、厚度、含水率、水溶性、颜色、总酚含量、抗氧化活性、红外光谱和微观结构等性能,初步探讨TSF对鲜切莴笋、鱼肉和猪肉储存过程中新鲜度的指示作用。研究表明TSF的紫外-可见光谱和PSPA溶液的光谱变化规律是一致的,表明PSPA与槟榔芋淀粉具有良好的成膜机制。TSF厚度适中,含水率为39.17%,水溶性为36.93%;TSF的DPPH清除率达到94%,表明TSF的抗氧化活性高。将TSF应用于鲜切莴笋、鱼肉和猪肉的新鲜度监测,TSF先呈现淡紫色,随着时间推移,鲜切莴笋、鱼肉和猪肉逐渐腐败变质,48 h后,TSF在莴笋中呈现蓝紫色、猪肉中呈现浅绿色、鱼肉中呈现淡黄色。

利用GC-IMS分析两个槟榔种质雌花挥发性风味物质差异

为研究不同种质槟榔花的挥发性风味物质差异,采集白花和黄花两个槟榔种质雌花,采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)技术构建其挥发性风味物质指纹图谱,比较2种槟榔雌花释放的挥发性风味物质组分及相对含量的差异。结果表明,两个种质雌花共检出挥发性风味物质72种,两者挥发性风味物质含量差异主要集中在醇类和酯类。黄花种质雌花的醇类物质中乙醇、3-羟基-2-丁酮、异丁醇均高于白花种质3倍以上。白花种质雌花的酯类物质相对含量是黄花的2.3倍,以乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸-3-甲基丁酯为主;白花种质雌花的乙酸叶醇酯、乳酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、丁酸甲酯相对含量也高于黄花种质。相似度和主成分分析表明,根据槟榔雌花挥发性风味物质可以区分两种槟榔雌花。

Correlation of Betel Quid with Oral Cancer from 1998 to 2017： A Study Based on Bibliometric Analysis

Background： Betel quid chewing has been a major risk factor for oral cancer （OC） in southern China. This study aimed to analyze the scientific publications on the relationship between betel quid chewing and OC and construct a model to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate pertinent publications from 1998 to 2017. Methods： The publications from 1998 to 2017 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Microsoft Excel, Thomson Data Analyzer, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace software were used to analyze the publication outcomes, journals, countries/regions, institutions, authors, research areas, and research frontiers. Results： A total of 788 publications on the relationship between betel quid chewing and OC published until October 25, 2017, were identified. The top 4 related journals were Journal of Oral Pathology Medicine, Oral Oncology, Plos One, and lnternational Journal of Cancer. The top five countries engaged in related research included China, India, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Malaysia. The corresponding disciplines, such as oncology, oral surgery, pathology, environmental and occupational health, and toxicology, were mainly concentrated in three disciplines. The subject ternas squamous cell carcinoma, OC, betel quid, expression, oral submucous fibrosis, India, and p53 ranked first among research hotspots. The burst terms squamous cell carcinoma, OC, betel quid, and expression ranked first in research frontiers. Conclusions： Research in this area emphasized hotspots such as squamous cell carcinoma, OC, oral submucosal fibrosis, betel quid, and tobacco. The annual number of publications steadily decreased from 1998 to 2017, with a lack of a systematic study from interdisciplinary perspectives, inadequate pertinent journals, limited regions with the practice of betel quid chewing, and insufficient participation of researchers, which indicate that as the prevalence of OC increases, particularly in China, research in this area warrants further expansion.

基于可编程控制器的槟榔包装控制系统设计

为解决槟榔自动包装机封口装置存在封口不牢固、包材烧穿等问题,设计了一种基于可编程控制器(programmable logic controller, PLC)技术的槟榔自动包装机封口装置控制系统,以实现槟榔包装的稳定性。介绍封口装置工艺以及控制系统结构,包括PLC、温度传感器、位置传感器、温度控制模块、伺服电机等。封口装置中温度为主要研究对象,同时为弥补传统PID(proportional-integral-differential)控制的不足,改善传统LADRC(linear active disturbance rejection control)控制参数整定困难等问题,提出一种粒子群(particle swarm optimization, PSO)优化改进型线性自抗扰温度控制器,以提高封口装置温度控制的鲁棒性和抗扰性。最后进行仿真和实验研究。结果表明:与传统PID以及自抗扰(active disturbance rejection control, ADRC)控制器相比,加入粒子群(particle swarm optimization, PSO)算法优化后的改进型LADRC方法,可以使系统输出响应、快速性增强,调节时间变短,封口装置实际包装温度误差<0.4℃。可见所述封口装置系统有效提高温度控制精度,一定程度上提升了槟榔自动包装机的生产效率。

益口槟葛对金黄地鼠健康的影响研究

目的:研究连续嚼食基于葛根制备的槟榔风味咀嚼块益口槟葛4周对金黄地鼠的健康影响,评估益口槟葛的嚼食安全性。方法:将40只金黄地鼠随机分为4组,分别为空白对照组、葛根组、益口槟葛组和槟榔组,每组10只。空白组金黄地鼠用10%水合氯醛以3mL/kg剂量进行麻醉,以保证各组处理条件一致,其他实验组金黄地鼠在麻醉后将葛根、槟葛或槟榔(均切碎呈小颗粒状)塞至两颊,每2天1次,共持续给药4周。每两周用游标卡尺测金黄地鼠口腔开合度;第4周对各组金黄地鼠进行高架十字迷宫实验,评估葛根、益口槟葛和槟榔对金黄地鼠行为能力的影响;饲喂嚼食4周后,处死各组金黄地鼠,检测各主要脏器指数、肝转氨酶活性,评估其生理健康状况;取颊囊组织进行染色,并提取RNA,检测与口腔黏膜下纤维化有关的关键基因表达情况。结果:饲喂4周后,各实验组地鼠摄食量及体质量出现明显下降。槟榔组转氨酶显著升高,肾指数各组间无明显差异。各组地鼠颊囊无明显外观改变,开口度无明显差异,组织染色结果显示各咀嚼组出现一定的黏膜组织改变,槟榔组出现更明显的炎性细胞浸润。mRNA水平上的纤维化相关基因差异表达提示,槟榔咀嚼组出现一定的口腔黏膜下纤维化征兆,益口槟葛组尚不明显。此外,高台十字迷宫实验结果表明,嚼食益口槟葛后,金黄地鼠活动兴奋性显著提高,表现出强烈的探索意识。结论:持续4周嚼食益口槟葛对金黄地鼠的健康无明显影响,未见对口腔的损伤,同时具有较好的神经兴奋作用。

干旱胁迫及复水对槟榔幼苗形态和生理特性的影响

本研究采用盆栽控水法,对槟榔幼苗在干旱胁迫和复水过程中发生的形态和生理特性变化进行研究,以评价干旱胁迫和复水对槟榔幼苗的影响。以正常浇水为对照(CK),设置干旱时间分别为5 d、10 d、15 d、20 d、25 d、30 d,在每个干旱时间节点取样后立即进行复水,并在复水后1 d、4 d、7 d分别取样。研究结果表明:干旱后,槟榔幼苗根冠比增加;复水后,根冠比除干旱5 d恢复到CK水平外,其余处理均未恢复到CK水平。根、茎、叶和种核含水量以及净光合速率(A)、蒸腾速率(E)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)均随着干旱时间的延长呈现递减趋势;在干旱胁迫30 d时根、茎、叶和种核含水量以及A、E、Ci和Gs达到最低,与CK相比分别下降了21.87%、28.97%、75.01%、34.24%、100.00%、92.64%、75.05%和95.70%;复水后,根、茎、叶和种核含水量以及A、E、Ci和Gs均在干旱20 d前复水后恢复效果明显,但在干旱25 d复水后效果不明显。过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈现先升后降再升高趋势,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量则随着干旱时间的延长呈现先升后降趋势;SOD活性在干旱10 d时达到最大值,与CK相比增加了9.48%;CAT和POD活性则在干旱15 d达到最大值,与CK相比分别增加317.99%和44.88%;MDA在干旱25 d时达到最高,与CK相比增加了59.99%。综上所述,槟榔幼苗能维持正常生长的最长干旱时间是20 d,当持续干旱超过20 d后,将对槟榔幼苗造成无法逆转的伤害,故在持续干旱20 d内必须对槟榔幼苗进行灌溉。

口腔菌群参与槟榔提取物诱发大鼠口腔溃疡的作用研究

目的通过槟榔提取物构建大鼠口腔溃疡模型,观察口腔内菌群结构变化及多样性特征,探索口腔菌群和局部炎性因子参与槟榔提取物诱发大鼠口腔溃疡的发病作用机制研究,为临床防治口腔溃疡提供理论支持。方法将30只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、药物治疗组(桂林西瓜霜,8 mg/d,连续7 d),10只/组。大鼠口腔黏膜经皮下注射10 g/mL的槟榔提取物,复制大鼠口腔溃疡模型。通过观察溃疡面积、溃疡评分、局部组织口腔肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2)、IL-8水平,并取口腔黏膜组织进行HE染色,观察其组织形态学的变化,采用高通量测序方法分析口腔微生物菌群结构分布及微生物群落多样性。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠溃疡面积显著增大,溃疡评分显著上升(P<0.01),口腔黏膜组织TNF-α、IL-2、IL-8水平均显著升高(P<0.01),大鼠口腔唾液的链球菌属(Streptococcus,P<0.05)、韦荣球菌属(Veillonella,P<0.001)均显著减少,模型组大鼠口腔黏膜上皮细胞增生或局灶性坏死,黏膜固有层水肿、出血,并伴有大量的中性粒细胞和单核细胞浸润;与模型组比较,药物治疗组大鼠溃疡面积显著减少(P<0.05,P<0.01),溃疡评分显著减少(P<0.05),口腔黏膜组织TNF-α(P<0.01)、IL-2(P<0.05)、IL-8(P<0.05)水平均显著降低,大鼠口腔唾液的链球菌属(Streptococcus,P<0.001)、韦荣球菌属(Veillonella,P<0.01)显著增加,葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus,P<0.01)显著减少,口腔黏膜组织病变程度有明显改善。结论槟榔提取物可成功复制大鼠口腔溃疡模型,其发病机制可能与口腔正常菌群水平降低,潜在致病菌水平升高,破坏其口腔菌群微生物平衡,进而破坏机体免疫系统,引起局部促炎因子升高有关。

Hybrid Bio-based Composites from Waste Chicken Feather and Betel Nut Fiber: A Study on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties

The present work is an attempt to develop bio-based hybrid composites by incorporating Betel nut Fiber(BF)and Chicken feather Fiber(CF)at different ratios in modified soybean oil matrix by compression molding technique.The ratio of the fiber and resin was taken as 30:70.Epoxidised soybean oil(ESO)was modified by using methacrylic acid and methacrylic anhydride.The ratio of CF and BF was varied from 2:1 to 1:2 respectively.The influence of hybrid fibers and fiber ratio on various properties of the composites was investigated.The obtained results showed that composites prepared with 1:1 ratio of CF and BF exhibited highest tensile strength compared to the other composites prepared by using different ratios of CF and BF.The surface morphology of the composites was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM),where surface roughness was found to be decreased after incorporation of hybrid fibers.Thermogravimetric analysis was carried out to study the behaviour of the composites at high temperature,where thermal stability was found to enhance for hybrid composites compared to the composites prepared with single fibers.Also properties like water vapour uptake capacity and volumetric swelling were measured and found to be decreased for the hybrid composites.An overall improvement in properties was observed for composites having 1:1 ratio of CF:BF.Hence,it is concluded that 1:1 weight ratio of CF and BF is the optimum mixing ratio to enhance the various properties of the hybrid composites.

嚼食槟榔与缺血性脑卒中危险因素关系的研究进展

嚼食槟榔具有成瘾性,盛行于我国多地,一直以来被认为与口腔癌密切相关。嚼食槟榔可增加心房颤动、糖尿病、高脂血症、高血压、高同型半胱氨酸血症、肥胖等疾病的患病风险,也与脑血管疾病的死亡率增加有关。其中,心房颤动、糖尿病、高脂血症等为缺血性脑卒中最关键的可控危险因素。而改变嚼食槟榔这一行为方式,有利于预防并减少缺血性脑卒中可控危险因素的发生,有利于降低缺血性脑卒中的发生率。因此,提高戒除槟榔在缺血性脑卒中预防体系中的作用具有重要意义。